اليوم نسولف عن ال. Coma
تعريف ال coma هي
Unresponsive,unreactive patient.
طبعا الميكانيزم مال consciousnesses
-all stimuli give fiber to RAS in brainstem which will stimulate both cerebral hemisphere >>maintain our
conscious.
-من يحيك شخص للطوارئ فاقد الوعي ،لازم تخلي بالك شنو ال DDx وع اساسها تبدي تسوي ال Mx.
خلي نقسم الاسباب لقسمين ،اما intracranial او extracranial و اول شي تخليه بالك هو hypoglycemia
1- intracranial causes(CT, MRI,LP)
A-brainstemstroke (MRI)
B-SAH(CT)
C-meningitis (LP)
D-encephalitis (MRI)
E-brain tumor
F-brain abscess
G-post ictal
2-extracrinail(need multible Inx)
A-chest >pneumonia =by CXR
B-Heart >hypertensive encephalopathy (check BP),Adam stocks attack (ECG)
C-kidney CKD and electrolytes disturbance(BUN,Cr)
D-Endocrine=hypoglycemia,DKA,myxedema coma,thyroid storm(RBS,TFT)
F-infection anywhere such as UTI (GUE)
لحد الأن عرفنه شنو الاسباب ،هسه اجاك مريض فاقد الوعي ،شنو اول خطوه تسويها ؟
اول شي نسوي ABC ,وبعدين ال coma cocktial والي هي ننطي ثلاث اشياء:
1-glucose (for hypoglycemia)
2-thiamine (for alcoholics intoxication)
3-naloxone (for opioid overdose)
واهم واحد بيهن هو ال glucose.
-الشي الثاني المهم تاخذ ال vital sgins :
1-BP:
if increase you should think about many ddx such as thyrotoxicosis crisis ,hypertensive encephalopathy,acute renal failure and
other.
Or may be secondary to cushing reflx .
If hypotension May be in shock.
2-HR:
If increase:fever,shock,arrhythmia,thyrotoxicosis
Decrease:myxedema coma ,opioid,hypothermia and other.
3-temperature:
Increase;meningitis,encephalitis,brain abscess,thyroid storm .
Decrease:myxedema coma ,hypothermia and sepsis
5-respiration:
A-chyne stock breating=brain (which are hyperventilation and apnea)
B-apneustic breathing =pons(sudden interruption of respiration during inspirations)
C-ataxic or chaotic breating =medulla (variations in rate and depth)
D-kussmaulś breathing’s =metabolic acidosis.
الشي الثالث المهم ،تاخذ ال neuro exam واهم شي GCS وكذلك ال pupils الي هو كلش مهم ب coma :
-if constricted bilaterally:pontine hge ,organophosphorus poisoning.
If constricted unilateral:hornerś syndrome
-if dilated bilaterally:hypothermia,TCAD poisoning.
-if dilated unilateral :oculomotor nerve pulsy
الشي الرابع تكمل السستمك اكزام مثلا stigma of CLD,,CKD ,,Sgins of hypo or hyperthyroidism.
بقى التريتمنت حسب ال underlying cause
#neurology