en
Feedback
๐ŸŒนโ€ุฅูู†ูŽู‘ ุฑูŽุจูู‘ูŠ ู„ูŽุณูŽู…ููŠุนู ุงู„ุฏูู‘ุนูŽุงุกู๐ŸŒน

๐ŸŒนโ€ุฅูู†ูŽู‘ ุฑูŽุจูู‘ูŠ ู„ูŽุณูŽู…ููŠุนู ุงู„ุฏูู‘ุนูŽุงุกู๐ŸŒน

Open in Telegram

๐ŸŒนุตู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู„ู€ู€ู€ูˆุง ุน ู†ู€ู€ุจู€ู€ูŠู†ุง ู…ู€ู€ุญู€ู€ู…ู€ู€ุฏ๐ŸŒน ุฅู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑู‰ ุชู†ูุน ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู† @Thirdstagedentistrybot

Show more
2 054
Subscribers
-224 hours
-77 days
-2730 days
Posts Archive
โฉSteps of Class II cavity preparation ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุชุจุน ูƒู„ุงุณ 2 ๐ŸŸกFirst, we do class I cavity preparation on the occlusal surface applying all Black's principles of cavity preparation, because it gives us vision and proximity to reach caries in the proximal contact area. ุงูˆู„ ุดุบู„ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุงู†ูˆ ุงุญูุฑ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงุทุจุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ุณูˆูŠุช ุจูƒู„ุงุณ 1 ุจุญูŠุซ ุงุทุจู‚ ุทู„ ุงู„pricipal ู…ุงู„ ูƒู„ุงุณ 1 ูˆู‡ูŠุง โฌ‡๏ธ #Pulpal wallโžก๏ธ flat ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู…ุณุทุญ #Buccal / lingual wallโžก๏ธconvergence towards the occlusal opening ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจู‡ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงุทุจุงู‚ูŠ #Mesial /Distal wallโžก๏ธslightly diverged ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุจุงุนุฏู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ุงูˆ ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠู‡ ุฒูŠู† ู„ูˆูŠุด ู†ุณูˆูŠ ู‡ู„ุดูƒู„ ุŸ ู„ูˆูŠุด ู†ุณูˆูŠ ูƒู„ุงุณ 1 ุจุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠู‡ ุŸ ู„ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ุงุณ 1 ุฑุงุญ ูŠู†ุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุงุดุงุฑู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฏู„ูŠู„ ุงู†ูˆ ุงูƒูˆ caries ูˆู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุณุชู…ุฑ ุจู„ ุญูุฑ ุงู„ุญุฏ contact area ูˆู†ูุชุญู‡ุง ูˆุจู‡ู„ ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ proximal

#ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ โฉTheย axial wallย should be parallel with the long axis of the tooth, and conform to theย shapeย of the external surface bucco-lingually. ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† axial wall ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠู‹ุง ู„ู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ ู„ู„ุณู† ุŒ ูˆุฃู† ูŠุชูˆุงูู‚ ู…ุน ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุณู† bucco-lingually .

Common Mistakes ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุงุก ุงู„ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุชุฌูˆูŠู ู…ู† class2 ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูุชุญู†ู‡ ุงู„contact area ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุชุฌุงูˆุฑู‡ ุฑุงุญ ู†ุจุฏูŠ ู†ุญูุฑ ูˆู†ุจุฏูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงุทุจุงู‚ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏ ู†ุดูˆู ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ูŠูˆุตู„ ู…ู† proximal surface ูˆุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุฑุงุญ ู†ุญูุฑ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุฎู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ enamel rod ูˆู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู‡ ูˆุจุฒุงูˆูŠู‡ 90 ุงู„ุดุบู„ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู‡ุง ู„ุงู† ุจู‡ู„ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ enamel rod ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู‡ ูุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ #ุจุฒุงูˆูŠู‡ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 90 ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Excess flare ูˆุฑุงุญ ุชุณุจุจ ู‡ูˆุงูŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู†ูˆ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† retention form ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุซุจุงุชูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู + ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ู…ู„ุงุกู…ุฉ ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู + ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ุงุฐุง ุฌุงู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงูุงุช ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ู„ุงู† ู…ุง ุนุฏู‡ุง ู‚ูˆู‡ ูƒุงููŠู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุชู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ #ุงูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุจุฒุงูˆูŠู‡ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† 90 ู‡ู„ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงุณู…ูŠู‡ุง lack of flare ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู… ุญูŠุณุจุจ ู‡ูˆุงูŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฑุงุญ ุชูƒูˆู† enamel rod ู…ูˆ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฑุงุญ ูŠุฎู„ู‚ enamel rod ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ู‡ +ูˆุฑุงุญ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ู‡ ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ู„ู„ูƒุณุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุงูุงุช

