UPSC MAP

Coffee in India ⚜India is the 5th largest export and producer in the coffee in the world and is emerging as the major coffee consuming country. ⚜Brazil is the top coffee producing country in the world. ⚜Bengaluru is the coffee capital of India and produces nearly 70% of India’s coffee. ⚜Arabica and Robusta are the two main varieties of coffee cultivating in India. ⚜Nearly 70% of India’s coffee is exported, largely to European and Asian markets. ⚜Coffee in India is traditionally grown in the rainforests of the Western Ghats in South India, covering Chikmagalur, Kodagu (Coorg), Wayanad, the Shevaroy Hills and the Nilgiris. ▫️ Follow @UPSC_MAP

#Lakes_and_dams Mettur dam: ▪️It is located across the Cauvery river in Mettur, Salem district of Tamil Nadu ▪️It was opened in 1934 ▪️It receives inflows from its own catchment area, Kabini dam and Krishna Raja Sagar dam located in Karnataka ▪️It forms Stanley reservoir named after Lt. Col. Sir George Frederick Stanley, who was the Governor of Madras in 1934 ▪️A park named Ellis park is situated at the base of the dam ▪️The dam provides irrigation and drinking water to more than 12 districts of Tamil Nadu and hence revered as Life and Livelihood giving asset of Tamil Nadu ▪️This dam also has a Hydroelectric power project in it ▪️Due to the subsequent construction of dams across Cauvery in Karnataka, this dam doesn't receive much water in lean seasons, leading to Kaveri River Water dispute between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka ▫️ Follow @UPSC_MAP

Decline in Artic Sea Ice ⚜Sea ice arises as seawater freezes, because ice is less dense than water, it floats on the ocean's surface. ⚜Sea ice covers about 7% of the Earth's surface and about 12% of the world's oceans. ⚜Recently, National Centre of Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) has observed the largest decline in the Arctic Sea ice in the last 41 years. ⚜According to recent observations in the last 40 years (1979-2018), the sea ice has been declining at 4.7% per decade, while the current declining rate was found to be 13% in July 2019. ⚜Additionally, it has been predicted that if this trend continues, there would be no ice left in the Arctic Sea by 2050. ⚜The decrease of the Arctic Sea ice area and the increase in the duration of summer and autumn seasons affected the local weather and climate over the Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas. ⚜The northern hemisphere experienced record high-temperature rise, especially during the spring and summer months. ▫️ Follow @UPSC_MAP

#Places_in_news Lohit River ⚜Lohit River or Zayü River is a river in India and China. ⚜ It is a tributary to the Brahmaputra River. ⚜Flows through Arunachal Pradesh ⚜Along with river Dihang merges into Brahmaputra, at Sadia town (Arunachal Pradesh) ⚜ Length: 450 km ▫️ Follow @UPSC_MAP

#Lakes_Dams Pulicat lake ▪️ Pulicat Lagoon is the second largest brackish water lagoon in India, after Chilika Lake. ▪️ Pulicat Lagoon is considered to be the second largest brackish water body in India measuring 759 square kilometres. ▪️ The lagoon is one of the three important wetlands to attract northeast monsoon rain clouds during the October to December season in the Tirupati Region. ▪️ The lagoon comprises the following regions, which adds up 759 square kilometres according to Andhra Pradesh Forest Department: 1) Pulicat Lake. 2) Marshy/Wetland Land Region. 3) Venadu Reserve Forest. 4) Pernadu Reserve Forest (AP). ▪️ The lagoon was cut across in the middle by the Sriharikota Link Road. ▪️ The lagoon encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary. ▪️ The barrier island of Sriharikota separates the lagoon from the Bay of Bengal and is home to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. ▪️ Major part of the lagoon comes under Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. Follow @UPSC_MAP

#Lakes_Dams Kolleru Lake ▪️ Kolleru Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in India located in state of Andhra Pradesh and forms the largest shallow freshwater lake in Asia, ▪️ Kolleru spans into two districts Krishna and West Godavari. ▪️ The lake is fed directly by water from the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru streams, and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari irrigation systems by over 67 major and minor irrigation canals. ▪️ This lake is a major tourist attraction. Many birds migrate here in winter, such as Siberian crane, ibis, and painted storks. ▪️ The lake was an important habitat for an estimated 20 million resident and migratory birds, including the grey or spot-billed pelican (Pelecanus philippensis). ▪️ The lake was declared as a wildlife sanctuary in November 1999 under India's Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, and designated a wetland of international importance in November 2002 under the international Ramsar Convention. Follow @UPSC_MAP

#straits Strait of Malacca ▪️ Strait of Malacca, waterway connecting the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) and the South China Sea (Pacific Ocean). ▪️It runs between the Indonesian island of Sumatra and peninsular Malaysia  to the east. Follow @UPSC_MAP

#Places_in_News ▪️ Turkey Located in West Asia. Bordered by : Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria. [ Remember as Turkey - GIGIBAS ] Sea: Opens out Black sea to the North, Mediterranean Sea to the South, Sea of Marmara in north west and Aegean sea in the west. Important information: Hagia Sophia, UNESCO World Heritage site which was converted into mosque recently was located in Turkey. ============================== Follow @UPSC_MAP ==============================

#Lakes_Dams Kodaikanal Lake ▪️ Kodaikanal Lake, also known as Kodai Lake is a manmade lake located in the Kodaikanal city in Dindigul district in Tamil Nadu, India. ▪️ The lake is star-shaped, centrally located in the town of Kodaikanal and is surrounded by lush green hills of the northwestern Palani Hills range ▪️ Kurinji (Strobilanthes kunthiana), a unique flowering plant is reported from the catchment area of the Lake. ▪️ Kodaikanal Lake have been identified as polluted and degraded requiring conservation under lake conservation plan 2001. ▪️ Kodaikanal Lake always remains in news Due to discharge of industrial effluents and Tourism pollution. ============================== Follow @UPSC_MAP ==============================

#Places_in_News ▪️ Mauritius In Headlines: Mauritius Oil Spill - A japanese bulk-carrier ship which was carrying fuel oil has split into two parts in south-east Mauritius. Important Info: Mauritius is situated just above the Tropic of Capricorn, in the south of Indian Ocean. Mauritius is a member of the African Union, Indian Ocean Rim Association and the Indian Ocean Commission. It is also a founding-member of the ‘Small Island Developing States’ (SIDS). India is Mauritius’s largest trading partner and has been the largest exporter of goods and services since 2007. Mauritius is the second largest source of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for India after Singapore. ============================== Follow @UPSC_MAP ==============================

#National_Park Rajiv Gandhi ( Orang ) National Park ▪️ The Orang National Park is located on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River in the Darrang and Sonitpur districts of Assam and covers an area of 78.81 square kilometers. ▪️ It was established as a wildlife sanctuary in 1985 but was declared as National Park in 1999.  ▪️ It is also 49th Tiger Reserve of the country, being notified in 2016. ▪️ It is also known as the mini Kaziranga National Park (IUCN site) since the two parks have a similar landscape made up of marshes, streams, and grasslands. 🔸 Follow @UPSC_MAP

#Places_in_News ▪️NAGORNO-KARABAKH PEACE DEAL Russia brokered a new peace deal between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the two countries that have been in a military conflict for over six weeks over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh in the South Caucasus. As per the new peace deal, both sides will now maintain positions in the areas that they currently hold, which will mean a significant gain for Azerbaijan as it has reclaimed over 15-20 per cent of its lost territory during the recent conflict, the AFP reported. Further, under this agreement, all military operations are suspended, Russian peacekeepers will be deployed along the line of contact in Nagorno-Karabakh and along the Lachin corridor that connects the region to Armenia. Straddling western Asia and Eastern Europe, Nagorno-Karabakh is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan, but most of the region is controlled by Armenian separatists. ============================== Follow @UPSC_MAP ==============================

