UPSC GEOGRAPHY

■ PULSES #Agriculture ◇ Pulses are legume crops which increase the natural fertility of soils through nitrogen fixation. ◇ Further, they are also rich sources of protein. Gram and tur are the main pulses cultivated in India. ◇ India is the leading producer of pulses and accounts for about one-fifth of total production of pulses in the world. ◇ Madhya Pradesh is the leading producer of pulses followed by Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka. • Gram: Gram is a rainfed crop cultivated during rabi season in central, western, and northwestern parts of the country. At present, gram covers only about 2.8% of the total cropped area in the country. • Black Gram (Urad): Urad can be cultivated as both kharif and rabi crops. • Green Gram (Moong): Moong can be cultivated as both kharif and rabi crops. • Tur: Tur is the second most important pulse crop in the country. It is also known as red gram or pigeon pea. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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■ MAIZE #Agriculture ◇ Maize is a food as well as fodder crop sown under semi-arid climatic conditions and over inferior soils. ◇ This crop occupies only about 3.6% of the total cropped area. ◇ It can be used for the production of starch. Maize has oil extracts that can be converted to ethanol or biodiesel. Alcoholic beverages can also be produced using maize. ◇ The U.S.A is the largest producer of maize in the world and contributes nearly 35% of the total production in the world. ◇ In India, maize is the third most important food crop after rice and wheat and its production is likely to be 2.23 MT (2012-13) mainly during kharif season. ◇ The prominent maize growing states are Andhra Pradesh (20.9%), Karnataka (16.5%), Rajasthan (9.9%), Maharashtra (9.1%), and Bihar (8.9%). ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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■ BAJRA #Agriculture #Millets ◇ Bajra is sown in hot and dry climatic conditions in north-western and western parts of the country. It is a hardy crop which resists frequent dry spells and drought in the country. ◇ This coarse cereal occupies about 5.2% of the total cropped area in the country. ◇ Rajasthan is the leading producer of Bajra in the country followed by Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Haryana. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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■ JOWAR #Agriculture #Millets ◇ The coarse cereals together occupy 16.50% of the total cropped area in the country. ◇ Among these, jowar and sorghum alone accounts for about 5.3% of the total cropped area. It is the main food in semi-arid areas of central and southern India. ◇ Maharashtra alone produces more than half of the total jowar production in the country. Other leading producer states of jowar are Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. ◇ It is sown in both kharif and rabi seasons in southern states but it is a kharif crop in northern India where it is mostly grown as a fodder crop. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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