Important knowledge

⚡️halve life of hydrocortison is 1 h (ميبين مفعولة رأسا الا ورة ساعة )

⚡️Signs of adequacy of breast feeding (د عصام ) ▪︎sleep after feeding ▪︎increase wieght ▪︎good urine output ▪︎good bowel motion

⚡️Abdominal distention develop post gastroenteritis is due to paraletic illius which occurs due to electrolyte disturbances

Important types of fever (بالهستري لازم نوصفها ميصير نذكر التايب لان هذا يعتبر medical term)

🔴Numerate The Types Of Fever ?

⚡️Most important things to ask in CNS (د.رباب) 1》 Abnormal body movement 2》 disturbed level of conscious 3》 weakness

Fanconi Anemia اشهر الاسباب الوراثية ل pan cyto penia نوع الوراثة مالتها يكون AR مشاكلها هواي ، ابرزها Risk of CA ( AML , MDS , EPITHELIAL TUMOR = SCC OF HEAD AND NECK ) Highly Radio-Sensitive & Alkylating agents sensitivity لذلك ندزهم mri بدل ct Most common cong. Anomaly = skeletal و تحديدا tri-dactyly thumb شغلات اخرى تهمني 1 Short Stature 2 Microcephaly 3 Broad Nasal Bridge 4 Epicanthal folds 5 micro-gnathia 6 Thumb attached by thread 7 Dislocated Hip 8 hypopig. Lesion 9 cafe au lait spots ال BM Failure حيصير ب 1st decade بالبداية يجيك plt ⬇️⬇️ بعدين neutropenia و اخر شي anemia ال Dx يتم اثباته ب Lymphocyte chromosomal breakage study شني علاجة ? 1- mild to moderate hemato. Abnormalities = no need for transfusion Just follow up by - periph. Blood count every 3 months - BM Aspiration every 1 year - screening for hypothyroid. - assess solid tumors 2- chromos. Fragility +- targeted genetic study for siblings 3- HSCT 4- ANDROGEN ( Danazol / Oxymetholone )

Breath-holding spells are brief periods when young children stop breathing for up to 1 minute. These spells often cause a child to cynosis or pass out (lose consciousness). Breath-holding spells usually occur when a young child is angry, frustrated, in pain, or afraid Commonly at age 6-24 month

#Paediatric_rotation بداية روتة الاطفال 👶

Pearls to remember about oedema: To keep water inside the capillaries & prevent it from leaking into the tissues, the following forces operate: 1): Capillary endothelium 2): Serum Albumin (not needed for lungs & nervous system). 3): Serum sodium (only operate for nervous system, not needed elsewhere). Capillary leakage can cause oedema anywhere. Capillary leakage can be due to capillary damage by infection, inflammation or trauma. Capillary leakage can also be due to high pressure of the blood inside the capillaries. Nervous tissues & lungs are not dependent on albumin. Similarly, the lungs are not dependent on sodium either. So low albumin does NOT explain pulmonary or cerebral oedema. Similarly low sodium can only explain cerebral oedema but doesn’t cause oedema elsewhere. Read this again.

#End_of_the_5th_stage❤️

⚡️Sphenopalatine art ligation by using endoscope (ESPAL),this is the most effective method to control epistaxis.

⚡️Children Mucocoele = ehtmiod Ostiomylitis = maxilla

⚡️puffy potts tumor is ostiomylitis of frontal bone complication of acute sinusitis

Bat ear ( اذانه مشنترة )

⚡️the most common malignant tumours in the head and neck region is Squamous cell carcinoma

☢️Aim of management ▪︎unilateral cord palsy = medialisation ▪︎bilateral cord palsy = lateralization

☢️Muscles of larynx (مهم) ▪︎ONLY abductor of the vocal fold = Posterior cricoarytenoid ▪︎major tensor of free edge of vocal fold = Thyroarytenoideus internus (vocalis) ▪︎major adductor of vocal fold = Thyroarytenoideus externus