UPSC Materials Notes

CHOICE of MANY TOPPERS 🔥🔥 PRELIMS 2025 #2025_Aspirants SUNYA CA NOTES - Recommended by Toppers & Choice of Aspirants ! Sunya Notes - INEVITABLE ELEMENT in your UPSC CSE Preparation Many sources at ONE PLACE - PRELIMS 2025 CURRENT AFFAIRS - Save time & Ensure you don't miss anything! JUST 40-50 Pages per Month Register for MOST SUCCESSFUL SOURCE for PRELIMS CA! REGISTER At: https://www.sunyaias.com/subscription-details/prelims-2025-sunya-notes-current-affairs For Query, reach us at t.me/sunyacare

*🛡️Energy Security in India* ♟️India is accelerating its transition to renewable energy for energy security and sustainability. As of January 2025, non-fossil fuel capacity has reached 217.62 GW, with major contributions from solar (97.86 GW) and wind (48.16 GW) power. *💎Key Initiatives* ♟️National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023): Aims to position India as a global hydrogen leader with ₹8 lakh crore investment and a target of 5 million metric tons of green hydrogen production by 2030. ♟️CCDC Wind Initiative (2020): Strengthened wind energy mapping and data collection, contributing to 10 GW of new capacity. ♟️National Solar Mission: Propelled India's solar capacity from 9.01 GW in 2016 to 97.86 GW in 2025. Solar parks, rooftop programs, and off-grid solutions have expanded significantly. ♟️PM-KUSUM Scheme (2019): 6.1 lakh solar pumps installed to support farmers and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. ♟️PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (2024): Aims to power 1 crore households with rooftop solar by 2027, already achieving 7 lakh installations in 10 months. *💎Impact & Future Roadmap* ♟️Strengthening grid stability and reducing carbon emissions. ♟️Expanding offshore wind projects with ₹7,453 crore Viability Gap Funding. ♟️Creating 6 lakh green jobs by 2030 in hydrogen and renewables. ♟️India is on track to becoming a global leader in clean energy, ensuring economic resilience while reducing dependency on fossil fuels.

*🛡️Permanent Settlement* ♟️Zamindari System was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793 through the Permanent Settlement Act. ♟️It was introduced in the provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi. Also known as Permanent Settlement System. ♟️Zamindars were recognized as the owner of the lands. Zamindars were given the rights to collect the rent from the peasants. ♟️While the zamindars became the owners of the land, the actual farmers became tenants. ♟️The tax was to be paid even at the time of poor yield. The tax was to be paid in cash. Before introducing this system, the tax could be paid in kind. ♟️The realized amount would be divided into 11 parts. 1/11 of the share belongs to Zamindars and 10/11 of the share belongs to East India Company.

*🛡️Ramganga* ♟️Rises in Garhwal district of UK. ♟️River deflects to the South west by shiwaliks. ♟️Emerge in Ganga plain in Najibabad. ♟️The Khoh, the Gangan, the Aril, the Kosi, and the Deoha (Gorra) are important tributaries of Ramganga. ♟️Joins River Ganga in Hardoi district opposite of Kannauj.

*🛡️Evolution of Education Policy* ♟️University Education Commission (1948-49) ♟️Secondary Education Commission (1952-53) ♟️Education Commission (1964-66) under Dr. D.S. Kothari ♟️National Policy on Education, 1968 ♟️42nd Constitutional Amendment,1976-Education in Concurrent List ♟️National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986 ♟️NPE 1986 Modified in 1992 (Program of Action, 1992) ♟️T.S.R. Subramaniam Committee Report (27 May, 2016) ♟️Dr. K. Kasturirangan Committee Report (31 May, 2019) ♟️New Education Policy 2020

🔻आप कौन हो❓❓

Q. आप किस परीक्षा की तैयारी कर रहे हैं? Q. Which exam are you prepared?

🔻आप कौन हो❓❓

Q. आप किस परीक्षा की तैयारी कर रहे हैं? Q. Which exam are you prepared?

🌐UPSC Geography💽👇 https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9ML6iLo4hl8orDwc3k 🌐UPSC History💽👇 https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9L4FNKwqSMDPlSXd01 Join Fast 🔼⭐️

Uppsc DSP Topper Saumya rastogi पिछले 5 साल से PRE नहीं CLEAR हो रहा था , फिर ये पढ के सिलेक्शन हुआ SAUMYA RASTOGI जी का ,Rank 53 DSP बनीं ( up pcs topper finally selected from PCS KING 🔥GYAN SIR study for civil services ) . #uppsc #uppcs #uppcs2024 #uppsc2024 #uppcs2025 #uppsc2025 Uppsc 2024 Questions from SCS  = https://t.me/studyforcivilservices/47444 . UPPCS 2024 MAINS preparation COURSE (GS 1-6 + Essay+हिंदी) - सिर्फ सिलेक्शन की तैयारी - SDM,DSP यहीं से बनते हैं = https://youtu.be/f9lRhijBleM . UPPCS 2025 की शुरुआत से सिलेक्शन तक की तैयारी , सिर्फ ये और ऐसे पढ लिए तो सिलेक्शन पक्का  = https://t.me/studyforcivilservices/47641 https://t.me/studyforcivilservices/47645

*🛡️Trans - Himalayas* ♟️Lies immediately north of Great himalayan ranges. ♟️Also known as Tibetan Himalaya because lies in Tibet. ♟️Average elevation - 3000m. ♟️Average width - 40km in extremities and about 225km in Central part. ♟️Distance of about 1000km in east - west direction. ♟️This contain Tethys sediments. Rocks of this region contain fossil marine sediments but underlain by Tetitiary granite. ♟️The Zaskar, Ladakh, Kailash and Karakoram are main ranges. ♟️K2 lies here.

*🛡️Tropical Mansoon Climate* *💎Distribution* ♟️Some parts of world experience seasonal winds like land and sea breezes but on larger scale. ♟️These are Tropical monsoon lands with on-shore wet monsoons in summer and off-shore dry monsoons in winter. ♟️Best developed in Burma,Thailand, Laos,Cambodia,parts of vietnam and south china. *💎Climatic Conditions* ♟️In summer sun is overhead at the tropic of cancer, the land masses of northern hemisphere heated. ♟️A low pressure is set up in Central asia. ♟️At the same time Southern hemisphere experiences a winter and a region of high pressure created. ♟️Winds blows outwards as the south - east monsoon and after crossing the equator are drawn towards continental low pressure area reaching Indian sub-continent. *💎Seasons Of Tropical Mansoon Climate* ♟️Cool, dry season. ( oct to Feb ) ♟️Hot dry season. ( March to mid june ) ♟️Rainy season ( mid - june to September)