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UPSC prelims MCQs CAPF NDA PSC
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تُعد قناة UPSC prelims MCQs CAPF NDA PSC (@upsc_prelims_mcq) في القطاع اللغوي الإنكليزية لاعباً نشطاً. يضم المجتمع حالياً 29 276 مشتركاً، محتلاً المرتبة 6 666 في فئة التعليم والمرتبة 14 687 في منطقة الهند.
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بفضل وتيرة التحديث المرتفعة (أحدث البيانات بتاريخ 17 يونيو, 2026) تحافظ القناة على حداثتها ومستوى وصول مرتفع. وتُظهر التحليلات تفاعلاً نشطاً من الجمهور، ما يجعلها نقطة تأثير مهمة ضمن فئة التعليم.
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The correct answer option is (b) Rajagriha 🟢.
Detailed Explanation
🟢 Why (b) is correct: Rajagriha (modern-day Rajgir, Bihar) served as the earliest capital of the ancient Magadha kingdom. Geographically surrounded by five protective hills, it formed a natural stone fortress that made it virtually impregnable to enemy invasions. It was originally called Girivraja and remained the political epicenter under early Magadhan rulers like King Bimbisara and King Ajatashatru.
❌ Why (a) is incorrect: Pataliputra (modern-day Patna) became the capital of Magadha much later. It was founded as a fortified village (Patali-grama) by Ajatashatru, but his successor Udayin formally shifted the permanent imperial capital from Rajagriha to Pataliputra due to its strategic riverine location.
❌ Why (c) is incorrect: Champa was the capital of the neighboring Anga Mahajanapada (located in the modern Bhagalpur and Munger regions of Bihar). It was subsequently annexed into Magadha by King Bimbisara.
❌ Why (d) is incorrect: Vaishali served as the capital of the Vrijji Mahajanapada (the world's earliest republic). It briefly became the capital of Magadha during the reign of King Shishunaga, but was not the primary early seat of Magadhan power.
Chronological Capitals of the Magadha Empire
Chronology —— Capital City —— Primary Dynasties —— Strategic Geographical Feature
1st —— Rajagriha (Girivraja) —— Brihadratha, Early Haryanka —— Hill-fortress (Giri-durga)
2nd —— Pataliputra —— Later Haryanka, Maurya, Gupta —— Water-fortress (Jala-durga)
3rd —— Vaishali —— Shishunaga (Temporary shift) —— Riverine plains hub
4th —— Pataliputra (Restored) —— Shishunaga, Nanda, Mauryan —— Centralized economic convergence
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Q26
Which city served as the capital of the ancient kingdom of Magadha during the early Vedic period?
(a) Pataliputra
(b) Rajagriha
(c) Champa
(d) Vaishali
(e) Not attempted
69th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2023
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The correct answer option is (e) None of the above 🟢.
Detailed Explanation
🟢 Why (e) is correct: Historically and archaeologically, the use of iron in the Indian subcontinent began during the Iron Age, roughly 3,000 years ago (around 1000 BCE). Early evidence of iron metallurgy and iron implements has been excavated from major sites like Atranjikhera (Uttar Pradesh), Hallur (Karnataka), and Malhar (Varanasi). Since 3,000 years ago is not listed in options (a), (b), or (c), "None of the above" is the right choice.
❌ Why (a) is incorrect: 9,000 years ago (~7000 BCE) marks the transition to the early Neolithic Age(New Stone Age) in places like Mehrgarh, where early agriculture began using stone tools, not iron.
❌ Why (b) is incorrect: 12,000 years ago (~10000 BCE) corresponds to the Mesolithic Age (Middle Stone Age), characterized by microliths (tiny stone tools) and hunting-gathering economies.
❌ Why (c) is incorrect: 6,000 years ago (~4000 BCE) marks the Chalcolithic transition and the early phases leading to the Bronze Age (Indus Valley Civilization), which relied heavily on copper and bronze, as iron technology was entirely unknown to them.
Important BPSC Pivot: Iron Age Discoveries in Bihar
Recent excavations at sites like Chirand (Saran), Taradih (Gaya), and Chechar (Vaishali) have shown a clear cultural transition from the Chalcolithic (copper-stone) phase to the Iron Age around 1000–800 BCE. The widespread use of iron axes and ploughshares allowed early settlers to clear the dense forests of the Gangetic plains, paving the way for the rise of the Magadha Empire.
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Q27
When did the use of iron begin in the Indian subcontinent?
(a) Around 9000 years ago
(b) Around 12000 years ago
(c) Around 6000 years ago
(d) More than one of the above
(e) None of the above
68th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2022
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The correct answer option according to official state resources and BPSC answer keys is (c) Fifth 🟢 (though some leading platforms and alternative historical chronologies cite it as the sixth generation).
Historical Continuity of the Bodhi Vriksha
The original Peepal tree (Ficus religiosa) under which Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment has undergone multiple destruction and replanting phases across the centuries:
1st Destruction: According to ancient texts, Emperor Ashoka's queen, Tishyarakshita, out of jealousy, tried to destroy the original tree with poisonous thorns. It was revived by Ashoka.
2nd Destruction: In the early 7th century CE, King Shashanka of Gauda (a staunch anti-Buddhist ruler) cut down the tree and burnt its roots to eliminate it entirely. King Purnavarma of Magadha subsequently planted a sapling from the original roots.
3rd Destruction & Current Tree: The tree perished again due to age and a massive storm in 1876. British archaeologist Sir Alexander Cunningham successfully planted a fresh sapling in 1881. This sapling was brought back from the Anuradhapura Sri Maha Bodhi tree in Sri Lanka—which was originally grown from a direct branch of the original tree sent by Emperor Ashoka via his daughter Sanghamitta in the 3rd century BCE.
BPSC Exam Matrix: The Disputed Generations
The Fifth Generation Argument (Official Bihar Government Stance): The official portal of the Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation (BSTDC) explicitly documents that "The present Bodhi Tree is probably the fifth succession of the original tree under which the Buddha had attained enlightenment."
The Sixth Generation Argument (GKToday & General Compendiums): Several prominent national competitive resources state that accounting for every documented localized branch decay and minor root regeneration, the present iteration stands as the 6th generation.
When solving this specific question in the BPSC prelims, opting for the Fifth Generation aligns perfectly with official Bihar Tourism texts and state-sanctioned historical timelines.
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Q28
The ‘Bodhi Vriksha’ in Bodh Gaya belongs to which generation of its family?
(a) Third
(b) Fourth
(c) Fifth
(d) Sixth
(e) Not attempted
48th to 52nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2008
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Consider the following:
1. Darjeeling Tea
2. Tejpuri Litchi
3. Araku Coffee
4. Mysore Silk
Which of the above have received Geographical Indication (GI) status?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
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With reference to the term, ‘Katal Shilpa’, seen recently in news, which of the following statements is correct?
