ch
Feedback
C Programming Language || Hands On Coding

C Programming Language || Hands On Coding

前往频道在 Telegram

Hands-on C programming language challenges for beginners. Learn building logic by solving programs. Owner: @Pradeep_saii

显示更多

📈 Telegram 频道 C Programming Language || Hands On Coding 的分析概览

频道 C Programming Language || Hands On Coding (@c_programming_language_coding) 英语 语言赛道中的 是活跃参与者。目前社区聚集了 12 824 名订阅者,在 技术与应用 类别中位列第 9 562,并在 印度 地区排名第 31 207

📊 受众指标与增长动态

невідомо 创建以来,项目保持高速增长,吸引了 12 824 名订阅者。

根据 26 八月, 2026 的最新数据,频道保持稳定运转。过去 30 天订阅人数变化为 -210,过去 24 小时变化为 -2,整体触达仍然可观。

  • 认证状态: 未认证
  • 互动率 (ER): 平均受众互动率为 12.56%。内容发布后 24 小时内通常能获得 2.42% 的反应,占订阅者总量。
  • 帖子覆盖: 每篇帖子平均可获得 1 612 次浏览,首日通常累积 310 次浏览。
  • 互动与反馈: 受众积极参与,单帖平均反应数为 4
  • 主题关注点: 内容集中在 input, string, scanf("%d, array, element 等核心主题上。

📝 描述与内容策略

作者将该频道定位为表达主观观点的平台:
Hands-on C programming language challenges for beginners. Learn building logic by solving programs. Owner: @Pradeep_saii

凭借高频更新(最新数据采集于 27 八月, 2026),频道始终保持新鲜度与高覆盖。分析显示受众积极互动,使其成为 技术与应用 类别中的关键影响点。

12 824
订阅者
-224 小时
-357
-21030
帖子存档
💻 Check for Balanced Brackets
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_SIZE 100

typedef struct {
    char data[MAX_SIZE];
    int top;
} Stack;

void initialize(Stack *stack) {
    stack->top = -1;
}

int isEmpty(Stack *stack) {
    return stack->top == -1;
}

int isFull(Stack *stack) {
    return stack->top == MAX_SIZE - 1;
}

void push(Stack *stack, char c) {
    if (!isFull(stack)) {
        stack->data[++stack->top] = c;
    }
}

char pop(Stack *stack) {
    if (!isEmpty(stack)) {
        return stack->data[stack->top--];
    }
    return '0';
}

int isMatchingPair(char character1, char character2) {
    if (character1 == '(' && character2 == ')')
        return 1;
    else if (character1 == '{' && character2 == '}')
        return 1;
    else if (character1 == '[' && character2 == ']')
        return 1;
    else
        return 0;
}

int isBalanced(char *expression) {
    Stack stack;
    initialize(&stack);
    int i;
    for (i = 0; expression[i]; i++) {
        if (expression[i] == '(' || expression[i] == '{' || expression[i] == '[')
            push(&stack, expression[i]);
        if (expression[i] == ')' || expression[i] == '}' || expression[i] == ']') {
            if (isEmpty(&stack))
                return 0;
            char top = pop(&stack);
            if (!isMatchingPair(top, expression[i]))
                return 0;
        }
    }
    return isEmpty(&stack);
}

int main() {
    char expression[MAX_SIZE];

    printf("Enter an expression: ");
    scanf("%s", expression);

    if (isBalanced(expression))
        printf("Balancedn");
    else
        printf("Not Balancedn");

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Input: {([])}
Output: Balanced

