General English with JR

31. Oʻrganilayotan til tarixini davrlarga boʻlib oʻrganish 32. Oʻrganilayotgan til qadimgi davrining fonetik xususiyatlari 33. Oʻrta davr fonetik strukturasi 34. Oʻrganilayotggan til qadimgi davridagi yozma yodgorliklar 35. Oʻrganilayotgan til tarixiy davri lugʻat boyligi 36. Oʻrganilayotgan til oʻrta davri lugʻat boyligi 37. Oʻrganilayotgan til oʻrta davri va xususiyatlari 38. Oʻrganilayotgan til yangi davr grammatikasining oʻziga xos til xususiyatlari

1. Soʻz birikmasining oʻxshashligi va farqi. 2. Soʻzlarning etimologiyasi. 3. Matnlarni leksik tahlil etish 4. Gapda soʻzlarning ma'noli birikish usullari. 5. Ot soʻz turkumi va uning grammatik kategoriyalari. 6. Fe'l soʻz turkumi va uning grammatik kategoriyalari. 7. Sifat soʻz turkumi va uning turlari. 8. Son kategoriyasi. 9. Gapning tuzilishiga koʻra turlari. 10. Gapning ifoda maqsadiga koʻra turlari. 11. Oʻrganilayotgan tildada qoʻshma gaplar. (Bogʻlangan qoʻshma gap va ergashgan gapli qoʻshma gap) 12. Gapda sintaktik aloqalar turlari. 13. Birlamchi va ikkilamchi predikasiya tushunchalari.

1 Introduction to Theoretical Grammar. Genetic and morphological characteristics of the studied language. Morphology and syntax. Definition of grammar. Grammatical form and grammatical meaning 2 Morphology. Grammatical means of the target language: grammatical structure of the language. Morphological structure of language. Word order, auxiliary words, grammatical additions, stress and intonation, changes in the stem. Morpheme, morph, allomorph and their structural types. Types of Morpheman. The concept of analytical form. Features of the grammatical system of the language. Vocabulary. Key words. Independent and auxiliary words. General characteristics of word groups in the studied language. Forms and meanings of word groups. The phenomenon of transposition 3 Grammatical categories. The phenomenon of asymmetry in grammar. A functional approach. Grammatical categories. Content plan of the grammatical category. Grammatical category expression plan. Peculiarities of the grammatical structure of the target language. Means of expressing grammatical meaning. Grammatical categories. Concepts of grammatical form and grammatical meaning. Synthetic and analytical forms of the word. The relationship between word groups and clauses. Morphological structure of the word. Morpheme and its types. The concept of combinatorics 4 Parts of speech, the meaning of parts of speech, the views of various scientists about parts of speech 5 Syntax and its object of study. Morphology and Syntax. Syntactic structures. The concept of modeling in syntax. Methods of speech analysis. Types of grammar: traditional grammar, logical grammar, structural grammar, direct constituent grammar, transformational grammar, generative grammar, agreement grammar, cognitive grammar. Types of syntactic relations observed between language units in the studied language; Concepts of coordination, subordination, predication, primary and secondary predication. Complex structures. Structural-functional analysis of polypredicative devices 6 Sentence. Basic ideas about determining the concept of a sentence. A classical approach to sentence recognition. Sentence classification. Types of sentences according to purpose: one-clause and two-clause sentences. The concept of ellipsis in a sentence. The difference between one-clause and two-clause 7 General information of Roman-German Languages. The role of Germanic languages in the Indo-European language family. Modern Germanic languages, their distribution and classification. Information about Germanic tribes: (Piteas, Julius Caesar, Tacitus) Classification of Germanic tribes and their location during the "great migration of peoples".Specific features of German languages: the first migration of consonants, Grimm's law, Werner's law, change of vowels, system of variation of nouns, system of quantitative change of verbs and division into suffixes, German alphabet, the most important written forms of German languages and their classification. 8 The question of the division of the history of the English language into periods. Celtic tribes in the European continent. The invasion of the British Isles by Roman armies, historical monuments built by the Romans.West Germanic tribes in the region and their relationship with Rome. The conquest of the British Isles by the Anglo-Saxon, Frisian, and Jute tribes and the emergence of the Anglo-Saxon states. Latin language and its role and significance on roman languages formation. Historical laws of the Old English sound system: palatalization. The lengthening of vowels before sonor consonant combinations, the stretching of vowels as a result of the fall of the next consonant. First and second consonant shifts. 9

The Morphology. Morphology of Roman-German languages. Grammatical categories of the noun: gender, number, conjugation. An ancient classification of nouns on the basis of internal and external flexion. Morphological structure of a word. Change of vowels in the root through internal flexion. External flexion.Sound exchange without flexion 10 The Adjective, pronoun and number in Old german and Roman languages. Two types of typology of adjective: strong and weak typology, emergence of its typology. Strong and weak variation. Grammatical categories: person and number. Counting and ordinal numbers. Occurrence of show pronouns. Cordinal number. Numeral number. Strong and weak verbs. Morphological features of preterit-present verbs. Suplective verbs. The main grammatical categories of the verb. The problem of the analytic form of the verb. Ratio category. 11 The Modern English period. Phonetics and Lexicology. Early modern English.Vowel and Consonant system. Pronunciation rules. Vocabulary stock of the English language. Root and borrowed words. Productive and non-productive types of wordformation/Grammatical structure of Modern English. The Post Modern English. Modern English dialects. English varieties. British and American English. International English.

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