Python Projects & Free Books

🔰 Type Conversion in Python

Generate Barcode using Python 👆

Are you looking to become a machine learning engineer? The algorithm brought you to the right place! 📌 I created a free and comprehensive roadmap. Let's go through this thread and explore what you need to know to become an expert machine learning engineer: Math & Statistics Just like most other data roles, machine learning engineering starts with strong foundations from math, precisely linear algebra, probability and statistics. Here are the probability units you will need to focus on: Basic probability concepts statistics Inferential statistics Regression analysis Experimental design and A/B testing Bayesian statistics Calculus Linear algebra Python: You can choose Python, R, Julia, or any other language, but Python is the most versatile and flexible language for machine learning. Variables, data types, and basic operations Control flow statements (e.g., if-else, loops) Functions and modules Error handling and exceptions Basic data structures (e.g., lists, dictionaries, tuples) Object-oriented programming concepts Basic work with APIs Detailed data structures and algorithmic thinking Machine Learning Prerequisites: Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) with NumPy and Pandas Basic data visualization techniques to visualize the variables and features. Feature extraction Feature engineering Different types of encoding data Machine Learning Fundamentals Using scikit-learn library in combination with other Python libraries for: Supervised Learning: (Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees) Unsupervised Learning: (K-Means Clustering, Principal Component Analysis, Hierarchical Clustering) Reinforcement Learning: (Q-Learning, Deep Q Network, Policy Gradients) Solving two types of problems: Regression Classification Neural Networks: Neural networks are like computer brains that learn from examples, made up of layers of "neurons" that handle data. They learn without explicit instructions. Types of Neural Networks: Feedforward Neural Networks: Simplest form, with straight connections and no loops. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs): Great for images, learning visual patterns. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): Good for sequences like text or time series, because they remember past information. In Python, it’s the best to use TensorFlow and Keras libraries, as well as PyTorch, for deeper and more complex neural network systems. Deep Learning: Deep learning is a subset of machine learning in artificial intelligence (AI) that has networks capable of learning unsupervised from data that is unstructured or unlabeled. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs) Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) Autoencoders Deep Belief Networks (DBNs) Transformer Models Machine Learning Project Deployment Machine learning engineers should also be able to dive into MLOps and project deployment. Here are the things that you should be familiar or skilled at: Version Control for Data and Models Automated Testing and Continuous Integration (CI) Continuous Delivery and Deployment (CD) Monitoring and Logging Experiment Tracking and Management Feature Stores Data Pipeline and Workflow Orchestration Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Model Serving and APIs Best Data Science & Machine Learning Resources: https://topmate.io/coding/914624 Credits: https://t.me/datasciencefun Like if you need similar content 😄👍 Hope this helps you 😊

Stop using if obj == None, use if obj is None In Python, when you write:

obj == None

you're not directly checking if obj is the value None. Instead, you're asking if the object is equal to None. Yes, in many cases, the result will be the same as for the code:

obj is None

But the behavior of these two variants is different, and this difference is important. When you use:

obj == None

Python calls the __eq__ method on the object. That is, the object itself decides what it means to be "equal to None". And this method can be overridden. If obj is an instance of a class in which __eq__ is implemented so that when compared with None, it returns True (even if the object is not actually None), then obj == None may mistakenly give True. Example:

class Weird:
    def __eq__(self, other):
        return True  # Always asserts that it's equal

obj = Weird()

print(obj == None)  # True
print(obj is None)  # False

Here, it can be seen that obj == None returns True due to the custom behaeqf the __eq__ operator in the class. Therefore, when using obj == None, the result is not always predictable. On the other hand, when you write:

obj is None

you're using the is operator, which cannot be overridden. This means that the result will always be the same and predictable. The is operator checks the identity of objects, that is, whether two references point to the same object. Since None is a singleton (the only instance), obj is None is the correct and most efficient way to perform such a check. ❤️ Therefore, it is always recommended, and this is best practice, to use obj is None instead of obj == None for predictability and efficiency. 👉 https://t.me/DataScienceQ

