International Medical Index Channel

Lumbar spinal stenosis Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a lumbar spinal stenosis L4-L5. L4-L5 antherolisthesis of grade I. Hypertrophy of interspinous ligaments in relation to Baastrup's disease.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS), also known as encephalomyelitis disseminata, is the most common demyelinating disease, in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to transmit signals, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems. Specific symptoms can include double vision, blindness in one eye, muscle weakness, and trouble with sensation or coordination. MS takes several forms, with new symptoms either occurring in isolated attacks (relapsing forms) or building up over time (progressive forms). Between attacks, symptoms may disappear completely, although permanent neurological problems often remain, especially as the disease advances.

A gallbladder with multiple gallstones

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The fundus of the eye is the interior surface of the eye opposite the lens and includes the retina, optic disc, macula, fovea, and posterior pole. Ophthalmoscopy, also called funduscopy, is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope (or funduscope). It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination. It is crucial in determining the health of the retina, optic disc, and vitreous humor. Fundus photography involves photographing the rear of an eye, also known as the fundus. Specialized fundus cameras consisting of an intricate microscope attached to a flash enabled camera are used in fundus photography. The main structures that can be visualized on a fundus photo are the central and peripheral retina, optic disc and macula. The models and technology of fundus photography have advanced and evolved rapidly over the last century. https://t.me/joinchat/AAAAAERrDUk_Hcbc558Svg

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Spina bifida is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele

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Lamellar ichthyosis, also known as ichthyosis lamellaris and nonbullous congenital ichthyosis, is a rare inherited skin disorder. Affected babies are born in a collodion membrane, a shiny, waxy-appearing outer layer to the skin. This is shed 10–14 days after birth, revealing the main symptom of the disease, extensive scaling of the skin caused by hyperkeratosis. With increasing age, the scaling tends to be concentrated around joints in areas such as the groin, the armpits, the inside of the elbow and the neck. Ichthyosis lamellaris has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.

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Cervical spinal cord This is a ventral view of the cervical spinal cord with the dura incised to reveal the ventral roots and the anterior spinal artery. The pial layer is closely adherent to the surface of the spinal cord and can not be separated from the underlying spinal tissue. However, on the lateral margins of the spinal cord the pial layer extends outward as the denticulate ligament. #medical #anatomy #spinalcord #science #neurology #medicalstudent #doctor

Bacteria display many cell morphologies and arrangements Most bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci, or rod shaped, called bacilli. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma shaped; others can be spiral shaped, called spirilla, or tightly coiled, called spirochaetes. A small number of other unusual shapes have been described, such as star-shaped bacteria. This wide variety of shapes is determined by the bacterial cell wall and cytoskeleton, and is important because it can influence the ability of bacteria to acquire nutrients, attach to surfaces, swim through liquids and escape predators. Most bacterial species exist simply as single cells; others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria forms diploids (pairs), streptococci form chains, and staphylococci group together in "bunch of grapes" clusters.

Normal transthoracic echocardiography (Four chamber view) RV = right ventricle LV = left ventricle RA = right atrium LA = left atrium IVS = interventricular septum TVSL = tricuspid valve septal leaflet TVAL = tricuspid valve anterior leaflet MVAL = mitral valve anterior leaflet MVPL = mitral valve posterior leaflet IAS = interatrial septum LIPV = left inferior pulmonic vein RSPV = right superior pulmonic vein

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A tumor marker is a biomarker found in blood, urine or body tissues that can be elevated by the presence of one or more types of cancer. There are many different tumor markers, each indicative of a particular disease process, and they are used in oncology to help detect the presence of cancer. An elevated level of a tumor marker can indicate cancer; however, there can also be other causes of elevated level of a tumor marker. Tumor markers can be produced directly by the tumor or by non-tumor cells as a response to the presence of a tumor.

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Normal sinus rhythm (NSR) vs. abnormal heart rhythms

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