ุงู„ proximal outline ู…ู† ุงุฌูŠ ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงุญูุฑู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุฎู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูŠ ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ูˆู‡ูŠุง ุงู„ุงู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ู…ุงู„ external outline ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„wall ู…ุงู„ ุจูˆูƒู„ ูˆู„ู†ูƒูˆู„
ุงู„ proximal outline ู…ู† ุงุฌูŠ ุงุฑูŠุฏ ุงุญูุฑู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุฎู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูŠ ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ูˆู‡ูŠุง ุงู„ุงู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ู…ุงู„ external outline ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„wall ู…ุงู„ ุจูˆูƒู„ ูˆู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุฒูŠู„ ูˆุงู„ุฏุฒุชู„ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ู…ุงู„ุชู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุถู…ู† ูƒู„ ู„ู„ุชุณูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุณู† ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูู‡ ุงู†ูˆ ุฌุชู‰ ุงูƒุฏุฑ ุงุญุฏุฏ ุนู…ู‚ ุงู„ุณู† ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู…ุดูŠ ูˆุฑู‡ ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ูˆุงุดูˆูู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ู†ูˆ ูŠูˆุตู„ ูˆุจู‡ู„ ุญุงู„ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุดูŠู„ contact arae ูˆู‡ูŠุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุชุฌุงูˆุฑู‡ ุงู…ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจู‡ ู„ู„proximal wall ูู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุญูุฑ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ุงู†ุฌุงู‡ enamel rod

Occlusal outline form (occlusal step) ุชุฎุทูŠุท ุงู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ุงู„cavity ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงุทุจุงู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ูƒู„ุงุณ 2 ูŠุดุจู‡ ูƒู„ุงุณ 1 ........ ุฑุงุญ ุงุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ุจู„ outline ู…ุงู„ ูƒู„ุงุณ 1 ูˆู‡ูŠุง ุงู†ูˆ #Pulpal wallโžก๏ธ flat ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู…ุณุทุญ #Buccal / lingual wallโžก๏ธconvergence towards the occlusal opening ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจู‡ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงุทุจุงู‚ูŠ #Mesial /Distal wallโžก๏ธslightly diverged ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุจุงุนุฏู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ุงูˆ ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู†ูŠ ูƒูˆู„ู‡ู… ู‡ู…ุง outline ู…ุงู„ cavity ู„ู„ูƒู„ุงุณ 1 ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุญู†ุชุจุนู‡ู… ู…ู† ู†ุณูˆูŠ ูƒู„ุงุณ 2 ุนุฏุง ุดุบู„ู‡ ูˆุญุฏู‡ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุงู†ูˆ ูƒู„ุงุณ 2 ุฑุงุญ ูŠู…ุชุฏ ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ุจูŠ ู„ู„ุฌูˆุงู†ุจ ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู† proximal The occlusal outline form of a Class II tooth preparation for amalgam is similar to that for the Class I tooth preparation. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠูƒูˆู„ูŠ ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠู‡ ู„ู„ cavity ุฑุงุญ ุชู…ุชุฏ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ proximal ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ุงู„ูŠ ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู„ proximal surface (s). the external outline is extended proximally toward defective proximal surface (s). ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู…ุงู„ occlusal outline f ุนู†ุฏ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุงู„proximal box ุฑุงุญ ูŠุชู… ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุงุณ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ุงู„ bucco-lingual ูˆุจุงู„ุงุถุงูู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ุดูˆู ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุตู„ The occlusal outline form in the region of the proximal box is determined primarily by the bucco-lingual position of the contact and the extent of the carious lesion.

ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู‡ู… ุฑุงุญ ู†ุงุฎุฐ ู…ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุญู„ูˆู‡ ูˆู‡ูŠุง ุงู†ูˆ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ูˆุตุงูŠุฑู‡ ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู‡ุฉ proximal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ูˆ ู‡ูˆุงูŠ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูู‡ ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ุธุงูู‡ ุงู„ูู… ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ ูˆู…ู‡ุชู… ุจูŠู‡ุง ูุง ุจู‡ู„ ุญุงู„ู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุฏู‡ุง ุงุฌุฑุงุฆุงุช ูˆู‚ุฆุงูŠู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ูุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠุดู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ูู‚ุท proximal ุจูŠ ุชุณูˆุณ ูุง ุฑุงุญ ุงุณูˆูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ูŠุดุจู‡ ุงู„ุจูˆูƒุณ Nowadays , if the patient with low caries index and has a good oral hygiene , in countries with high preventive measures , in this case , class II cavity could include only the proximal surface which is called "box design" and do enameloplasty to the non- coalesced pits in the occlusal surface.

ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน ูƒู„ุงุณ 2 ู‡ูŠุง ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ contact area ุงู„ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุณู† ูˆุณู† ูˆู‡ู„ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ู„ุงู† ู…ู†ูƒุฏุฑ ู†ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ูุฑุดุงู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุง ูˆุชู†ุธูŠูู‡ุง ุตุนุจ ูƒูˆู„ุด ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุญูŠุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ุงูƒู„ ุจูŠู‡ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุญูŠุณุจุจ ุจุชุณูˆุณ ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† Usually caries occur in the contact area, because of difficulty to clean this area by dental brush, this leads to food accumulation, and development of caries. ู‡ู†ุงูŠู‡ ุจู‡ู„ ูู‚ุฑู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ู…ู„ุงุญุธู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑู‡ ูˆู‡ูŠุง ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ proximal ูˆู…ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ occlusal ุจู‡ู„ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุดุณูˆูŠ ุŸ ู‡ู†ุงูŠู‡ ุตุญ ุงู„occlusal ู…ุง ุจูŠ ุชุณูˆุณ ุจุณ ุงู„ุงู…ุชุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ูŠ ูŠูˆูุฑ ูˆู‚ุงูŠู‡ ู„ู„ุณู† ูˆูŠุญุงูุธ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู„ูŠ ูŠุงุจู‡ ุงุญูุฑูŠ occlusal ุญุชู‰ ุจุงุฌุฑ ุนูƒุจู‡ ู…ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠ ุชุณูˆุณ ูˆู†ุฑุฌุนู„ู‡ ูุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุดูŠู„ ูƒู„ pit and fissure ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงุทุจุงู‚ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจุงู„ุงุถุงูู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ proximal Even if the carious lesion is present only in proximal surface and does not involve the occlusal surface, the โ€œextension for preventionโ€ concept requires that the class II cavity should include all pits and fissures in the occlusal surface in addition to the proximal surface.

Class II Cavity Preparation for Amalgam ูƒู„ุงุณ2 case ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณุงุช ูˆู‡ูˆ class 2 ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงุณ ูŠุตูŠุจ ุณุทุญูŠู† 2surfaceูˆู‡ูŠุง ุงู„ุงุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงุทุจุงู‚ูŠู‡ occlusal ูˆุงู„ุงุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑู‡ ู‡ูŠุง proximal ูŠุนู†ูŠ mesial ูˆ distal ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ุงู„ู‡ ุงุณู… ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ Smooth surface caries ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠู‡ ูู‚ุท posterior teeth ูˆู‡ูŠ molar ูˆ premolar ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ proximal +occlusal ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุชูƒูˆู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ mesial + occlusal ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุง MO ูˆุงุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ occlusal +distal ูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุง DO ูˆุงุฐุง ุจูŠู‡ู… ูƒูˆู„ู‡ู… ูุง ุงุณู…ู‡ MOD /DOM carious lesion involving the proximal surface of the premolars or molars requires a class II cavity preparation, this could be either MO, DO or MOD.

ุชู€ู€ู€ุญู€ู€ุถู€ู€ูŠุฑ ูƒู„ุงุณ2 ู„ู„ุงู…ู€ู€ู„ู€ู€ุบู€ู€ู… ๐Ÿ‘‡

#Amalgam Tattoo โ—พ Amalgam Tattoo: Ever notice a small blue-gray โ€œstainโ€ in a soft part of your mouth after dental work Called amalgam tattoos, The deposition occurs after a number of different dental procedures that include diffusion through soft tissues from root-end fillings, accidental deposition of fine metallic particles into the gingiva by high-speed drills, accidental abrasion of the mucosa by high-speed rotary instruments, or deposition of amalgam scraps left behind during extraction โ—พTratment: amalgam tattoos was originally limited to surgery with grafting of mucosa or gingiva over the previous site of the tattoo. * if the blue-gray spot grows or changes color, there is a good possibility it may not be an amalgam tattoo. โ—พ ูˆุดู… ุงู„ุงู…ู„ุบู…: ู‡ู„ ู„ุงุญุธุช ูŠูˆู…ุงู‹ โ€œุชุตุจุบโ€ ุงุฒุฑู‚ ุฑู…ุงุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุฌ ุงู„ูู… ุจุฌูˆุงุฑ ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุญุดูˆุฉ! ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงูุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ ุจ ูˆุดู… ุงู„ุงู…ู„ุบู…. ุงู„ุชุฑุณุจ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุจุนุฏ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุฌุฑุงุกุงุช ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุชุถู…ู† ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุตุจุบ ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณุฌ, ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ูŠุญุฏุซ ุจุณุจุจ ุชูˆุถุน ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ุงู„ุงู…ู„ุบู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ุซุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุชูˆุฑุจูŠู† ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ. ุงุฎุชุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทูŠุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ุญูุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฑุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ, ุงูˆ ุชุฑูƒ ุฌุฒูŠุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุญุดูˆุฉ ุงู„ุงู…ู„ุบู… ุจุนุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ุน ู„ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู†. โ—พุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ: ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆุดู… ุงู„ุงู…ู„ุบู… ูŠุชู… ุฌุฑุงุญูŠุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุชุทุนูŠู… ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ู„ุซูˆูŠ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆุดู… ุงู„ุงู…ู„ุบู…. ุงู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฒุฑู‚ุงุก ุงู„ุฑู…ุงุฏูŠุฉ ูŠุฒุฏุงุฏ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุงูˆ ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง, ูู‡ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุดู… ุงู…ู„ุบู… ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุดูŠุก ุงุฎุฑ