UPSC GEOGRAPHY

■ ROCKS #Rocks #geomorphology ◇ The materials of the crust or lithosphere are generally called as rocks. The word lithosphere, in fact means rock sphere as the literal meaning of lithos is rock. ◇ The smallest component of the crust or the lithosphere is element. ◇ More than one element of the earth's crust are organized to form compounds which are known as minerals and minerals are organized to form rocks. ◇ The important mineral groups are silicates, carbonates, sulphides, metal oxides etc ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

👆8Qs in GS-1, 13Qs in GS-2 & 11Qs in GS-3 in CSE Main 2023 from our IAS Mentorship Program👈 👉 Our UPSC CSE Toppers 👉https://youtu.be/B0tOU7hlVsc 👉https://youtu.be/8484fIg4M3U 👉https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piJ1YSx2vec 👉 https://youtu.be/ANCJR190ayc            .     👇Join👇 "IAS Mentorship Program - CSE 2024" (with Reyasat Ali sir, CSE Mentor/ educator since 2011 & experienced team) 👉*Online course 👉Batch Starts: 17th OCT 👉*Contact - 8090528260, 9319612575 For Details Visit: https://www.iasmentorship.com/?utm_source=Social+Media&utm_medium=Teligram 👉Why to join IAS Mentorship program?? (1) 👉Our Results *Tarun Bansal (AIR 204,2022 *Abhishek Vashishtha (IPS-2023 *Maya Chahar (AIR 547,2022 *Taskeen Khan (AIR 736,2022 *Nidhi Singh (AIR 748,2022 *Mohibullah Ansari (IPS-2021 *Vivek Yadav(AIR 393,CSE-2021 *ILMA AFROZ IPS-2018 (2) 👉Our Performance in CSE Main exam: Every year at least 10 to 15 Qs in each GS papers from our IAS Mentorship Program 👉Join Telegram for CSE support👇 https://t.me/+SMjIfcj3AZf6SVJy

■ ROCKS #Rocks #geomorphology ◇ The materials of the crust or lithosphere are generally called as rocks. The word lithosphere, in fact means rock sphere as the literal meaning of lithos is rock. ◇ The smallest component of the crust or the lithosphere is element. ◇ More than one element of the earth's crust are organized to form compounds which are known as minerals and minerals are organized to form rocks. ◇ The important mineral groups are silicates, carbonates, sulphides, metal oxides etc ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

Demo Questions for UPSC Prelims Test Series 2024. Average score: 8/20. Solve: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/990 Telegram link: https://t.me/goalTide

◇ Reverse faults - are formed due to the movement of both the fractured rock blocks towards each other. • The vertical stress is minimum while the horizontal stress is maximum. • Reverse faults are also called as thrust faults. • Since the reverse fault is formed due to compressive force resulting from horizontal movement and hence this is also called as compressional fault. ◇ When the compressive force exceeds the strength of the rocks, one block of the fault overrides the other block and the resultant fault is called as overthrust fault wherein the fault plane becomes almost horizontal. ◇ Lateral or strike-slip faults are formed when the rock blocks are displaced horizontally along the fault plane due to horizontal movement. These are called left-lateral or sinistral faults when the displacement of the rock blocks occur to the left on the far side of the fault and right-lateral or dextral faults when the displacement of rock blocks takes place to the right on the far side of the fault. ◇ Step faults: When a series of faults occur in any area in such a way that the slopes of all the fault planes of all the faults are in the same direction, the resultant faults are called as step faults.

