Crest Learning UPSC

➡️Total crops under MSP in India: 23 crops 1. Cereals (7) • Paddy (Rice) • Wheat • Maize • Jowar • Bajra • Ragi • Barley 2. Pulses (5) • Gram (Chana) • Arhar/Tur • Moong • Urad • Masur 3. Oilseeds (7) • Groundnut • Rapeseed-Mustard • Soybean • Sunflower seed • Sesamum (Til) • Safflower (Kardi) • Nigerseed 4. Commercial Crops (4) • Cotton • Sugarcane* • Copra • Raw Jute • Sugarcane is NOT under MSP, it is governed by FRP (Fair and Remunerative Price). 👉 So technically: • MSP crops = 22 crops

• Guillotine in Parliament: A procedure where pending Demands for Grants are put to vote without discussion due to lack of time. • Demands for Grants: Annual financial proposals of each ministry, voted only in Lok Sabha under Article 113. • Charged vs Voted Expenditure: Only voted expenditure is subject to guillotine (charged is not voted).

👉 India Justice Report = NGO-led ranking of states on justice delivery across police, judiciary, prisons, and legal aid. Covers 4 pillars: Police, Judiciary, Prisons, Legal Aid Published by: Tata Trusts (with civil society partners)

19 march.....👇

But people are getting more bitter

18 march……👇

➡️NAGOYA PROTOCOL (2010) Why in News • Increasing global focus on biopiracy, traditional knowledge protection, and genetic resource governance. • India actively implementing it via Biological Diversity Act, 2002. What is Nagoya Protocol? • A supplementary agreement under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). • Adopted in 2010 at Nagoya (Japan); came into force in 2014. • Objective: Ensure Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) of genetic resources. Core Principles 1. Access to Genetic Resources • Prior approval of the country (Prior Informed Consent – PIC) required. • Example: Foreign pharma company using Indian medicinal plants. 2. Benefit Sharing (ABS) • Benefits (royalty, tech transfer) must be shared fairly. • Example: Sharing profits with tribal communities. 3. Traditional Knowledge Protection • Safeguards indigenous knowledge linked to biodiversity. • Example: Use of neem, turmeric knowledge. 4. Compliance Mechanism • Countries must ensure users follow ABS rules. • Includes monitoring and legal frameworks. Key Features • Legally binding international agreement. • Covers genetic resources + associated traditional knowledge. • Introduces Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT) for benefit-sharing contracts.