Economics an addiction( Dr. Vibhas jha)

Ans10.) Sustainable development implies that development policies of current generation should not compromise the development prospects of future generations. Lack of sustainable development takes place due to - poor choice of agriculture practice like choosing wrong crops not suitable for agroclimatic region - Poor laws and regulations for protecting environment - Lack of modern technology where outdated technology leads to pollution - Not controlling emissions due to old machines - Poor waste treatment facilities which leads to effluent discharge. The large projects are not necessarily detrimental to environment. The negative impact they have had need to be corrected by the efforts to improve them. For example a large infrastructure project like road development can create short term disruption but it can reduce emissions in the long run. However certain projects like large dams can do irreversible damage and thus more care should be taken in their implementation. Thus a balance is needed in development of projects and protection of ecology.

Ans9.) Crop diversity implies a cropping pattern where there is even share of multiple crops so that there is ample availability of all crops. India has suffered in the recent past as more than 40% of gross cropped area has been occupied by rice and wheat. It has made India a rice wheat economy. The reasons for same are - Open procurement of wheat and rice in msp leads to over production. - Assured market support as private traders prefer wheat and rice - Easy credit available for wheat and rice due to assured sale - Fertilizer and irrigation subsidy has resulted in encouraging their production irrespective of agro climatic region. - Lack of storage and processing support discourages production of high value crops, reflected in less than potential growth of horticulture. - Lack of insurance support discourages risk taking and move towards pulses, oilseeds etc. This has led to ecological loss, low productivity, high inequality and stagnation of farm income, all of which is a challenge for farmer's growth. This can be controlled by - providing income transfer like pm kisan - Assuring purchases of oilseeds and pulses through NAFED or TRIFED. - Promotion of investment in irrigation capacity, improved soil health, mechanization etc - Encouraging farmers to take risk by providing insurance support - Promoting post harvest infrastructure like processing, grading, storage to promote horticulture - Developing supply chain for multiple crops, through contract farming. - Promotion of plantation agriculture Therefore both technical and institutional reforms are needed to assure that India realises its agricultural potential and turns from net importer of crops like oilseeds, pulses etc to an exporter.

We had a detailed discussion on economics optional and its preparation strategy. Hope it helps all.

The seminar will be at Vivekanand house.

Ans8.) It is possible to have inclusive growth in market economy if institutions and rules are well established. It can be achieved by - Environmental rules - This means that govt should make rules and institutions to assure environment is well protected. It requires setting emission norms and establishing rules related to effluent treatment by industry. It also needs creating rules to assure proper use of technology to remove any outdated polluting techniques. - Corporate social responsibility will also help in assuring that business and individual confidence can be improved. Under this firms above a particular level of turnover, net worth and profit are expected to provide socially relevant output like education, health care, ecological sustainability, gender equity etc to improve over all well being in society. It also helps in assuring that corporates fulfill their social obligations and contribute to social welfare. - It requires corporate governance rules. These require that board of directors work for not only benefit of promoters and large share holders but also for benefit of small shareholders, creditors and workers. It needs ethical running of business with transparency. This results in profit through value creation and not by market manipulation. - Establishment of proper regulatory bodies like competition commission of India, SEBI etc. This assures that there is no misuse of market power, no manipulation of markets and proper development of consumer's rights. - Promoting ease of doing business assures technological upliftment, quality improvement, cost cutting and better market conditions. This all of these can create inclusive growth in market economy as seen in countries like South Korea, Germany, Japan etc. and that should be the way forward in development policies of India

Ans7.) Jal Jeevan Mission was launched on 15th August 2019 to provide tap water to every household in India. It has increased tap capacity from 3.2 crore houses in 2019 to 16.1 crore rural household by March 2026. Tap water has reached all household, schools and anganwadi centres in 192 districts. 1,27,000 gram panchayat have reported full coverage. 11 states and UT have 100% connectivity of tap water. It has given priority to drought prone region, desert villages and sansad Adarsh gram yojana. It also monitors for functionality of tap with sustainable water supply through rejuvenation of water resources. It empowers and develops human resources in the sector and raises awareness for safe drinking water. It has provided - quality assurance and monitoring with 2843 labs. - Development of piped water systems - Establishing bulk water transfer system - improved techniques to improve water quality - functional tap with water supply of 55 ltr per capita per day. - treatment and reuse of grey water. Therefore it has focused on not only water supply but helped in better health and reduced drudgery of life for many women who had to spend time and effort for getting regular water supply

