📘 UGC NET DECEMBER 2026 EXAM
DR. PS YADUVANSHI CLASSES
UGC NET JRF/ Assistant professor
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🌍 Regional and Global Organizations (UN, WTO, etc.) (International Relations & Global Governance)
🇺🇳 United Nations (UN)
📅 Established: 24 October 1945
🏢 Headquarters: New York, USA
🎯 Purpose: To maintain international peace and security, promote human rights, and foster global development.
🏛 Principal Organs: General Assembly, Security Council, ECOSOC, ICJ, Secretariat, Trusteeship Council (inactive).
🌐 Reform Agenda: Expansion of Security Council (G4 Nations – India, Germany, Japan, Brazil).
🕊 Key Role: Peacekeeping operations, sustainable development, and humanitarian aid.
💱 World Trade Organization (WTO)
📅 Established: 1 January 1995 (replacing GATT – 1947)
🏢 Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
🎯 Objective: To ensure smooth, predictable, and free trade across nations.
📜 Key Agreements: GATS (Services), TRIPS (Intellectual Property), TRIMS (Investment).
🏛 Ministerial Conference: Highest decision-making body (meets every two years).
🇮🇳 India’s Stand: Focuses on agricultural subsidies, patent flexibility, and food security rights.
🇪🇺 European Union (EU)
📅 Founded: 1993 (Maastricht Treaty)
🌍 Members: 27 countries (after Brexit – UK exited in 2020)
🏛 Institutions: European Commission, European Parliament, European Council, Court of Justice.
💶 Features: Common currency (Euro), single market, and free movement of people and goods.
🤝 Significance: Strong model of regional integration and supranational governance.
🇮🇳 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
📅 Established: 8 December 1985
🌍 Members: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, Afghanistan
🏢 Secretariat: Kathmandu, Nepal
🎯 Objective: Promote regional cooperation in economic, social, and cultural fields.
⚖️ Challenges: India–Pakistan tensions hinder effective collaboration.
🤝 Initiatives: SAARC Development Fund, South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA).
🌏 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
📅 Founded: 1967 (Bangkok Declaration)
🌍 Members: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Brunei
🕊 Motto: “One Vision, One Identity, One Community”
🏛 Pillars: Political-Security Community, Economic Community, Socio-Cultural Community
🤝 Unique Approach: The ASEAN Way — consensus-based, informal diplomacy promoting harmony and stability.
🌍 African Union (AU)
📅 Established: 2002 (replaced OAU of 1963)
🏢 Headquarters: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
🎯 Motto: “An integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa.”
🛠 Agenda: Implementation of Agenda 2063 for Africa’s socio-economic transformation.
🕊 Focus Areas: Peace, security, economic growth, and continental unity.
UGC NET JRF/ Assistant professor
To Get *PDF / HARDCOPY* notes click here👇
wa.me/+919982735777?text=I_need_Complete_notes_with_DishaDarshan