Input: ([)]
Output: Not Balanced

Input: ((
Output: Not Balanced

Input: ))
Output: Not Balanced

Input: abc
Output: Balanced

Input: {a[b(c)d]e}
Output: Balanced

Input: {a[b(c)d]e
Output: Not Balanced

💻 Check for Balanced Parentheses
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_SIZE 100

struct Stack {
    int top;
    char items[MAX_SIZE];
};

void initialize(struct Stack *s) {
    s->top = -1;
}

int isEmpty(struct Stack *s) {
    return (s->top == -1);
}

int isFull(struct Stack *s) {
    return (s->top == MAX_SIZE - 1);
}

void push(struct Stack *s, char c) {
    if (isFull(s)) {
        printf("Stack Overflow n");
        return;
    }
    s->items[++(s->top)] = c;
}

char pop(struct Stack *s) {
    if (isEmpty(s)) {
        return '0';
    }
    return s->items[(s->top)--];
}

int isMatchingPair(char character1, char character2) {
    if (character1 == '(' && character2 == ')')
        return 1;
    else if (character1 == '{' && character2 == '}')
        return 1;
    else if (character1 == '[' && character2 == ']')
        return 1;
    else
        return 0;
}

int isBalanced(char exp[]) {
    struct Stack s;
    initialize(&s);

    for (int i = 0; exp[i]; i++) {
        if (exp[i] == '(' || exp[i] == '{' || exp[i] == '[')
            push(&s, exp[i]);

        if (exp[i] == ')' || exp[i] == '}' || exp[i] == ']') {
            if (isEmpty(&s))
                return 0;

            char top = pop(&s);
            if (!isMatchingPair(top, exp[i]))
                return 0;
        }
    }

    return (isEmpty(&s) ? 1 : 0);
}

int main() {
    char exp[MAX_SIZE];

    printf("Enter an expression: ");
    scanf("%s", exp);

    if (isBalanced(exp))
        printf("Balanced n");
    else
        printf("Not Balanced n");

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Input: {([])}
Output: Balanced

Input: ([)]
Output: Not Balanced

Input: ((
Output: Not Balanced

Input: ))
Output: Not Balanced

Input: abc
Output: Balanced

Input: {[()]}
Output: Balanced

💻 Implement Stack Using Linked List
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Node {
  int data;
  struct Node *next;
};

struct Node *top = NULL;

void push(int value) {
  struct Node *newNode = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
  if (newNode == NULL) {
    printf("Stack Overflown");
    return;
  }
  newNode->data = value;
  newNode->next = top;
  top = newNode;
  printf("%d pushed to stackn", value);
}

void pop() {
  if (top == NULL) {
    printf("Stack Underflown");
    return;
  }
  struct Node *temp = top;
  top = top->next;
  printf("%d popped from stackn", temp->data);
  free(temp);
}

void peek() {
  if (top == NULL) {
    printf("Stack is emptyn");
    return;
  }
  printf("Top element is %dn", top->data);
}

int isEmpty() {
  return top == NULL;
}

int main() {
  int choice, value;

  while (1) {
    printf("nStack Operations:n");
    printf("1. Pushn");
    printf("2. Popn");
    printf("3. Peekn");
    printf("4. IsEmptyn");
    printf("5. Exitn");
    printf("Enter your choice: ");
    scanf("%d", &choice);

    switch (choice) {
      case 1:
        printf("Enter value to push: ");
        scanf("%d", &value);
        push(value);
        break;
      case 2:
        pop();
        break;
      case 3:
        peek();
        break;
      case 4:
        if (isEmpty())
          printf("Stack is emptyn");
        else
          printf("Stack is not emptyn");
        break;
      case 5:
        exit(0);
      default:
        printf("Invalid choicen");
    }
  }

  return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Input: 10
Enter value to push: 10
Output: 10 pushed to stack

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Input: 20
Enter value to push: 20
Output: 20 pushed to stack

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 3
Output: Top element is 20

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Output: 20 popped from stack

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 4
Output: Stack is not empty

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Output: 10 popped from stack

