Commerce And Accountancy Optional for UPSC IAS by Diademy IAS

Access today's newcrux - 31st Oct - 25 HIGHLIGHTED newsclippings directly from THE HINDU & INDIAN EXPRESS CRUX SUMMARY of all 25 news (including EDITORIALS) 30 Current MCQs in PDF test booklet as well as ONLINE Practice Mode Follow for daily current affairs on below tetegram channel https://t.me/iasboard

𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 | 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗦𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟯𝟭 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 | 📌 𝗚𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗦𝗮𝗰𝗵𝘀: 𝗔𝗜-𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗱 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗳𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿, 𝗱𝗲𝗲𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗷𝗼𝗯-𝗹𝗼𝘀𝘀 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗿𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: A Goldman Sachs note by economist Pierfrancesco Mei finds that workers displaced by AI since 2025 took about a month longer to find new jobs and were roughly 10 percentage points more likely to be unemployed a year later, an effect comparable to earlier technology waves. Older workers (35 and above) took about five weeks longer to return to full-time work, against three weeks for younger workers. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: OT – Organisational environment (technological); HRM – Separations and HR planning; technology as a dynamic external contingency that reshapes job design and workforce composition. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2026 (10): "“Technological environment is considered dynamic.” Comment." • 2025 (10): Scope of IR in the light of modern labour-market transformations, changing work patterns, globalisation and technology • 2022 (10): Implementation of information technology produces change in organisational structure as their relationship is dynamic 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Fortune 📌 𝗨𝗞: 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶-𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗱𝘂𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗘𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗥𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗔𝗰𝘁 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟱 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: From 30 October 2026, the date set by the UK government, employers must take "all reasonable steps" to prevent sexual harassment and become liable for harassment of staff by third parties such as customers and suppliers. Independent trade unions also gain a statutory right of physical and digital access to workplaces. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: OB – Quality of work life; IR – Trade unions and labour legislation; statutory duty of care strengthening a safe work climate, and legally backed union access as a route to recognition and collective bargaining. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2025 (20): Challenges faced by trade unions today • 2025 (10): QWL and organisational performance • 2016 (20): "Why do employees join a trade union? Discuss a strategy which an organization can adopt for dealing with the trade union with the possibility of making the company union free" 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Pinsent Masons (Out-Law); Remote Work Europe 𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗴𝘂𝗶𝗱𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲.

𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 | 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗦𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟯𝟭 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 | 📌 𝗨𝗹𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗮 𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻𝘀 𝘀𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗖𝗜𝗧𝗨 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗖 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: Two Memorandums of Settlement were signed on 14 October between UltraTech's Bathinda unit and the CITU and AITUC unions, in conciliation led by the Assistant Labour Commissioner (Central), Jalandhar. The settlements are expected to give about Rs 3.36 crore to 217 workers over five years, with benefits applying retrospectively from the second quarter. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: IR – Machinery for settlement of industrial disputes; Collective bargaining; conciliation as a statutory third-party mechanism that converts bargaining into a binding settlement. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2022 (20): "Discuss the weaknesses of a conciliation machinery in settling industrial disputes. Suggest suitable measures to make conciliation machinery effective." • 2018 (20): "“Collective bargaining is important to both employers and employees but there are certain snags.” Do you agree with this statement? Suggest measures to make the process more effective." • 2015 (10): "Conciliation Vs mediation in Disputes Resolution" 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Rozana Spokesman 📌 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝗼𝗳𝘁 𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗲𝘅𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝘂𝗽 𝘁𝗼 𝟲𝟬,𝟬𝟬𝟬 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗲𝗲𝘀, 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: Microsoft has announced a Voluntary Exit Offer for up to 60,000 employees at level 70 and below in participating teams in Canada, India, the UK and the US, roughly a quarter of its workforce. The company expects under 5% uptake; the move comes alongside a sharp rise in capital spending on data centres and equipment. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Human resource planning; Separations (voluntary exit / VRS); a voluntary, incentive-based route to rightsizing as capital substitutes for labour, in place of compulsory layoffs. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2022 (20): "“Human Resource Planning is a prerequisite for effective management of human resources.” In the light of this statement, analyze the significance of Human Resource Planning" • 2020 (10): Transfers and Separations • 2019 (10): "Exit Policy" 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Fortune

𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 | 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗦𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟯𝟭 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 | 📌 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘂𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗼𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗕𝗼𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘂𝗻𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗴𝗶𝗴-𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: The Ministry of Labour and Employment has notified two boards under the Code on Social Security, 2020: one for unorganised workers and one for gig and platform workers. Chaired by the Union Labour Minister, they include representatives of the Centre, states, aggregators, employers, civil society and workers' unions, and will recommend welfare schemes, monitor their implementation and meet at least three times a year. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Employee welfare; IR – Labour legislation; tripartite, consultative welfare governance extended to non-standard employment relationships under the Labour Codes. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2026 (10): "Impact of employees' welfare on their performance" • 2025 (20): Employee Welfare is the joint responsibility of the State, Employers and Trade Unions • 2015 (10): "“Changing Indian labor legislations is the last unfinished agenda since 1991.” Assess its rationale." 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Business Today 📌 𝗞𝗦𝗘𝗕 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗲𝗲𝘀' 𝗳𝗲𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵𝗱𝗿𝗮𝘄𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗸𝗲 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗸𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗞𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗮 𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: The Electricity Employees Federation of India (Kerala unit) called off an indefinite strike set for 2 November after discussions with the Electricity Minister and KSEB management. The dispute covered the proposed TOTEX smart-meter model (which the union saw as a step towards privatising the revenue wing), transfers, suspension of two union leaders and contract workers' issues; the leaders were reinstated and assurances were given on the other demands. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: IR – Industrial relations in PSEs; Industrial disputes and their settlement; a dispute resolved through bipartite and political negotiation before the strike began, showing preventive rather than curative dispute handling. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2026 (20): "Critically examine the existing machinery for prevention and settlement of industrial disputes in India." • 2014 (20): "“Disinvestment program has adversely affected the IR climate in public enterprises.” Asses the implications of this statement. In this context, make out a viable plan to protect the interest of employees." • 2011 (30): "“Industrial Relations in India is a dynamic and evolving concept.” Explain it and suggest measures for improving industrial relations in public enterprises in India." 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Onmanorama

Access today's newcrux - 30th Oct - 26 HIGHLIGHTED newsclippings directly from THE HINDU & INDIAN EXPRESS CRUX SUMMARY of all 26 news (including EDITORIALS) 30 Current MCQs in PDF test booklet as well as ONLINE Practice Mode Follow for daily current affairs on below tetegram channel https://t.me/iasboard

Org Theory Power Politics - reasons , manifestations etc

𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 | 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟯𝟬 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 | 📌 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆: 𝗵𝘆𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗱 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝘀 𝗮 𝗸𝗲𝘆 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗴𝘆 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: A new IWG and Arup analysis estimates that retention gains from hybrid working could add $204.7 billion in productivity in the US and £10.8 billion in the UK over five years. It reports that 81% of CHROs see hybrid working as critical to retaining top talent. The report also cites Deloitte India data putting India's attrition rate at 17.6% in 2025. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: OT – Organisation design (work from home, flexitime); IR – Labour turnover; OB – QWL; flexible work as a retention and quality-of-work-life tool. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2026 (10): "Elucidate organisational structure with reference to work from home and flexitime." • 2024 (10): Productivity implications of labour turnover • 2023 (10): "How does the policy of 'Flexitime' affect organisational functioning?" 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: EastMojo 📌 𝗟𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀: 𝟯𝟭 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘁 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: The Centre's target for all states and UTs to publish their rules under the four Labour Codes falls on 31 October. Labour Secretary Chandra Bhushan Kumar said in September that ten states had published rules and the rest had drafts out for consultation. The Codes took effect in November 2025, replacing 29 central labour laws, and the central rules were notified in May 2026. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: IR – Labour legislation; cooperative federalism in labour administration, since labour is a Concurrent List subject and the Codes work only once state rules are in place. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2025 (10): Scope of IR in the light of modern labour-market transformations, changing work patterns, globalisation and technology • 2015 (10): "Changing Indian labor legislations is the last unfinished agenda since 1991." Assess its rationale. • 2008 (60): "Explain how Industrial Disputes Act provides a regulatory mechanism to guide industrial relations" 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Business Standard 📌 𝗜𝗟𝗢 𝘁𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗼𝗻 𝘄𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝗯𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: The ILO has announced it will release "Women in Business and Management: Scaling Success" in Geneva on 3 November 2026. The report covers global trends in women's participation in business leadership, the effect of gender equality on enterprise performance, and policies that help businesses advance gender equality. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: IR – ILO and its functions; OB – Leadership; OT – Organisational culture; diversity and inclusion as a driver of organisational effectiveness. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2026 (10): "Role of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in the dynamic world order" • 2025 (20): Role of ILO and its influence on labour and social policies in India • 2013 (10): "Concept of Diversity and Inclusion in the Organisation" 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: International Labour Organization 𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗴𝘂𝗶𝗱𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲.

𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 | 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟯𝟬 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 | 📌 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝗼𝗳𝘁 𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗲𝘅𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝟲𝟬,𝟬𝟬𝟬 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗲𝗲𝘀, 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: Microsoft has offered a Voluntary Exit Offer to about 60,000 employees, roughly 27% of its global workforce of about 223,000, with eligible staff in India, the US, the UK and Canada. Chief People Officer Amy Coleman called the offer "new for us". The move comes amid heavy AI and data-centre spending, though the company has not publicly attributed it solely to AI. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Separations; HR planning; OT – Organisational change; voluntary exit as a planned, consent-based downsizing tool compared with involuntary retrenchment. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2020 (20): "Human Resource Planning (HRP) is essentially concerned with the most effective use of scarce talent." Justify. • 2020 (10): Transfers and Separations • 2013 (20): "In the current scenario, public enterprises are working as model employer but their downsizing program has daunted this philosophy." Comment on this statement in the context of Indian scenario and suggest an action plan for them. 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Onmanorama; The Associated Press 📌 𝗜𝗻𝗻𝗼𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗷𝗼𝗯𝘀 𝗺𝗶𝗱-𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗳𝘁 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: Hundreds of Innodata workers in India and the Philippines say their system access was cut off mid-shift on 26 October, with termination notices citing a "ramp-down of the business assignment". Reports put Indian job losses at around 550; the company has not released an official breakdown. A WhatsApp group of affected staff reportedly grew past 600 members within a day. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: IR – Labour legislation (retrenchment and exit), industrial disputes; OB – Communication; shows how a separation process without notice or consultation damages trust and the psychological contract. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2019 (10): "Exit Policy" • 2014 (20): "There is need for a balanced exit policy for the mutual benefit of employer and employees." Keeping this in your mind, outline the salient features of exit policy statement. • 2012 (12): "Provisions in ID Act 1947 related to workmen during closure of industrial establishments." 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: The American Bazaar 📌 𝗧𝗵𝗲 "𝗔𝗜 𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗴": 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝗺𝘀 𝗿𝗲𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗲 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗔𝗜-𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸𝗲𝗱 𝗷𝗼𝗯 𝗰𝘂𝘁𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: An AP report says some companies that cut staff for AI are now rehiring laid-off workers, a trend called the "AI boomerang". Klarna resumed hiring human customer-service staff after its CEO said reliance on an AI chatbot had gone too far, and Ford said it hired or promoted 350 veteran engineers after AI quality-control tools did not perform as expected. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Human resource planning, recruitment; OB – Organisational change; shows the cost of workforce decisions taken without proper demand forecasting and skills analysis. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2022 (20): "Human Resource Planning is a prerequisite for effective management of human resources." In the light of this statement, analyze the significance of Human Resource Planning. • 2021 (10): "Sources of Resistance to Change." • 2019 (10): "Human Resource Planning" 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: The Associated Press

HRM Voluntary separations - Reasons & Trends

Access today's newcrux - 29th Oct - 27 HIGHLIGHTED newsclippings directly from THE HINDU & INDIAN EXPRESS CRUX SUMMARY of all 27 news (including EDITORIALS) 30 Current MCQs in PDF test booklet as well as ONLINE Practice Mode Follow for daily current affairs on below tetegram channel https://t.me/iasboard

𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 | 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗧𝗵𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟮𝟵 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 | 📌 𝗦𝘄𝗶𝗴𝗴𝘆 𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟱 𝗹𝗮𝗸𝗵 𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗻𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: Swiggy has renewed its insurance programme for more than 25 lakh delivery partners, with accidental death cover of Rs 10 lakh, in-patient hospitalisation up to Rs 2 lakh, family health cover up to Rs 1 lakh and maternity benefits. Pre-existing diseases are covered from day one, along with OPD cover up to Rs 10,000 and free 24x7 teleconsultations. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Employee welfare; IR – Labour legislation (social security for gig and platform workers under the Code on Social Security); shows voluntary, employer-led welfare for workers outside the standard employer-employee relationship. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2025 (20 marks): Employee welfare is the joint responsibility of the State, Employers and Trade Unions • 2019 (20 marks): "The compliance with the statutory labor welfare provisions in India is half-hearted and inadequate." Do you agree with this statement? Comment. • 2013 (20 marks): "What type of provision relating to social security for workers are provided in the Constitution and Labour Laws in India? How can such social security benefits be improved through collective bargaining?" 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: HR Katha 📌 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮'𝘀 𝗚𝗖𝗖𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗮𝗱𝗱 𝟭 𝘁𝗼 𝟭.𝟰 𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗻𝗲𝘁 𝗷𝗼𝗯𝘀 𝗯𝘆 𝟮𝟬𝟯𝟭, 𝘀𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗘𝗺𝗯𝗮𝗿𝗸 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: An Embark report projects that India's Global Capability Centres will add 1 to 1.4 million net jobs by 2031, taking their workforce to 3.3 to 3.7 million, including about 3 lakh AI-related roles. It also estimates that 4 to 5 lakh routine roles could be lost to automation, slower replacement hiring and role consolidation, with demand shifting to AI, data, cybersecurity and platform engineering skills. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Human resource planning; Training and development; illustrates demand forecasting of manpower by skill mix and the need for reskilling when technology changes job content. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2022 (20 marks): "Human Resource Planning is a prerequisite for effective management of human resources." In the light of this statement, analyze the significance of Human Resource Planning • 2020 (20 marks): "Human Resource Planning (HRP) is essentially concerned with the most effective use of scarce talent." Justify. • 2013 (20 marks): "A process of digitalization in an organization requires training and re-skilling of employees. How should HR Department manage this in the organization? What steps and measure should they take to minimize the conflict arising out of the redeployment of employees after the training?" 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: HR Katha

𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 | 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗧𝗵𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟮𝟵 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 | 📌 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝗼𝗳𝘁 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗻𝘀 𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘆-𝗲𝘅𝗶𝘁 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗺𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝟲𝟬,𝟬𝟬𝟬 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗲𝗲𝘀, 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: Microsoft has rolled out a voluntary-exit programme that could cover around 60,000 employees worldwide (about 27% of its workforce), at level 70 and below, across teams in India, the US, the UK and Canada; departures are scheduled for 31 December 2026. The move follows 4,800 layoffs earlier this year and comes as the company steps up spending on AI infrastructure; severance reportedly varies by level and region. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Separations; Human resource planning; a voluntary separation scheme (akin to VRS) is used as a softer right-sizing tool than layoffs, but raises the risk of losing talent the firm wishes to retain. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2020 (10 marks): "Transfers and Separations" • 2014 (20 marks): "There is need for a balanced exit policy for the mutual benefit of employer and employees." Keeping this in your mind, outline the salient features of exit policy statement. • 2010 (15 marks): "Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) and 'Catch-22' situation" 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: HR Katha 📌 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗱𝗹𝘆 𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗺𝘀 𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗹𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗲 𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: Apple has reportedly laid off some hardware programme managers as CEO John Ternus and chief hardware officer Johny Srouji try to simplify the management structure, according to Bloomberg reporting cited by MacRumors. The number affected has not been disclosed; two long-serving display leaders have moved to advisory roles and three executives were promoted to vice-president. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: Organisation Theory – Organisation design and structure; Span of management; Centralisation and decentralisation; illustrates delayering, i.e. moving from a tall to a flatter structure by widening spans of control and shortening the chain of command. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2022 (20 marks): "The choice between centralization and decentralization cannot be made in isolation, none is good or bad," Critically evaluate this statement • 2020 (20 marks): "Discuss the different factors determining the degree of decentralization." • 2019 (10 marks): "Span of Management." 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: HR Katha

𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 | 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗧𝗵𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟮𝟵 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 | 📌 𝗕𝗠𝗦 𝗴𝗶𝘃𝗲𝘀 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗲 𝘁𝘄𝗼-𝗺𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗵 𝗱𝗲𝗮𝗱𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗦𝗡𝗟 𝗽𝗮𝘆 𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: In a letter dated 23 October to Communications Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia, the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (with affiliates AIGETOA and BTEU) demanded implementation of the third Pay Revision Committee for BSNL, a time-bound decision on waiving the PRC affordability clause, and settlement of pending second-PRC pay-scale issues. BMS has warned of a nationwide agitation if the issues are not resolved within two months, saying timely intervention is needed to avoid industrial confrontation. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: Industrial Relations – IR in PSEs; Trade unions; Industrial disputes; illustrates how pay revision linked to a PSE's capacity to pay (affordability clause) becomes a source of industrial unrest in public enterprises. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2025 (20 marks): Challenges faced by trade unions today • 2014 (20 marks): "Disinvestment program has adversely affected the IR climate in public enterprises." Asses the implications of this statement. In this context, make out a viable plan to protect the interest of employees. • 2013 (20 marks): "In the current scenario, public enterprises are working as model employer but their downsizing program has daunted this philosophy." Comment on this statement in the context of Indian scenario and suggest an action plan for them. 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: HR Katha 📌 𝗖𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗴𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗹𝗹 𝗖-𝟯𝟵 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗹𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗸𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: The Canadian Labour Congress, Machinists (IAM) and Steelworkers (USW) are holding a joint press conference in Ottawa on 29 October against Bill C-39, which would let the federal minister order a return to work or binding arbitration once a strike or lockout "adversely affects" the national interest, after a 21-day special mediation window. The ITUC says the restrictions are highly likely to violate ILO Convention 87 on freedom of association, and the CLC plans an ILO complaint if the bill passes unchanged. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: Industrial Relations – ILO and its functions; Compulsory adjudication and collective bargaining; shows the tension between state intervention (compulsory arbitration) and voluntarism, and the ILO's supervisory role on freedom of association. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2025 (20 marks): Role of ILO and its influence on labour and social policies in India • 2020 (10 marks): "Adjudication and Collective Bargaining" • 2018 (20 marks): "Collective bargaining is important to both employers and employees but there are certain snags." Do you agree with this statement? Suggest measures to make the process more effective. 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Canadian Labour Congress; Canadian HR Reporter

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Access today's newcrux - 28th Oct - 27 HIGHLIGHTED newsclippings directly from THE HINDU & INDIAN EXPRESS CRUX SUMMARY of all 27 news (including EDITORIALS) 30 Current MCQs in PDF test booklet as well as ONLINE Practice Mode Follow for daily current affairs on below tetegram channel https://t.me/iasboard

𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 | 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗪𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟮𝟴 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 | 📌 𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗹: 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗺𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻 𝗼𝗽𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: An HR Katha editorial argues that experienced middle managers are losing faith in senior leaders who question decisions without giving direction, take credit for success and push the risk of failure downward. It calls for authority to come with ownership and shared accountability. The piece is an opinion based on anecdotal accounts, not survey data. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: OT – Authority, power and control; OB – Leadership and morale; the classical principle of parity of authority and responsibility, and disengagement when it breaks down. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2021 (10 marks): "Power and Authority." • 2020 (20 marks): "'A manager while delegating authority should observe certain principles.' Elaborate." • 2017 (10 marks): "Principle of accountability." 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: HR Katha 📌 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮'𝘀 𝗚𝗖𝗖𝘀 𝗺𝗮𝘆 𝗮𝗱𝗱 𝟭–𝟭.𝟰 𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗷𝗼𝗯𝘀 𝗯𝘆 𝟮𝟬𝟯𝟭 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: A report by Embark projects that Global Capability Centres in India will grow from about 2.3 million to 3.3–3.7 million employees by 2031. AI may create about 3 lakh roles while automation and role consolidation could remove 4–5 lakh, and demand will centre on AI, data, cybersecurity and platform engineering skills. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Human resource planning, Recruitment and selection; forecasting demand and supply of talent amid technology-driven change in job mix. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2026 (20 marks): "'Geopolitical realignments, accelerating technological change and shifting organisational expectations are elucidating the challenges of human resource management and redefining the role of HR managers.' Comment." • 2022 (20 marks): "'Human Resource Planning is a prerequisite for effective management of human resources.' In the light of this statement, analyze the significance of Human Resource Planning" • 2020 (20 marks): "'Human Resource Planning (HRP) is essentially concerned with the most effective use of scarce talent.' Justify." 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: People Matters 📌 𝗦𝘄𝗶𝗴𝗴𝘆 𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟱 𝗹𝗮𝗸𝗵 𝗱𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗻𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: Swiggy has renewed its insurance programme for delivery partners, with accidental death cover of Rs 10 lakh, hospitalisation up to Rs 2 lakh, family health cover up to Rs 1 lakh, maternity benefits and OPD cover. Pre-existing diseases are covered from day one, and teleconsultation is available 24x7. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Employee welfare; voluntary (non-statutory) welfare for gig workers alongside the social security framework of the Code on Social Security, 2020. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2026 (10 marks): "Impact of employees' welfare on their performance" • 2025 (20 marks): "Employee Welfare is the joint responsibility of the State, Employers and Trade Unions." • 2019 (20 marks): Half-hearted compliance with statutory welfare provisions 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: HR Katha

𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 | 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗪𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟮𝟴 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 | 📌 𝗠𝗶𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝗼𝗳𝘁 𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗲𝘅𝗶𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝟲𝟬,𝟬𝟬𝟬 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗲𝗲𝘀, 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: Microsoft has announced a Voluntary Exit Offer for roughly 60,000 eligible employees (up to VP level) in India, the US, the UK and Canada, with India-based staff given till 1 December to decide. Severance is reported at one month's base salary per year of service, plus health insurance and career-transition support. The move comes as the company plans heavy spending on AI infrastructure. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Separations; IR – Exit policy; voluntary separation (VRS-type schemes) as a humane alternative to retrenchment in workforce right-sizing. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2020 (10 marks): Transfers and Separations • 2019 (10 marks): "Exit Policy" • 2014 (20 marks): "'There is need for a balanced exit policy for the mutual benefit of employer and employees.' Keeping this in your mind, outline the salient features of exit policy statement." 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: The Week; People Matters (PTI) 📌 𝗟𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱𝘀 '𝗦𝗵𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗦𝗮𝗺𝘃𝗮𝗱' 𝗼𝗻 𝗟𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗟𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: The Ministry of Labour & Employment and the Uttar Pradesh government organised a two-day awareness programme on 26–27 October covering compliance under the four Labour Codes, social protection for gig and platform workers, and EPFO/ESIC initiatives. It is part of a 90-day nationwide outreach across 316 districts launched on 28 September. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: IR – Labour legislation; the Codes rationalise 29 central laws, and tripartite dialogue on implementation reflects the changing worker–management–State relationship. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2026 (10 marks): "'Over the last few decades, the relationships between workers and management have considerably changed.' Comment." • 2025 (10 marks): Scope of IR in the light of modern labour-market transformations, changing work patterns, globalisation and technology • 2015 (10 marks): "'Changing Indian labor legislations is the last unfinished agenda since 1991.' Assess its rationale." 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Observer Voice 📌 𝗧𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗘𝗹𝘅𝘀𝗶 𝘁𝗼 𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗳𝘁 𝘁𝗮𝘀𝗸𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗷𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗿 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗳𝗳 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: Tata Elxsi CEO Manoj Raghavan said on the Q2 FY27 earnings call that selected tasks will move from senior employees to trained junior staff over the next six months, with selective junior hiring and more training. Employee utilisation of about 78% was flagged as room for improvement. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Job design, Training and development; OT – Structure and delegation; redesigning work across levels to raise utilisation and productivity. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2026 (20 marks): "'Job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment are merely attempts by managers to avoid individuals at work.' Comment." • 2024 (10 marks): "How is job design different from job analysis?" • 2020 (20 marks): "What are the different barriers to an effective training programme in an organisation?" 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: HR Katha

Access today's newcrux - 26th Oct - 26 HIGHLIGHTED newsclippings directly from THE HINDU & INDIAN EXPRESS CRUX SUMMARY of all 26 news (including EDITORIALS) 30 Current MCQs in PDF test booklet as well as ONLINE Practice Mode Follow for daily current affairs on below tetegram channel https://t.me/iasboard

𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗬 𝗜𝗔𝗦 | 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟮𝟲 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 | 𝗟𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘆 𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗲𝘀 “𝗦𝗵𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗦𝗮𝗺𝘃𝗮𝗱” 𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗨𝘁𝘁𝗮𝗿 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗵 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: The Union Labour Ministry and the Uttar Pradesh government are holding a two-day capacity-building programme in Lucknow on 26–27 October on the new Labour Codes, social protection for unorganised and gig/platform workers, and digital tools such as e-Shram, Shram Suvidha and SAMADHAN. It is part of the 90-day “Shram Samvad” campaign launched on 28 September, covering 316 districts across all 36 States/UTs with a focus on industrial clusters. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: Industrial Relations – Labour legislation, nature and scope of IR; Implementation of codified labour law shows the State’s role as the third actor in Dunlop’s IR system and the shift from enactment to compliance. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2026 (10): “Over the last few decades, the relationships between workers and management have considerably changed.” Comment. • 2025 (10): Scope of IR in the light of modern labour-market transformations, changing work patterns, globalisation and technology • 2015 (10): “Changing Indian labor legislations is the last unfinished agenda since 1991.” Assess its rationale. 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: IANS (via Punjab Kesari) 𝗞𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹𝗮 𝘁𝗼 𝗳𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝗯𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗱𝗲 𝗿𝘂𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗻𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲 𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: At a meeting chaired by the Chief Minister with 22 trade union office-bearers, Kerala decided to set up a special committee (seven union representatives, Labour and Law Department officials) to recommend State rules under the Labour Codes within 10 days. The draft will be circulated to all unions, and the State will press the Centre to lower the applicability thresholds. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: Industrial Relations – Labour legislation, ILO and social dialogue; Bipartite/tripartite consultation in rule-making reflects the ILO principle of tripartism and federal variation in labour regulation. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2025 (20): Role of ILO and its influence on labour and social policies in India • 2020 (10): “Discuss the influence of ILO on Indian labor legislation and the system of labor relations.” • 2012 (12): “Bipartite and Tripartite Approach to Labour Relations.” 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: IANS (via Social News XYZ) 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗲 “𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴” 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗹𝗱-𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗴𝗶𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: A government official told a Digital Commerce Coalition event that designing old-age protection for gig, platform and unorganised workers is untested globally, with open questions on whether contributions can be mandatory. The Code on Social Security, 2020 provides for a Social Security Fund financed by aggregators at 1–2% of annual turnover, capped at 5% of payouts to such workers. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: HRM – Employee welfare, with IR – Labour legislation; Extending statutory welfare beyond the employer-employee relationship tests the classical view of welfare as an employer obligation. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2026 (10): Impact of employees’ welfare on their performance • 2025 (20): “Employee Welfare is the joint responsibility of the State, Employers and Trade Unions.” • 2011 (30): “Employees’ welfare schemes are to create an efficient, healthy, loyal and satisfied labour force.” 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Business Standard

𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗔 𝗥𝗮𝗵𝘂𝗹 𝗞𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗿 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗣𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝟮 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 | 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟮𝟲 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲 📌 𝗟𝗲𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝗮𝗱𝗱𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗼𝘆𝗲𝗲 𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝘁𝗼𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱𝘀 𝗔𝗜 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: A Harvard Business Review piece argues that employees hold mixed feelings about AI and that leaders should acknowledge this openly rather than “project positivity”. It recommends creating a safe space to experiment and reinvesting AI-driven productivity gains in employees. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: Organisation Behaviour – Organisational change and development, leadership; Illustrates resistance to change and Lewin’s unfreezing stage, where psychological safety and participation reduce resistance. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2024 (10): Organisational transition vs change and renewal • 2021 (10): “Sources of Resistance to Change.” • 2019 (20): “Organisational change has to be managed on technological, social and economic dimensions.” Elaborate this statement. What precautions should be taken in a democratic setup to make a change acceptable to the personnel? 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Harvard Business Review 📌 𝗖-𝘀𝘂𝗶𝘁𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝗵𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗔𝗜 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆: A Harvard Business Review article argues that because AI cuts across functions, AI transformations stall when executives guard their own silos. Leaders need to share authority, resources and accountability across the top team. 𝗦𝘆𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: Organisation Theory – Authority, power and control, organisation design and structure; Functional silos and centralised authority limit cross-functional change, which supports the case for decentralisation and integrating mechanisms. 📝 𝗣𝗬𝗤 𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸: • 2022 (10): “The implementation of information technology produces change in organizational structure as their relationship is dynamic.” Explain in brief. • 2020 (20): “A manager while delegating authority should observe certain principles.” Elaborate. • 2018 (20): “The political power game is very real in modern organisation.” Comment on this statement. 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲: Harvard Business Review