Closures & Decorators in Python 👆

Here is the list of few projects (found on kaggle). They cover Basics of Python, Advanced Statistics, Supervised Learning (Regression and Classification problems) & Data Science Please also check the discussions and notebook submissions for different approaches and solution after you tried yourself. 1. Basic python and statistics Pima Indians :- https://www.kaggle.com/uciml/pima-indians-diabetes-database Cardio Goodness fit :- https://www.kaggle.com/saurav9786/cardiogoodfitness Automobile :- https://www.kaggle.com/toramky/automobile-dataset 2. Advanced Statistics Game of Thrones:-https://www.kaggle.com/mylesoneill/game-of-thrones World University Ranking:-https://www.kaggle.com/mylesoneill/world-university-rankings IMDB Movie Dataset:- https://www.kaggle.com/carolzhangdc/imdb-5000-movie-dataset 3. Supervised Learning a) Regression Problems How much did it rain :- https://www.kaggle.com/c/how-much-did-it-rain-ii/overview Inventory Demand:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/grupo-bimbo-inventory-demand Property Inspection predictiion:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/liberty-mutual-group-property-inspection-prediction Restaurant Revenue prediction:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/restaurant-revenue-prediction/data IMDB Box office Prediction:-https://www.kaggle.com/c/tmdb-box-office-prediction/overview b) Classification problems Employee Access challenge :- https://www.kaggle.com/c/amazon-employee-access-challenge/overview Titanic :- https://www.kaggle.com/c/titanic San Francisco crime:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/sf-crime Customer satisfcation:-https://www.kaggle.com/c/santander-customer-satisfaction Trip type classification:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/walmart-recruiting-trip-type-classification Categorize cusine:- https://www.kaggle.com/c/whats-cooking 4. Some helpful Data science projects for beginners https://www.kaggle.com/c/house-prices-advanced-regression-techniques https://www.kaggle.com/c/digit-recognizer https://www.kaggle.com/c/titanic 5. Intermediate Level Data science Projects Black Friday Data : https://www.kaggle.com/sdolezel/black-friday Human Activity Recognition Data : https://www.kaggle.com/uciml/human-activity-recognition-with-smartphones Trip History Data : https://www.kaggle.com/pronto/cycle-share-dataset Million Song Data : https://www.kaggle.com/c/msdchallenge Census Income Data : https://www.kaggle.com/c/census-income/data Movie Lens Data : https://www.kaggle.com/grouplens/movielens-20m-dataset Twitter Classification Data : https://www.kaggle.com/c/twitter-sentiment-analysis2 Share with credits: https://t.me/sqlproject ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍

Essential Python and SQL topics for data analysts 😄👇 Python Topics: 1. Data Structures    - Lists, Tuples, and Dictionaries    - NumPy Arrays for numerical data 2. Data Manipulation    - Pandas DataFrames for structured data    - Data Cleaning and Preprocessing techniques    - Data Transformation and Reshaping 3. Data Visualization    - Matplotlib for basic plotting    - Seaborn for statistical visualizations    - Plotly for interactive charts 4. Statistical Analysis    - Descriptive Statistics    - Hypothesis Testing    - Regression Analysis 5. Machine Learning    - Scikit-Learn for machine learning models    - Model Building, Training, and Evaluation    - Feature Engineering and Selection 6. Time Series Analysis    - Handling Time Series Data    - Time Series Forecasting    - Anomaly Detection 7. Python Fundamentals    - Control Flow (if statements, loops)    - Functions and Modular Code    - Exception Handling    - File SQL Topics: 1. SQL Basics - SQL Syntax - SELECT Queries - Filters 2. Data Retrieval - Aggregation Functions (SUM, AVG, COUNT) - GROUP BY 3. Data Filtering - WHERE Clause - ORDER BY 4. Data Joins - JOIN Operations - Subqueries 5. Advanced SQL - Window Functions - Indexing - Performance Optimization 6. Database Management - Connecting to Databases - SQLAlchemy 7. Database Design - Data Types - Normalization Remember, it's highly likely that you won't know all these concepts from the start. Data analysis is a journey where the more you learn, the more you grow. Embrace the learning process, and your skills will continually evolve and expand. Keep up the great work! Python Resources - https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiM08SDuMRaGKd9Wv0L SQL Resources - https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VanC5rODzgT6TiTGoa1v Hope it helps :)

📖 Data Science Packages

✅ Python Coding Interview Questions 🐍💻 1️⃣ Q: Return the first duplicate in a list.