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 4
Output: Stack is empty

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Output: Stack Underflow

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: 5

💻 Implement Stack Using Array
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define MAX_SIZE 100

int stack[MAX_SIZE];
int top = -1;

void push(int value) {
  if (top >= MAX_SIZE - 1) {
    printf("Stack Overflown");
    return;
  }
  top++;
  stack[top] = value;
  printf("%d pushed to stackn", value);
}

void pop() {
  if (top == -1) {
    printf("Stack Underflown");
    return;
  }
  printf("%d popped from stackn", stack[top]);
  top--;
}

void peek() {
  if (top == -1) {
    printf("Stack is emptyn");
    return;
  }
  printf("Top element is %dn", stack[top]);
}

int isEmpty() {
  return top == -1;
}

int main() {
  int choice, value;

  while (1) {
    printf("nStack Operations:n");
    printf("1. Pushn");
    printf("2. Popn");
    printf("3. Peekn");
    printf("4. IsEmptyn");
    printf("5. Exitn");
    printf("Enter your choice: ");
    scanf("%d", &choice);

    switch (choice) {
      case 1:
        printf("Enter value to push: ");
        scanf("%d", &value);
        push(value);
        break;
      case 2:
        pop();
        break;
      case 3:
        peek();
        break;
      case 4:
        if (isEmpty()) {
          printf("Stack is emptyn");
        } else {
          printf("Stack is not emptyn");
        }
        break;
      case 5:
        exit(0);
      default:
        printf("Invalid choicen");
    }
  }

  return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: Input: 1
Enter value to push: Input: 10
10 pushed to stack

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: Input: 1
Enter value to push: Input: 20
20 pushed to stack

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: Input: 3
Top element is 20

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: Input: 4
Stack is not empty

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: Input: 2
20 popped from stack

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: Input: 2
10 popped from stack

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: Input: 2
Stack Underflow

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: Input: 4
Stack is empty

Stack Operations:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Peek
4. IsEmpty
5. Exit
Enter your choice: Input: 5

🔧 Data Structures - Stack

💻 Command Line Arguments Processing
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    int num_args = argc;

    if (num_args == 1) {
        printf("No command-line arguments provided.n");
    } else {
        printf("Number of command-line arguments: %dn", num_args);
        printf("Program name: %sn", argv[0]);

        // Dynamically allocate memory to store the arguments
        char **args = (char **)malloc((num_args - 1) * sizeof(char *));
        if (args == NULL) {
            printf("Memory allocation failed.n");
            return 1;
        }

        printf("Other arguments:n");
        for (int i = 1; i < num_args; i++) {
            int arg_len = 0;
            while (argv[i][arg_len] != '0') {
                arg_len++;
            }

            args[i - 1] = (char *)malloc((arg_len + 1) * sizeof(char));

            if (args[i - 1] == NULL) {
                printf("Memory allocation failed.n");
                // Free previously allocated memory
                for(int j = 0; j < i - 1; j++) {
                    free(args[j]);
                }
                free(args);
                return 1;
            }

            int j = 0;
            while (argv[i][j] != '0') {
                args[i - 1][j] = argv[i][j];
                j++;
            }
            args[i - 1][j] = '0';

            printf("Argument %d: %sn", i, args[i - 1]);
        }

        // Free the dynamically allocated memory
        for (int i = 0; i < num_args - 1; i++) {
            free(args[i]);
        }
        free(args);
    }

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Number of command-line arguments: 4
Program name: ./program
Other arguments:
Argument 1: hello
Argument 2: world
Argument 3: 123

