Stocks, Crypto & Exchange
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📰 Know what you own, and know why you own it. 🤝 ~ Peter Lynch | @Exchange
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📈 Analytical overview of Telegram channel Stocks, Crypto & Exchange
Channel Stocks, Crypto & Exchange in the English language segment is an active participant. Currently, the community unites 34 971 subscribers, ranking 6 824 in the Economy & Finance category.
📊 Audience metrics and dynamics
Since its creation on невідомо, the project has demonstrated rapid growth, gathering an audience of 34 971 subscribers.
According to the latest data from 08 September, 2024, the channel demonstrates stable activity. Although there has been a change in the number of participants by 0 over the last 30 days and by 0 over the last 24 hours, overall reach remains high.
- Verification status: Not verified
- Engagement rate (ER): The average audience engagement rate is 0%. Within the first 24 hours after publication, content typically collects N/A% reactions from the total number of subscribers.
- Post reach: On average, each post receives 0 views. Within the first day, a publication typically gains 0 views.
- Reactions and interaction: The audience actively supports content: the average number of reactions per post is 0.
📝 Description and content policy
The author describes the resource as a platform for expressing subjective opinions:
“📰 Know what you own, and know why you own it. 🤝
~ Peter Lynch | @Exchange”
Thanks to the high frequency of updates (latest data received on 09 September, 2024), the channel maintains relevance and a high level of publication reach. Analytics show that the audience actively interacts with content, making it an important point of influence in the Economy & Finance category.
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Posts Archive
🔵 WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE OF MONEY LAUNDERING❓
▶️ Say that cash has been earned illegally from selling drugs, and the drug dealer wishes to buy a new car with the proceeds. Because it is difficult and suspicious to try to purchase a vehicle entirely in cash, the dealer needs to launder the money to have it appear legitimate. The drug dealer also owns a small laundromat, a highly cash-intensive business. The cash from the drug deal is mingled with the laundromat's cash and then taken to a bank for deposit. Then, drawing a check from the laundromat's account, the dealer is able to buy the car without suspicion.
▶️ Another common form of money laundering in casinos is to buy chips from the casino with cash, and to receive checks in return for the chips from the casino, often without gambling at all or placing minimal bets.
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🔵 HOW TO PREVENT MONEY LAUNDERING❓
▶️ Governments around the world have stepped up their efforts to combat money laundering in recent decades, with regulations that require financial institutions to put systems in place to detect and report suspicious activity. The amount of money involved is substantial. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, global money-laundering transactions account for roughly $800 billion to $2 trillion annually, or some 2% to 5% of global gross domestic product (GDP), although it is difficult to estimate the total amount due to the clandestine nature of money laundering.
▶️ In 1989, the Group of Seven (G-7) formed an international committee called the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in an attempt to fight money laundering on an international scale. In the early 2000s, its purview was expanded to combating the financing of terrorism.
▶️ The United States passed the Bank Secrecy Act in 1970, requiring financial institutions to report certain transactions, such as cash transactions above $10,000 or any others that they deem suspicious, on a suspicious activity report (SAR) to the Department of the Treasury.
▶️ The information that the banks provide to the Treasury Department is used by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), which can share it with domestic criminal investigators, international bodies, or foreign financial intelligence units.
▶️ While these laws were helpful in tracking criminal activity, money laundering itself wasn’t made illegal in the United States until 1986, with the passage of the Money Laundering Control Act.
▶️ Shortly after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the USA Patriot Act expanded money-laundering efforts by allowing investigative tools designed for the prevention of organized crime and drug trafficking to be used in terrorist investigations.
▶️ The Association of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists (ACAMS) offers a professional designation known as a Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist (CAMS). Individuals who earn CAMS certification may work as brokerage compliance managers, Bank Secrecy Act officers, financial intelligence unit managers, surveillance analysts, and financial crimes investigative analysts.
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🔵 WHAT IS ELECTRONIC MONEY LAUNDERING❓
▶️ The Internet has put a new spin on the old crime. The rise of online banking institutions, anonymous online payment services, and peer-to-peer (P2P) transfers with mobile phones have made detecting the illegal transfer of money even more difficult. Moreover, the use of proxy servers and anonymizing software makes the third component of money laundering, integration, almost impossible to detect—money can be transferred or withdrawn with little or no trace of an Internet protocol (IP) address.
▶️ Money also can be laundered through online auctions and sales, gambling websites, and virtual gaming sites, where ill-gotten money is converted into gaming currency, then back into real, usable, and untraceable “clean” money.
▶️ The newest frontier of money laundering involves cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin. While not totally anonymous, they are increasingly being used in blackmail schemes, the drug trade, and other criminal activities due to their relative anonymity compared with more conventional forms of currency.
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🔵 VARIANTS OF MONEY LAUNDERING
▶️ One common form of money laundering is called smurfing (also known as “structuring”). This is where the criminal breaks up large chunks of cash into multiple small deposits, often spreading them over many different accounts, to avoid detection. Money laundering can also be accomplished through the use of currency exchanges, wire transfers, and “mules”—cash smugglers, who sneak large amounts of cash across borders and deposit them in foreign accounts, where money-laundering enforcement is less strict.
▶️ Other money-laundering methods include:
🟢 Investing in commodities such as gems and gold that can be moved easily to other jurisdictions;
🟢 Discreetly investing in and selling valuable assets such as real estate, cars, and boats;
🟢 Gambling and laundering money at casinos;
🟢 Counterfeiting; and
🟢 Using shell companies (inactive companies or corporations that essentially exist on paper only).
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🔵 HOW MONEY LAUNDERING WORKS❓
▶️ Money laundering is essential for criminal organizations that wish to use illegally obtained money effectively. Dealing in large amounts of illegal cash is inefficient and dangerous. Criminals need a way to deposit the money in legitimate financial institutions, yet they can only do so if it appears to come from legitimate sources.
▶️ The process of laundering money typically involves three steps: placement, layering, and integration.
🟢 *Placement* surreptitiously injects the “dirty money” into the legitimate financial system.
�� *Layering* conceals the source of the money through a series of transactions and bookkeeping tricks.
🟢 In the final step, *integration*, the now-laundered money is withdrawn from the legitimate account to be used for whatever purposes the criminals have in mind for it.
▶️ Note that in real-life situations, this template may differ. Money laundering may not involve all three stages, or some stages could be combined or repeated several times.
▶️ There are many ways to launder money, from the simple to the very complex. One of the most common techniques is to use a legitimate, cash-based business owned by a criminal organization. For example, if the organization owns a restaurant, it might inflate the daily cash receipts to funnel illegal cash through the restaurant and into the restaurant’s bank account. After that, the funds can be withdrawn as needed. These types of businesses are often referred to as “fronts.”
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🔵 WHAT IS MONEY LAUNDERING❓
▶️ Money laundering is the illegal process of making large amounts of money generated by criminal activity, such as drug trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to have come from a legitimate source. The money from the criminal activity is considered dirty, and the process “launders” it to make it look clean.
▶️ Money laundering is a serious financial crime that is employed by white-collar and street-level criminals alike.
▶️ Most financial companies today have anti-money-laundering (AML) policies in place to detect and prevent this activity.
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🔵 WHAT IS RACKETEERING❓
▶️ The term racketeering broadly refers to criminal acts, typically those involving extortion, that involve a "racket". A racket, being some sort of scheme organized to extract illegal profits. It is usually used in reference to patterns of illegal activity specified in the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). This is a U.S. federal law that makes it illegal to acquire or control a business through certain crimes or income from those crimes. It is also illegal to participate, even indirectly, in certain crimes committed by a business or to conspire to do any of the above under the act.
▶️ The list of federal crimes specified in RICO includes bribery, fraud, gambling offenses, money laundering, financial and economic crimes, obstructing justice or a criminal investigation, and murder for hire. At the state level, racketeering can include crimes such as murder, kidnapping, gambling, arson, robbery, bribery, extortion, dealing in obscene matter, and drug crimes, as long as they align with the "generic definition of the state offense referenced at the time RICO was enacted."
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🔵 EXAMPLE OF MISAPPROPRIATION THEORY
▶️ Misappropriation theory gained prominence in the Supreme Court's conviction of James H. O'Hagan. An attorney, O'Hagan acted on insider information regarding a takeover bid for the Pillsbury Corporation. The United States versus O'Hagan was a watershed case for the theory.
▶️ Misappropriation theory applied to the insider trading case of Carl Reiter, a real estate developer in the 1980s. While golfing with friends, Reiter was advised to buy stock in the drug store chain, Revco Drug Stores. The friend provided inside knowledge of an upcoming merger that would be profitable for investors. Reiter followed his friend’s advice, bought the stock, and garnered a profit of $2,625 by selling his shares when the friend’s tip proved correct.
▶️ Without further involvement in the Revco company, Reiter was unaware that he had participated in illegal insider trading. Two years later, Reiter and his fellow friends, all of who used the nonpublic information, were charged with insider trading under the misappropriation theory. They had received information from someone who disclosed nonpublic information. Reiter was required to discharge his profits from the illegal investment and was fined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
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🔵 UNDERSTANDING MISAPPROPRIATION THEORY
▶️ Misappropriation theory differs from the classical theory of insider trading. The classical theory targets a corporate insider's breach of duty to shareholders with whom the insider transacts. The insider may be an employee, director, or officer of the company.
▶️ On the other hand, misappropriation theory outlaws trading by a corporate outsider who receives nonpublic information. When an outsider receives classified or insider information about a company and uses the information to trade, misappropriation has occurred. The outsider has betrayed the trust of the source, most likely a corporate insider.
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