def first_duplicate(lst):
    seen = set()
    for x in lst:
        if x in seen:
            return x
        seen.add(x)
    return None

print(first_duplicate([3, 1, 3, 4, 2]))  # Output: 3

2️⃣ Q: Check whether a number is a palindrome.

def is_pal_num(n):
    return str(n) == str(n)[::-1]

print(is_pal_num(121))  # True  
print(is_pal_num(123))  # False

3️⃣ Q: Sort a dictionary by values.

def sort_by_value(d):
    return dict(sorted(d.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]))

print(sort_by_value({'a': 3, 'b': 1, 'c': 2}))  
Output: {'b': 1, 'c': 2, 'a': 3}

4️⃣ Q: Return all prime numbers in a given range.

def primes_upto(n):
    primes = []
    for num in range(2, n + 1):
        for i in range(2, int(num**0.5) + 1):
            if num % i == 0:
                break
        else:
            primes.append(num)
    return primes

print(primes_upto(10))  # [2, 3, 5, 7]

5️⃣ Q: Convert a list of numbers into a string.

def list_to_string(lst):
    return "".join(map(str, lst))

print(list_to_string([1, 2, 3]))  # Output: 123

💬 Double Tap ❤️ for Part-12

🔰 Python list methods

🧠 DSA with Python Roadmap (Beginner → Interview) 📂 DSA Foundations ∟ What is DSA ∟ Time & Space Complexity 📂 Python for DSA ∟ Lists & Strings ∟ Set & Dictionary Usage 📂 Searching Algorithms ∟ Linear Search ∟ Binary Search 📂 Sorting Algorithms ∟ Bubble, Selection, Insertion ∟ Merge & Quick Sort 📂 Recursion Basics ∟ Base & Recursive Case ∟ Stack Memory 📂 Stack & Queue ∟ Stack using List ∟ Queue using Deque 📂 Linked List ∟ Singly & Doubly Linked List ∟ Slow & Fast Pointer 📂 Problem-Solving Patterns ∟ Two Pointer ∟ Sliding Window 📂 Hashing Techniques ∟ Frequency Count ∟ Subarray Problems 📂 Trees ∟ Binary Tree ∟ Tree Traversals 📂 Heap & Priority Queue ∟ Min / Max Heap ∟ Top-K Problems 📂 Graphs ∟ BFS & DFS ∟ Cycle Detection 📂 Dynamic Programming ∟ Memoization ∟ Tabulation 📂 Bit Manipulation ∟ Bitwise Operators ∟ Common Tricks 📂 Practice Strategy ∟ Beginner → Advanced Problems ∟ Revision & Mock Interviews ∟✅ Interview Ready ❤️ React for more

API Key Authentication

import requests

# API endpoint
url = "https://api.example.com/data"

# Parameters including the API key for authentication
params = {
    "api_key": "YOUR_API_KEY"  # Replace with your actual API key
}

# Send GET request with parameters
response = requests.get(url, params=params)

# Convert JSON response to Python object
data = response.json()

# Print the data
print(data)

Next up ➡️ Importing Pickle files in python

Kandinsky 5.0 Video Lite and Kandinsky 5.0 Video Pro generative models on the global text-to-video landscape 🔘Pro is currently the #1 open-source model worldwide 🔘Lite (2B parameters) outperforms Sora v1. 🔘Only Google (Veo 3.1, Veo 3), OpenAI (Sora 2), Alibaba (Wan 2.5), and KlingAI (Kling 2.5, 2.6) outperform Pro — these are objectively the strongest video generation models in production today. We are on par with Luma AI (Ray 3) and MiniMax (Hailuo 2.3): the maximum ELO gap is 3 points, with a 95% CI of ±21. Useful links 🔘Full leaderboard: LM Arena 🔘Kandinsky 5.0 details: technical report 🔘Open-source Kandinsky 5.0: GitHub and Hugging Face