💻 Array of Dynamic Strings
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    int numStrings;

    printf("Enter the number of strings: ");
    scanf("%d", &numStrings);
    getchar();

    char **stringArray = (char **)malloc(numStrings * sizeof(char *));

    if (stringArray == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed.n");
        return 1;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < numStrings; i++) {
        int stringLength;
        printf("Enter the length of string %d: ", i + 1);
        scanf("%d", &stringLength);
        getchar();

        stringArray[i] = (char *)malloc((stringLength + 1) * sizeof(char));

        if (stringArray[i] == NULL) {
            printf("Memory allocation failed for string %d.n", i + 1);
            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                free(stringArray[j]);
            }
            free(stringArray);
            return 1;
        }

        printf("Enter string %d: ", i + 1);
        fgets(stringArray[i], stringLength + 1, stdin);
        stringArray[i][strcspn(stringArray[i], "n")] = 0;
    }

    printf("nEntered strings:n");
    for (int i = 0; i < numStrings; i++) {
        printf("String %d: %sn", i + 1, stringArray[i]);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < numStrings; i++) {
        free(stringArray[i]);
    }
    free(stringArray);

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Input: 2
Input: 5
Input: hello
Input: 3
Input: bye
Output: Enter the number of strings: Enter the length of string 1: Enter string 1: Enter the length of string 2: Enter string 2:
Entered strings:
String 1: hello
String 2: bye

💻 Dynamic Structure Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Person {
    char name[50];
    int age;
};

int main() {
    struct Person *personPtr;

    personPtr = (struct Person *)malloc(sizeof(struct Person));

    if (personPtr == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed!n");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("Enter name: ");
    scanf("%s", personPtr->name);

    printf("Enter age: ");
    scanf("%d", &personPtr->age);

    printf("Name: %s, Age: %dn", personPtr->name, personPtr->age);

    free(personPtr);

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Input: John
Input: 30
Output: Enter name: Enter age: Name: John, Age: 30

💻 Memory Pool Implementation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#define POOL_SIZE 1024
#define BLOCK_SIZE 32

typedef struct Block {
    bool is_free;
    struct Block *next;
} Block;

char memory_pool[POOL_SIZE];
Block *free_list;

void initialize_pool() {
    int num_blocks = POOL_SIZE / BLOCK_SIZE;
    Block *current_block = (Block *)memory_pool;

    for (int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
        current_block->is_free = true;
        current_block->next = (Block *)((char *)current_block + BLOCK_SIZE);
        current_block = current_block->next;
    }

    ((Block *)((char *)current_block - BLOCK_SIZE))->next = NULL;
    free_list = (Block *)memory_pool;
}

void *allocate_memory() {
    if (free_list == NULL) {
        printf("Memory pool is empty.n");
        return NULL;
    }

    Block *allocated_block = free_list;
    free_list = free_list->next;
    allocated_block->is_free = false;
    return (void *)((char *)allocated_block + sizeof(Block));
}

void deallocate_memory(void *ptr) {
    if (ptr == NULL) return;

    Block *block_to_free = (Block *)((char *)ptr - sizeof(Block));
    block_to_free->is_free = true;
    block_to_free->next = free_list;
    free_list = block_to_free;
}

int main() {
    initialize_pool();

    int *num1 = (int *)allocate_memory();
    if (num1 != NULL) {
        *num1 = 42;
        printf("Allocated memory: %dn", *num1);
    }

    int *num2 = (int *)allocate_memory();
    if (num2 != NULL) {
        *num2 = 99;
        printf("Allocated memory: %dn", *num2);
    }

    deallocate_memory(num1);
    deallocate_memory(num2);

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Allocated memory: 42
Allocated memory: 99

💻 Custom Memory Allocator
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#define MEMORY_SIZE 1024

static char memory[MEMORY_SIZE];
static bool memory_map[MEMORY_SIZE];

void* my_malloc(size_t size) {
    if (size <= 0 || size > MEMORY_SIZE) {
        return NULL;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i <= MEMORY_SIZE - size; i++) {
        bool found = true;
        for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
            if (memory_map[i + j]) {
                found = false;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (found) {
            for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
                memory_map[i + j] = true;
            }
            return (void*)&memory[i];
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

void my_free(void* ptr, size_t size) {
    if (ptr == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    char* start = (char*)memory;
    char* current = (char*)ptr;

    if (current < start || current >= start + MEMORY_SIZE) {
        return;
    }

    size_t offset = current - start;

