UPSC GEOGRAPHY

■ ASHTAMUDI LAKE. ◇ Ashtamudi Lake or Ashtamudi Kayal , is in the Kollam District of Kerala. ◇ It possesses a unique wetland ecosystem and a large palm-shaped water body. ◇ Ashtamudi means ‘eight braids’ in the local Malayalam language. ◇ The name is indicative of the lake’s topography with its multiple branches. ◇ The lake is also called the gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is well known for its houseboat and backwater resorts. ◇ Ashtamudi Wetland was included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands. ▪︎ https://t.me/upsc_geography_notes_optional

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■ HYDROLYSIS #Geomorphology #Geomorphicmovements #Chemicalweathering ◇ In biological hydrolysis, a water molecule is consumed to affect the separation of a larger molecule into component parts. ◇ In biological hydrolysis pure water reacts with silicate or carbonate minerals resulting in the complete dissolution of the original mineral (dissolution weathering). ◇ Biological hydrolysis is an important reaction in controlling the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and can affect climate. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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■ HYDRATION #Geomorphology #Geomorphicmovements #Chemicalweathering ◇ Hydration is the chemical addition of water that involves the rigid attachment of H+ and OH- ions to the atoms and molecules of a mineral. ◇ When rock minerals take up water, the increased volume creates physical stresses within the rock. For example, iron oxides are converted to iron hydroxides which are larger in volume. ◇ Hydration is reversible, and continued repetition of this process causes fatigue in the rocks and may lead to their disintegration. ◇ The volume changes in minerals due to hydration will also help in physical weathering through exfoliation and granular disintegration. ◇ Hydration is reversible, and continued repetition of this process causes fatigue in the rocks and may lead to their disintegration. ◇ The volume changes in minerals due to hydration will also help in physical weathering through exfoliation and granular disintegration. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes

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■ ANTHROPOGENIC SOLUTION WEATHERING #Geomorphology #Geomorphicmovements #Chemicalweathering ◇ Rainfall is naturally acidic ― pH of ~5.6 (CO2 dissolves in the rainwater producing weak carbonic acid). ◇ Acid rain occurs when gases such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are present in the atmosphere. ◇ These oxides react in the rainwater to produce stronger acids and can lower the pH to less than 4. ◇ These acids are capable of attacking certain kinds of rocks in much the way that carbonic acid does. ◇ Sulphur dioxide, SO2, comes from volcanic eruptions or fossil fuels. The conversion of metallic ores to the pure metals often results in the formation of sulphur dioxide. ▪︎JOIN - @upsc_geography_notes