I will be meeting you tomorrow for the session. Blessings

Open Session on Economics Optional | 4th July | 5:00 PM Planning to choose Economics Optional for UPSC CSE? Join this exclusive Open Session with Vibhas Jha Sir and get a clear understanding of: ✔️ The complete preparation roadmap ✔️ PYQ & trend analysis ✔️ Live interaction with the faculty to resolve your queries Whether you're still deciding your optional or looking for the right strategy, this session will help you make an informed start. 🔗 Register & know more: https://www.nextias.com/classroom-courses/optional-foundation-economics 📍 Venue: Vivekananda House, Karol Bagh, New Delhi 🗓 Date: 4th July 🕔 Time: 5:00 PM 💻 Mode: Offline + Live Online Right Optional. Right Start. Right Strategy.

Dear all All those who are writing mains with economics optional can send your number to @ECONOMICS_08 or @dnain01. We are forming a seperate group for focused guidance. It is only for mains economics optional support to make all of you successful. Please feel free to reach out for any support needed. Blessings

Unfortunately telegram was banned so I couldn't share the answers. Will share it from this week

Ans6.) VB G RAM G has been announced from 2025 and will be implemented from 2026 to replace MNREGA. The objective is to assure modern architecture of rural development with aim of being in synchronization with viksit Bharat. Its main features are -, It increases the number of guaranteed days of work of rural employment from 100 days in MNREGA to 125 days to provide livelihood security and income stability. - It will allow smooth transition for workers by accepting their mnrega job card until they get valid grameen rozgar guarantee card - Workers can demand job orally, digitally and in writing. There is also provision of unemployment allowance at 1/4 of notified wage in first month of financial year and 1/2 of notified wage thereafter. - There has to be weekly wage payment and after a fortnight interest at 0.05% per day will be given. Wage will be paid through DBT. - It has been converted to a centrally sponsored scheme where states have to contribute 40%. - It is based on theme of employment as well as dignity. The work has thematic distribution like focusing on water security, core rural infrastructure works, livelihood related infrastructure and climate resilience. - The states can notify an aggregate pause of 60 days in the year for smooth availability of agricultural workers. - It provisions for rest area, safety and creche facilities if more than 5 children of 5 years are present. - Use of modern technology like biometric authentication, real time dashboard, digital recording etc to assure less corruption - Central government will have the right to make temporary relaxation during natural calamity and extraordinary situations to suspend or expand the act. This is targeted to improve not only rural employment but also rural infrastructure, skills and support of development policies to promote alignment with goals of Viksit Bharat

Q9.) What are the reasons for lack of crop diversification in agricultural system in India? How it can be resolved? 250 words Q10.) What are the reasons for lack of sustainable development? Do you think large projects are always against environment? 150 words Q11.) Examine the challenges of agricultural marketing in India. How can it be resolved?

Ans5.) PDS operates under NFSA with the objective of life cycle support for nutrition and hunger affliction. It covers approximately 80 crore people in India's population and it is regarded as world's largest food security program in terms of coverage. It has been instrumental in following benefits - It has given food security to India as reflected improvement observed in continuous NFHS where number of people reporting lack of access to food has come down from 12% in 2009 to 0.02% of population in 2024. - It has created supply chain for distribution of food grains which assures employment and continuous availability of food grain. - It has improved disposable income of people by saving their expenses on food. - It is useful for farmers as it is creating an assured market for crops. - It has also been useful in improving targeted food coverage in remote areas. - Better nutrition support to children However the challenges are - Lack of nutrition improvement reflected in stunting and wasting of more than 20% among children - Ecological degradation due to high production of wheat and rice. - Exclusion error due to lack of biometric authentication, closure of shop and non availability. - Inclusion error as the number of people covered is very high - Leakages observed due to corruption - Very high budgetary burden on government without creating commensurate benefits. The total budgetary support in last 5 years is more than 10 lakh crore. This can be improved by - Digitisation of records for better delivery. - Alternative identification possibility to avoid exclusion error - Option of shifting to DBT to reduce transfer cost - Gradually rationalising the number of beneficiaries to use resources for nutrition improvement. Therefore pds can be used for saving people from sudden distress and hence government has focused on improved targeting with focused delivery.