    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        memory_map[offset + i] = false;
    }
}

int main() {
    int* ptr1 = (int*)my_malloc(sizeof(int) * 5);
    if (ptr1 == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed!n");
        return 1;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        ptr1[i] = i * 2;
    }

    printf("Allocated memory at: %pn", (void*)ptr1);
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("ptr1[%d] = %dn", i, ptr1[i]);
    }

    my_free(ptr1, sizeof(int) * 5);

    printf("Memory freed.n");

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Allocated memory at: 0x602000000000
ptr1[0] = 0
ptr1[1] = 2
ptr1[2] = 4
ptr1[3] = 6
ptr1[4] = 8
Memory freed.

💻 Memory Leak Detection
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
  int *ptr;

  ptr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));

  if (ptr == NULL) {
    printf("Memory allocation failed!n");
    return 1;
  }

  printf("Memory allocated at address: %pn", (void *)ptr);
  printf("Enter an integer value: ");
  scanf("%d", ptr);
  printf("Value stored: %dn", *ptr);
  // free(ptr); //Uncomment this to prevent memory leak
  ptr = NULL; //Setting to NULL after free is a good practice

  return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Memory allocated at address: 0x12345678
Enter an integer value: 10
Value stored: 10

💻 Dynamic Array Resizing
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
    int *arr;
    int size = 2;
    int count = 0;
    int num;

    arr = (int *)malloc(size * sizeof(int));

    if (arr == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed.n");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("Enter numbers (enter -1 to stop):n");

    while (1) {
        scanf("%d", &num);

        if (num == -1) {
            break;
        }

        if (count == size) {
            size *= 2;
            arr = (int *)realloc(arr, size * sizeof(int));
            if (arr == NULL) {
                printf("Memory reallocation failed.n");
                return 1;
            }
        }

        arr[count] = num;
        count++;
    }

    printf("The numbers you entered are:n");
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        printf("%d ", arr[i]);
    }
    printf("n");

    free(arr);
    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Input: 1
Input: 2
Input: 3
Input: 4
Input: 5
Input: -1
Output: Enter numbers (enter -1 to stop):
The numbers you entered are:
1 2 3 4 5

💻 Binary Tree Implementation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Node {
  int data;
  struct Node *left;
  struct Node *right;
};

struct Node *createNode(int data) {
  struct Node *newNode = (struct Node *)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
  newNode->data = data;
  newNode->left = NULL;
  newNode->right = NULL;
  return newNode;
}

void inorderTraversal(struct Node *root) {
  if (root != NULL) {
    inorderTraversal(root->left);
    printf("%d ", root->data);
    inorderTraversal(root->right);
  }
}

int main() {
  struct Node *root = createNode(1);
  root->left = createNode(2);
  root->right = createNode(3);
  root->left->left = createNode(4);
  root->left->right = createNode(5);

  printf("Inorder traversal of the binary tree is: ");
  inorderTraversal(root);
  printf("n");

  return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Inorder traversal of the binary tree is: 4 2 5 1 3

💻 Queue Implementation using Dynamic Memory
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct {
    int *data;
    int front;
    int rear;
    int capacity;
} Queue;

Queue* createQueue(int capacity) {
    Queue* queue = (Queue*)malloc(sizeof(Queue));
    queue->capacity = capacity;
    queue->front = 0;
    queue->rear = -1;
    queue->data = (int*)malloc(queue->capacity * sizeof(int));
    return queue;
}

int isFull(Queue* queue) {
    return (queue->rear == queue->capacity - 1);
}

int isEmpty(Queue* queue) {
    return (queue->front > queue->rear);
}

void enqueue(Queue* queue, int item) {
    if (isFull(queue)) {
        printf("Queue is fulln");
        return;
    }
    queue->rear = queue->rear + 1;
    queue->data[queue->rear] = item;
    printf("%d enqueued to queuen", item);
}

