Theory and design of Structures

Source for both buildings description #Wikipedia

👆👆👆👆 👉location:- East third ring road , guanghua road in the beijing China 👉 44 story 👉 serves headquarters for China media group(CMG). 👉The building is challenging since it is located in # seismic zone. 👉 since the building have a radical shape, local taxi drivers first came up with the nickname # big boxer 👉the building cantilevers #75 m. 👉critisized as " the structure was modeled after a #pornographic image of a woman on her hands and knees " ( now see it 😂) @theoryanddesignofstructures @Cengtalk_bot

CMG headquarters, china

👉centum city, Busan, south Korea 👉 estimated cost : #150 million American dollar 👉 Completed in almost #three years 👉Guinness world record for the longest #cantilever roof 👉 The roof is 163 m long by 60 m wide , with 85 m #cantilever portion. 👉Designed by the Australian design group firm #coop_himmelb(I)au 👉 constructed by #hanjin heavy industries

Busan cinema center

Developed by https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAFDBtTWG59qLCQ9DuA

✔️ design of doubly reinforced beams 👉 doubly reinforced beams are designed using the same method as that of singly reinforced beams. But, the approach is different 👉In order to show, the design of doubly reinforced beams with ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 a pdf file is presented below. 🧐Go through it and if there is any doubt or comment please contact me. 👇👇👇👇 @theoryanddesignofstructures @Cengtalk_bot

✔️ Doubly reinforced beam 👉 beams with tension reinforcement only( reinforcement to assist concrete carry tension) are called singly reinforced beams 👉 due to different reasons, it isn't always possible to use singly reinforced beam and it becomes necessary to assist concrete to carry compression too. And beams with both tension and compression reinforcement are called doubly reinforced beams. 👉 doubly reinforced beams are advantageous over singly reinforced beams for the following reasons : ✔️Reduces sustained deflection( long term deflection) ✔️ Increases ductility ✔️ Enhances tension mode of failure ✔️ Decreased depth of section, leading to astetics @theoryanddesignofstructures @Cengtalk_bot

Continued... Since the steps involved to perform section analysis are tidous to type here, a pdf is provided instead. Go through it and if you have any comment please contact me at @Cengtalk_bot. 👇👇👇👇

Structural Design and construction isn't a fun event, it is as serious as it gets. let's see what history has to say 🔙. 👉Hammurabi was the sixth king of Babylon and ruled from 1792 BC to 1750 BC. 👉The Code of Hammurabi contained 282 laws inscribed on twelve stone tablets which were placed in public view. 👉Several of the laws pertained to the built environment. Here are some scary article from the code : 229 If a builder builds a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its #owner, then that #builder shall be put to death 😨. 230 If it kills the #son of the owner, the #son of that builder shall be put to death 😰. 231 If it kills a #slave of the owner, then he shall pay, #slave for #slave, to the owner of the house 😱( poor slaves ). 232 If it ruins #goods, he shall make #compensation for all that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means 🤕. Be serious..... Source: https://www.lexology.com

The same expressions for αc and βc is used because the same equation for parabolic rectangular stress strain relationship for concrete is used by both codes.

Regions for section analysis

Based on the strain that concrete and steel experience, sections can be categorized into 5 regions. Each region has its own characteristics based on the amount of strain in concrete and steel. Let's see the characteristics of each Region 1 - the section is under tension - usually used for Column section Region 2 -the strain in steel is fixed to a value of 10 per thousand . - the strain in concrete varies between 0 and 3.5 per thousand. Region 3 - the strain in steel varies between design yield stain of steel( εyd) and 10 per thousand . - the concrete strain is fixed to 3.5 per thousand. Region 4 -The strain in steel varies between 0 and εyd. - the strain in concrete is fixed to 3.5 per thousand. Region 5 - under compression. -commonly used for column sections. For better understanding, see picture with caption " regions for section analysis" @theoryanddesignofstructures @Cengtalk_bot

Concrete and steel forces

Stress block parameters