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Fever, jaundice, and right-upper quadrant abdominal pain (sometimes epigastric) This triad of signs & symptoms suggests cholengitis (inflammation of the common bile duct) and is present in about two thirds of patients

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Evolution, in effect, turned culture into the new genome. Armed with culture, humans could adapt to hostile new environments and figure out how to exploit formerly inaccessible or poisonous food sources in just one or two generations—instead of the hundreds or thousands of generations such adaptations would have taken to accomplish through genetic evolution. — The Tell-Tale Brain

Traditionally there are three ways to experiment on the brain: neurology (studying patients with brain lesions), neurophysiology (monitoring the activity of neural circuits or even of single cells), and brain imaging. Specialists in each of these areas are mutually contemptuous and have tended to see their own methodology as the most important window on brain functioning, but in recent decades there has been a growing realization that a combined attack on the problem is needed. Even philosophers have now joined the fray. Some of them, like Pat Churchland and Daniel Dennett, have a broad vision, which can be a valuable antidote to the narrow cul-de-sacs of specialization that the majority of neuroscientists find themselves trapped in. — The Tell-Tale Brain

Iraq, 2003, An Iraqi man comforts his 4-year-old son at a U.S. Army holding center for prisoners of war. By Jean-Marc Bouju

Sheikh Yassin, a crippled, semi-blind Islamic cleric, founded Hamas and was its spiritual leader until his assassination in 2004. He was originally approached by Israel with an offer of help and the promise of a license to expand. The Israelis hoped that, through his charity and educational work, this charismatic leader would counterbalance the power of the secular Fatah in the Gaza Strip and beyond. It is noteworthy that in the late 1970s Israel, like the United States and Britain, saw secular national movements (whose absence today they lament) as the worst enemy of the West. Hamas captured the hearts and minds of many Muslims (who make up the majority in the occupied territories) due the failure of secular modernity to find solutions to the daily hardships of life under occupation. As with other political Islamic groups around the Arab world, the failure of secular movements to provide employment, welfare, and economic security drove many people back into religion, which offered solace as well as established charity and solidarity networks. In the Middle East as a whole, as in the world at large, modernization and secularization benefited the few but left many unhappy, poor, and bitter. Religion seemed a panacea—and at times even a political option. — Ilan Pappé

When asked by the Washington Post about the Saudi-funded spread of Wahhabism, the austere faith that is dominant in the kingdom and that some have accused of being a source of global terrorism, The Saudi Crown Prince, Mohammed bin Salman said that investments in mosques and madrassas overseas were rooted in the Cold War, when allies asked Saudi Arabia to use its resources to prevent inroads in Muslim countries by the Soviet Union.

— The Tell-Tale Brain

He was basically saying that our love for plump, red lips may be because they resemble ripe fruits.

One is tempted to suggest—tongue in cheek—that our predilection for oral sex may also be an evolutionary throwback to our ancestors’ days as frugivores (fruit eaters). It is an ironic thought that our enjoyment of a Monet or a Van Gogh or of Romeo’s savoring Juliet’s kiss may ultimately trace back to an ancient attraction to ripe fruits and rumps. (This is what makes evolutionary psychology so much fun: You can come up with an outlandishly satirical theory and get away with it.)

Rhea فديت ربها

But then, to be this much free also entails becoming utterly inconsequential

الحريّة—أنْ يَنساك العالَم وتُعتَق مِن ذاكرةِ الناس