int dequeue(Queue* queue) {
    if (isEmpty(queue)) {
        printf("Queue is emptyn");
        return -1;
    }
    int item = queue->data[queue->front];
    queue->front = queue->front + 1;
    return item;
}

int main() {
    Queue* queue = createQueue(5);

    enqueue(queue, 10);
    enqueue(queue, 20);
    enqueue(queue, 30);
    enqueue(queue, 40);
    enqueue(queue, 50);

    printf("%d dequeued from queuen", dequeue(queue));
    printf("%d dequeued from queuen", dequeue(queue));
    printf("%d dequeued from queuen", dequeue(queue));

    free(queue->data);
    free(queue);

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
10 enqueued to queue
20 enqueued to queue
30 enqueued to queue
40 enqueued to queue
50 enqueued to queue
10 dequeued from queue
20 dequeued from queue
30 dequeued from queue

💻 Stack Implementation using Dynamic Memory
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Stack {
    int *array;
    int top;
    unsigned capacity;
};

struct Stack* createStack(unsigned capacity) {
    struct Stack* stack = (struct Stack*)malloc(sizeof(struct Stack));
    stack->capacity = capacity;
    stack->top = -1;
    stack->array = (int*)malloc(stack->capacity * sizeof(int));
    return stack;
}

int isFull(struct Stack* stack) {
    return stack->top == stack->capacity - 1;
}

int isEmpty(struct Stack* stack) {
    return stack->top == -1;
}

void push(struct Stack* stack, int item) {
    if (isFull(stack))
        return;
    stack->array[++stack->top] = item;
    printf("%d pushed to stackn", item);
}

int pop(struct Stack* stack) {
    if (isEmpty(stack))
        return -1;
    return stack->array[stack->top--];
}

int peek(struct Stack* stack) {
    if (isEmpty(stack))
        return -1;
    return stack->array[stack->top];
}

int main() {
    struct Stack* stack = createStack(10);

    push(stack, 10);
    push(stack, 20);
    push(stack, 30);

    printf("%d popped from stackn", pop(stack));
 printf("Top element is %dn", peek(stack));
    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
10 pushed to stack
20 pushed to stack
30 pushed to stack
30 popped from stack
Top element is 20

💻 Linked List Implementation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Node {
    int data;
    struct Node *next;
};

int main() {
    struct Node *head = NULL;
    struct Node *temp = NULL;
    int choice, value;

    while (1) {
        printf("1. Insert at beginningn");
        printf("2. Displayn");
        printf("3. Exitn");
        printf("Enter your choice: ");
        scanf("%d", &choice);

        if (choice == 1) {
            printf("Enter the value to insert: ");
            scanf("%d", &value);

            struct Node *newNode = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
            newNode->data = value;
            newNode->next = head;
            head = newNode;

        } else if (choice == 2) {
            temp = head;
            printf("Linked List: ");
            while (temp != NULL) {
                printf("%d ", temp->data);
                temp = temp->next;
            }
            printf("n");
        } else if (choice == 3) {
            break;
        } else {
            printf("Invalid choice.n");
        }
    }

    temp = head;
    while (temp != NULL) {
        struct Node *next = temp->next;
        free(temp);
        temp = next;
    }
    head = NULL;

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
1. Insert at beginning
2. Display
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to insert: 10
1. Insert at beginning
2. Display
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to insert: 20
1. Insert at beginning
2. Display
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Linked List: 20 10
1. Insert at beginning
2. Display
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter the value to insert: 30
1. Insert at beginning
2. Display
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Linked List: 30 20 10
1. Insert at beginning
2. Display
3. Exit
Enter your choice: 3

💻 String Operations with Dynamic Memory
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    char *str1 = NULL, *str2 = NULL, *combinedStr = NULL;
    int len1, len2;

    printf("Enter the length of the first string: ");
    scanf("%d", &len1);
    str1 = (char *)malloc((len1 + 1) * sizeof(char));
    if (str1 == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failedn");
        return 1;
    }
    printf("Enter the first string: ");
    scanf(" %[^n]", str1);

    printf("Enter the length of the second string: ");
    scanf("%d", &len2);
    str2 = (char *)malloc((len2 + 1) * sizeof(char));
    if (str2 == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failedn");
        free(str1);
        return 1;
    }
    printf("Enter the second string: ");
    scanf(" %[^n]", str2);

    combinedStr = (char *)malloc((len1 + len2 + 1) * sizeof(char));
    if (combinedStr == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failedn");
        free(str1);
        free(str2);
        return 1;
    }

    strcpy(combinedStr, str1);
    strcat(combinedStr, str2);

    printf("Combined string: %sn", combinedStr);

    free(str1);
    free(str2);
    free(combinedStr);

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Input: 5
Input: Hello
Input: 3
Input: World
Output: Enter the length of the first string: Enter the first string: Enter the length of the second string: Enter the second string: Combined string: HelloWorld

💻 Matrix Operations with Dynamic Allocation
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
    int rows, cols;
    int i, j;

    printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
    scanf("%d", &rows);

    printf("Enter the number of columns: ");
    scanf("%d", &cols);

    int **matrix = (int **)malloc(rows * sizeof(int *));
    if (matrix == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed.n");
        return 1;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        matrix[i] = (int *)malloc(cols * sizeof(int));
        if (matrix[i] == NULL) {
            printf("Memory allocation failed.n");
            // Free previously allocated memory
            for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                free(matrix[j]);
            }
            free(matrix);
            return 1;
        }
    }

    printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:n");
    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
        }
    }

    printf("The matrix is:n");
    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
            printf("%d ", matrix[i][j]);
        }
        printf("n");
    }

    // Free the allocated memory
    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        free(matrix[i]);
    }
    free(matrix);

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Input: 2
Input: 3
Input: 1
Input: 2
Input: 3
Input: 4
Input: 5
Input: 6
Output: Enter the number of rows: Enter the number of columns: Enter the elements of the matrix:
The matrix is:
1 2 3
4 5 6

💻 Dynamic 2D Array Operations
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
    int rows, cols, i, j;
    int **arr;

    printf("Enter number of rows: ");
    scanf("%d", &rows);
    printf("Enter number of columns: ");
    scanf("%d", &cols);

    arr = (int **)malloc(rows * sizeof(int *));
    if (arr == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failedn");
        return 1;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        arr[i] = (int *)malloc(cols * sizeof(int));
        if (arr[i] == NULL) {
            printf("Memory allocation failedn");
             for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                free(arr[j]);
            }
            free(arr);
            return 1;
        }
    }

    printf("Enter elements of the array:n");
    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &arr[i][j]);
        }
    }

    printf("The array is:n");
    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
            printf("%d ", arr[i][j]);
        }
        printf("n");
    }

    for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        free(arr[i]);
    }
    free(arr);

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Input: 2
Input: 3
Input: 1
Input: 2
Input: 3
Input: 4
Input: 5
Input: 6
Output: Enter number of rows: Enter number of columns: Enter elements of the array:
The array is:
1 2 3
4 5 6

💻 Dynamic 1D Array Operations
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
    int *arr;
    int size, i;

    printf("Enter the size of the array: ");
    scanf("%d", &size);

    arr = (int *)malloc(size * sizeof(int));

    if (arr == NULL) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed!n");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("Enter the elements of the array:n");
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
    }

    printf("The elements of the array are:n");
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        printf("%d ", arr[i]);
    }
    printf("n");

    free(arr);

    return 0;
}
📤 Output:
Input: 5
Input: 10
Input: 20
Input: 30
Input: 40
Input: 50
Output: Enter the size of the array: Enter the elements of the array:
The elements of the array are:
10 20 30 40 50