Hiring for Experienced VIDEO content developers for all topics of GS and CURRENT affairs UPSC CSE Interested one can call/Telegram/WhatsApp 9580393900 Telegram: @reyasatalisir

◇ Reverse faults - are formed due to the movement of both the fractured rock blocks towards each other. • The vertical stress is minimum while the horizontal stress is maximum. • Reverse faults are also called as thrust faults. • Since the reverse fault is formed due to compressive force resulting from horizontal movement and hence this is also called as compressional fault. ◇ When the compressive force exceeds the strength of the rocks, one block of the fault overrides the other block and the resultant fault is called as overthrust fault wherein the fault plane becomes almost horizontal. ◇ Lateral or strike-slip faults are formed when the rock blocks are displaced horizontally along the fault plane due to horizontal movement. These are called left-lateral or sinistral faults when the displacement of the rock blocks occur to the left on the far side of the fault and right-lateral or dextral faults when the displacement of rock blocks takes place to the right on the far side of the fault. ◇ Step faults: When a series of faults occur in any area in such a way that the slopes of all the fault planes of all the faults are in the same direction, the resultant faults are called as step faults.

■ TYPES OF FAULTS ◇ The different types of faulting of the crustal rocks are determined by the direction of motion along the fracture plane. Generally (the relative movement or displacement of the rock blocks or the slip of the rock blocks occurs approximately in two directions viz. - i) either to the direction of the dip (ii) to the direction of the strike of the fault plane. ◇ Normal faults - are formed due to the displacement of both the rock blocks in opposite directions due to fracture consequent upon greatest stress.

◇ Foot wall represents the lower wall of a fault. ◇ Fault scarp is the steep wall-like slope caused by faulting of the crustal rocks. Sometimes the fault scrap is so steep that it resembles a cliff. It may be pointed out that scarps are not always formed due to faulting alone, rather these are also formed due to erosion, but whenever these are formed by faulting (tectonic forces), these are called 'fault-scarpts. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

■ FAULTS #Geomorphology #Earthsmovement ◇ When the crustal rocks are displaced, due to tensional movement caused by the endogenetic forces, along a plane the resultant structure is called Fault. ◇ The plane along which the rock blocks are displaced is called fault plane. □ Important terms related to faults ◇ Fault plane is that plane along which the rock blocks are displaced by tensional and compressional forces acting vertically and horizontally to form a fault. ◇ A fault plane may be vertical, inclined, horizontal, curved or of any other form. ◇ Fault dip is the angle between the fault plane and horizontal plane. ◇ Upthrown side represents the upper most block of a fault. ◇ Downthrown side represents the lowermost block of a fault. ◇ Hanging wall is the upper wall of a fault.

Demo Questions for UPSC Prelims Test Series 2024. Average score: 8/20. Solve: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/988 Telegram link: https://t.me/goalTide

➡️ Download Tamil Nadu Book For IAS Exam ↪️ https://upscpdf.com/2023/10/17/download-tamil-board-geography-book-for-ias-exam/ ↪️ https://upscpdf.com/2023/10/17/download-tamil-board-political-science-book-for-ias-exam/ ↪️ https://upscpdf.com/2023/10/17/download-tamil-board-economics-book-for-ias-exam/ ↪️ https://upscpdf.com/2023/10/17/download-tamil-board-biology-for-neet-and-upsc-exam/ ↪️ https://upscpdf.com/2023/10/17/download-tamil-nadu-board-science-book-for-ias-exam/ ↪️ https://upscpdf.com/2023/10/17/download-tamil-nadu-board-social-science-book-for-ias-exam/ ↪️ https://upscpdf.com/2023/10/17/download-tamil-nadu-board-books-important-for-upsc-state-psc-exam/

■ NAPPES #Geomorphology #Earthsmovements ◇ Nappes are the result of complex folding mechanism caused by intense horizontal movement and resultant compressive force. Both the limbs of a recumbent fold are parallel and horizontal. ◇ Due to further increase in the continued compressive force one limb of the recumbent folds slides forward and overrides the other fold. This process is called thrust and the plane along which one part of the fold is thrust is called thrust plane. ◇ The upthrust part of the fold is called 'overthrust fold'. When the compressive force becomes so acute that it crosses the limit of the elasticity of the rock beds, the limbs of the fold are so acutely folded that these break at the axis of the fold and the lower rock beds come upward. ◇ Such broken limb of the fold is called nappe. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes