Minds Of Aspirants (Official)

Date → 23 March • Organisation → WMO • Established → 1950 • Headquarters → Geneva, Switzerland • Parent organisation → UN Prelims’2026

Heartfelt congratulations to Mr. Sabareeshwaran for securing AIR 700 in UPSC CSE 2025. It is a matter of great pride and privilege to have been a part of his civil services journey. On behalf of the Minds of Aspirants family, I wish him continued success and many greater achievements in the years ahead.

Anthropology paper 2 Case study Gs1 social issues G3 inclusive growth Gs4 Good governance Impact of government programs and policies empowering the tribal population of India

What is Exercise Kakadu? • Host country: Australia 🇦🇺 • Organised by: Royal Australian Navy • Frequency: Biennial (once in 2 years) • Location: Primarily near Darwin • Participants: 20+ navies from Indo-Pacific and beyond 🌐 • Focus areas: • Maritime security • Anti-submarine warfare • Air defence • Search & rescue operations • Interoperability between navies Youtube link - https://youtu.be/p5X7C9NFagQ?si=ETlgXToJ0IbQG2S5

March 23 The one thing that keeps haunting while turning the pages of our history is the fact that-how will someone who is about to be hanged not write a mercy petition? But Bhagat singh and his comrades instead asked for them to be shot by a firing squad. And in his final act of defiance he was reading a book written on the life of Lenin and went to the gallows embracing death for the principle of freedom! May be if he had not shot dead saunders,may be if lala lajpat rai had not been lathi charged, may be if Simon commission had not come,may be we might have seen a different leader in the pages of our country. But all that history shows is that we all play the part we are supposed to at the moment and what matters is if we are ready to face the consequences of our actions.And bagat singh and his comrades did face it with a smile. Whenever I have ever felt low , the one book I always go back to is ,”why I am an atheist”. May his words and revolution live with us forever! Inquilab zindabad!

Revise with MoA| Environment PYQ| Environment Source Book

According to National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development infographic (source: Ministry of Jal Shakti): ~80% of India’s freshwater is used in agriculture 🌾 Approx share of freshwater use (India) Agricultur~80% Domestic use~6–8% Industry~10–12%

Bhimbedka Mesolithic Microliths Culture Gs1 Anthropology paper 2

GLOBAL FRESH WATER DISTRIBUTION Total water on Earth = 100% Saline water (oceans) = 97.5% Fresh water = 2.5% Distribution of Freshwater (2.5%) 1. Glaciers & Ice Caps = 68.7% 2. Groundwater = 30.1% 3. Permafrost = 0.8% 4. Surface water & other freshwater = 0.4% Breakup of Surface Water (0.4%) 1. Lakes = 67.4% 2. Soil Moisture = 12.2% 3. Atmosphere = 9.5% 4. Swamps & Marshes = 8.5% 5. Rivers = 1.6% 6. Biological Water = 0.8% Key Insight: Major freshwater is locked in glaciers and groundwater. Easily accessible freshwater (rivers, lakes etc.) is less than 1%.

March 21 International forest day

March 18 Global recycling day

PYQ 2015 question, As per stockholm international water institute, india possess 4 % of freshwater resources for 140 Billion people. Reason : 1. Regional variation of physiography * In northern India, Himalayan rivers are perennial in nature Eg. Indus, Ganga * In Southern region, river are non perennial, seasonal in nature Only flows during rainfall. * In Western india, rivers are ephemeral in nature Eg. River luni in Rajasthan *In Eastern india, Brahmaputra drained in Bay of bengal. Despite availability of river water, it causes flood and destruction but couldn't utilise it's full potential. 2. Lack of water Management technique 3. Apart from river, other freshwater resources such as ponds, lakes, tanks not maintained or preserved. 4. Lower groundwater table and exploitation of groundwater Eg. Punjab, Harayana 5. Water Pollution 6. Lacking in governance 7. Monsoon failure 8. Water intensive crops such as rice and sugarcane.

Gs2 Cases to be noted for mains’26 Gian Kaur case Aruna shanbaug case Common causes case guidelines for passive euthanasia

PYQ 2015 Gs 4

Right to die with dignity Gs 2 Gs 4 Euthanasia

PYQ 2024 Gs 2