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Kanal postlari
| 2 | .. | 220 |
| 3 | Why is the acidification of urine to enhance the elimination of weak bases (such as amphetamines or phencyclidine) NOT recommended in clinical toxicology?
A) Because it significantly increases the risk of severe hypernatremia and gastrointestinal bleeding
B) Because it does not significantly enhance the removal of these xenobiotics and may cause serious adverse effects like acute kidney injury and electrolyte disturbances
C) Because weak bases are completely ionized in the blood and cannot pass through glomerular filtration
D) Because it reverses the effect and increases the reabsorption of the drug in the proximal convoluted tubule | 220 |
| 4 | .. | 171 |
| 5 | Which of the following complications is more commonly associated specifically with charcoal hemoperfusion rather than standard hemodialysis?
A) Severe hypernatremia and esophageal rupture
B) Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and hypocalcemia
C) Acute kidney injury and metabolic alkalosis
D) Pulmonary and cerebral edema due to extracellular fluid volume overload | 157 |
| 6 | .. | 106 |
| 7 | Which of the following describes a primary indication for Whole-Bowel Irrigation (WBI)?
A) Ingestion of a caustic substance or active gastrointestinal hemorrhage
B) Potentially toxic ingestions of sustained-release drugs or illicit drug packets from body packers
C) Mild ingestion of a substance that is well-adsorbed by a standard single dose of activated charcoal
D) Patients who present with persistent vomiting and an unprotected airway | 91 |
| 8 | .. | 102 |
| 9 | What is the correct positioning of a patient during orogastric lavage to theoretically prevent the xenobiotic from passing through the pylorus during the procedure?
A) Supine position with the head elevated
B) Right lateral decubitus position
C) Left lateral decubitus position
D) Trendelenburg position | 100 |
| 10 | .. | 103 |
| 11 | Which of the following interventions is considered the primary, most effective method for urinary pH manipulation to enhance the elimination of weak acids like salicylates and phenobarbital?
A) Intravenous administration of sterile sodium bicarbonate to titrate urine pH to 7.5 to 8.5
B) Intravenous administration of ammonium chloride to strongly acidify the urine
C) Forced diuresis using hypertonic saline solutions alone without pH adjustment
D) Administration of oral mineral oil to trap the drug in the gastrointestinal tract | 88 |
| 12 | .. | 99 |
| 13 | What is the primary mechanism of action of hemodialysis in the elimination of poisons, and which of the following characteristics describes a chemical that is effectively removed by it?
A) High volume of distribution and high protein binding
B) Relatively low volume of distribution, low protein binding, high water solubility, and low molecular weight
C) High molecular weight and massive protein binding
D) High lipid solubility and extensive tissue sequestration | 103 |
| 14 | .. | 104 |
| 15 | Which of the following conditions is an absolute indication for the use of Multiple-Dose Activated Charcoal (MDAC)?
A) Ingestion of a life-threatening amount of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, or theophylline
B) Ingestion of a caustic substance
C) An active ileus or diminished peristalsis
D) Ingestion of hydrocarbons with a high aspiration potential | 134 |
| 16 | .. | 152 |
| 17 | What is the recommended time frame within which orogastric lavage should ideally be undertaken to be beneficial after a potentially life-threatening ingestion of a xenobiotic?
A) Within 30 minutes
B) Within 60 minutes
C) Within 2 to 4 hours
D) Within 6 to 12 hours | 154 |
| 18 | Toxic Lec 2 | 15 |
| 19 |  Matn yo'q... | 1 |
| 20 | حاله طارئة | 1 |