#Lakes_Dams Hirakud Dam ▪️It is built across the Mahanadi river ▪️It is located nearer to Sambalpur in the state of Odisha ▪️Type of the dam is composite dam of earth, concrete and masonry ▪️ Construction: 1947-57 ▪️It is the longest dam in the world with a length of 25.8 Km ▪️It is the fourth largest dam in the world ▪️The aim of the dam is to control flood in Mahanadi, irrigation water supply and hydropower generation ▪️With successful irrigation provided by the dam, Sambalpur is called as Rice bowl of Odisha ▪️Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is nearer to the dam ============================== Follow @UPSC_MAP ==============================

♦️Biosphere Reserve of India ✅Image credit - Edubaba ✅Biosphere Reserve (BR) is an international designation by UNESCO for representative parts of natural and cultural landscapes extending over large area of terrestrial or coastal/ marine ecosystems or a combination thereof. ✅There are 18 Biosphere Reserves in the country. 1. Cold Desert, Himachal Pradesh 2. Nanda Devi, Uttrakhand 3. Khangchendzonga, Sikkim 4. Dehang-Debang, Arunachal Pradesh 5. Manas, Assam 6. Dibru-Saikhowa, Assam 7. Nokrek, Meghalaya 8. Panna, Madhya Pradesh 9. Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh 10. Achanakmar-Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh-Chhattisgarh 11. Kachchh, Gujarat (Largest Area) 12. Similipal, Odisha 13. Sundarban, West Bengal 14. Seshachalam, Andhra Pradesh 15. Agasthyamala, Karnataka-Tamil Nadu-Kerala 16. Nilgiri, Tamil Nadu-Kerala (First to be Included) 17. Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu 18. Great Nicobar, Andaman & Nicobar Island Follow @UPSC_MAP

#Lakes_and_dams Mettur dam: ▪️It is located across the Cauvery river in Mettur, Salem district of Tamil Nadu ▪️It was opened in 1934 ▪️It receives inflows from its own catchment area, Kabini dam and Krishna Raja Sagar dam located in Karnataka ▪️It forms Stanley reservoir named after Lt. Col. Sir George Frederick Stanley, who was the Governor of Madras in 1934 ▪️A park named Ellis park is situated at the base of the dam ▪️The dam provides irrigation and drinking water to more than 12 districts of Tamil Nadu and hence revered as Life and Livelihood giving asset of Tamil Nadu ▪️This dam also has a Hydroelectric power project in it ▪️Due to the subsequent construction of dams across Cauvery in Karnataka, this dam doesn't receive much water in lean seasons, leading to Kaveri River Water dispute between Tamil Nadu and Karnataka 🔸 Follow @UPSC_MAP

#map Tropic of Cancer is passes through the India, including: Gujarat Rajasthan Madya Pradesh Chhattisgarh Jharkhand West Bengal Tripura Mizoram

#National_Park Rajiv Gandhi ( Orang ) National Park ▪️ The Orang National Park is located on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River in the Darrang and Sonitpur districts of Assam and covers an area of 78.81 square kilometers. ▪️ It was established as a wildlife sanctuary in 1985 but was declared as National Park in 1999.  ▪️ It is also 49th Tiger Reserve of the country, being notified in 2016. ▪️ It is also known as the mini Kaziranga National Park (IUCN site) since the two parks have a similar landscape made up of marshes, streams, and grasslands. Follow @UPSC_MAP

♦Baralacha Pass ▪️The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) would reopen the Baralacha Pass. ▪️Baralacha La is a high mountain pass in Zanskar range, connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Leh district in Ladakh. ▪️Situated along the Leh–Manali Highway, it acts as a water-divide between the Bhaga river and the Yunam river. ▪️Bhaga river, a tributary of the Chenab river, originates from Surya taal lake, which is situated a few of kms from the pass towards Manali. ▪️Chandra, a major tributary of the Chenab River, also originates from a glacier in this region. ▪️The native name of Chenab, "Chandrabhaga", represents the union of Chandra and Bhaga rivers downstream. ▪️ Follow @UPSC_MAP