Python Roadmap 🐍 (Beginner → Job) 📂 Syntax Basics ∟ Variables, Data Types ∟ Conditions & Loops 📂 Data Structures ∟ List, Tuple, Set, Dict ∟ Comprehensions 📂 Algorithms ∟ Searching & Sorting ∟ Recursion & Big-O 📂 OOP Concepts ∟ Class & Object ∟ Inheritance & Polymorphism 📂 Modules & Errors ∟ Import & pip ∟ try / except 📂 File Handling ∟ Read / Write Files ∟ CSV & JSON 📂 Networking ∟ APIs & Requests ∟ JSON Data 📂 Security Basics ∟ Password Hashing ∟ API Keys 📂 Practice & Projects ∟ Mini Programs ∟ Real Projects ∟✅ Job / Internship Ready ❤️ React for more Python roadmaps 💾 Save this post 📤 Share with a beginner

✅ 📚 Python Libraries You Should Know 1. NumPy – Numerical computing - Arrays, matrices, broadcasting - Fast operations on large datasets - Useful in data science & ML 2. Pandas – Data analysis & manipulation - DataFrames and Series - Reading/writing CSV, Excel - GroupBy, filtering, merging 3. Matplotlib – Data visualization - Line, bar, pie, scatter plots - Custom styling & labels - Save plots as images 4. Seaborn – Statistical plotting - Built on Matplotlib - Heatmaps, histograms, violin plots - Great for EDA 5. Requests – HTTP library - Make GET, POST requests - Send headers, params, and JSON - Used in web scraping and APIs 6. BeautifulSoup – Web scraping - Parse HTML/XML easily - Find elements using tags, class - Navigate and extract data 7. Flask – Web development microframework - Lightweight and fast - Routes, templates, API building - Great for small to medium apps 8. Django – High-level web framework - Full-stack: ORM, templates, auth - Scalable and secure - Ideal for production-ready apps 9. SQLAlchemy – ORM for databases - Abstract SQL queries in Python - Connect to SQLite, PostgreSQL, etc. - Schema creation & query chaining 10. Pytest – Testing framework - Simple syntax for test cases - Fixtures, asserts, mocking - Supports plugins 11. Scikit-learn – Machine Learning - Preprocessing, classification, regression - Train/test split, pipelines - Built on NumPy & Pandas 12. TensorFlow / PyTorch – Deep learning - Neural networks, backpropagation - GPU support - Used in real AI projects 13. OpenCV – Computer vision - Image processing, face detection - Filters, contours, image transformations - Real-time video analysis 14. Tkinter – GUI development - Build desktop apps - Buttons, labels, input fields - Easy drag-and-drop interface Credits: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiM08SDuMRaGKd9Wv0L/1885 ❤️ Double Tap for more ❤️

Convert any long article or PDF into a test in a couple of seconds! Mini-service: we take the text of the article (or extract it from PDF), send it to GPT and receive a set of test questions with answer options and a key. First, we load the text of the material:

# article_text — this is where we put the text of the article
with open("article.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    article_text = f.read()

# for PDF, you can extract the text in advance with any library (PyPDF2, pdfplumber, etc.)

Next, we ask GPT to generate a test:

prompt = (
    "You are an exam methodologist."
    "Based on this text, create 15 test questions."
    "Each question is in the format:\n"
    "1) Question text\n"
    "A. Option 1\n"
    "B. Option 2\n"
    "C. Option 3\n"
    "D. Option 4\n"
    "Correct answer: <letter>."
    "Do not add explanations and comments, only questions, options, and correct answers."
)
response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="gpt-4o",
    messages=[
        {"role": "system", "content": prompt},
        {"role": "user", "content": article_text}
    ])
print(response.choices[0].message.content.strip())

✅ Suitable for online courses, educational centers, and corporate training — you immediately get a ready-made bank of tests from any article.

- Location of Mobile Number Code - import phonenumbers from phonenumbers import timezone from phonenumbers import geocoder from phonenumbers import carrier number = input("Enter the phone number with country code : ") # Parsing String to the Phone number phoneNumber = phonenumbers.parse(number) # printing the timezone using the timezone module timeZone = timezone.time_zones_for_number(phoneNumber) print("timezone : "+str(timeZone)) # printing the geolocation of the given number using the geocoder module geolocation = geocoder.description_for_number(phoneNumber,"en") print("location : "+geolocation) # printing the service provider name using the carrier module service = carrier.name_for_number(phoneNumber,"en") print("service provider : "+service)

Python Projects