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اي شي عشوائي يفيد ✌️ اي شي تحبون تشاركوه مع او بدون اسم @dohayarub ادعوا لي و للادمن البنات بالتوفيق
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A
هذا في حالة عدنا شي جبير متكدر الخلية تسويله engulfing
فحنحتاج antibodies
تسوي attack عليه
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👑 Q1
Which immune response is MOST important against intracellular protozoa such as Leishmania and Toxoplasma?
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خلصت المحاضرة حدز MCQs و شغلات مهمة ركزوا عليها
و المحاضرة رجعوا راجعوها ضروري لان مهمة جدا
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مهمات
🪽 Sequestration → Tapeworm (Hydatid cyst)
🔹Hides inside a cyst → immune system cannot reach it.
🪽 Disguise → Schistosoma
🔹Covers itself with host proteins (HLA, blood group antigens) → looks like “self.”
🪽 Antigenic variation → African Trypanosome
🔹Changes its VSG coat repeatedly → antibodies made today become useless tomorrow.
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اطلعوا عليها
🔹Schistosomes, Trichinella spiralis, filarial worms
→ ADCC
🔹Plasmodium/Toxoplasma/T. cruzi
→ Neutralization
🔹Plasmodium/Trypanosome
→ Opsonization
🔹Trypanosome + complement
→ Lysis
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👑 Protozoa only
Extracellular Protozoa🔹Examples: 🪽 Entamoeba 🪽 Giardia 🪽 Trichomonas 🔹Mechanism: 🪽 Parasite stays outside cells → Antibodies (IgG) bind it → Complement helps → Opsonization + phagocytosis → Parasite killed
Intracellular Protozoa🔹Examples: 🪽 Plasmodium 🪽 Trypanosoma 🪽 Leishmania 🪽 Toxoplasma 🔹Mechanism: 🪽 Parasite hides inside macrophages/cells → TH1 activated → IFN-γ + TNF released → Macrophage activated → Parasite killed + 🪽 CD8 T cells
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Intracellular protozoa
حفظوها بطل مي بطل خارق بكيفكمPTTL بطل Plasmodium Trypanosoma Toxoplasma Leishmania
