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ููู ู ุง ูู ุงูููุงุฉ ููุฑุจุงููุง ูุซููุงุจูุง ูุณูุฏู ูู ููุงู ุงู ุงู ูุง ุงูุญูุฌุฉ ุงูู ููุชุธุฑ (ุนุฌ ) ุ ูุณุฃููู ุงูุฏุนุงุก ุชูููููุง ููุง ูููู . ููุชูุงุตู @MT_qi_bot ุฑุงุจุท ุงูููุงุฉ https://t.me/pharma2023_A
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ููุงุฉ ุตุฏููู ุตูุฏูุงูู ุฎุฑูุฌ ุฑุงุญ ูุดุฑุญ ุจููุง ุณุณุชู
ุงุช ุงูุงุฏููุฉ ุจุดูู ู
ูุตู ููุชุฏุฑูุจ ุงูุตููู
๐ ู ุชูุฏูุฑุงู ุงููู
ุนุฏูู
ุฎุตู
ุฎุงุต
ฺูฏุฏุฑูู ุงุตุฏูุงุฆูู
/ุตุฏููุงุชูู
ุงู ุญุชู ุฒู
ูุงุฆูู
ุจุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุจูุบููู
ุงูู ู
ู ุทุฑููู
ฺูฏุฏุฑูู ูุดุชุฑููู
ุจ39 ุจุฏู 45 ุงูู
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ุง ๐๐
+3
๐ท๏ธ๏ธ ููุฑุณ ุงูุชุฏุฑูุจ ุงูุตูุฏูู ุงูู
ุชูุงู
ู
๐ท๏ธ ุฏูุนุฉ 2026/ ุงูููุฑุณ ุงูุฃูุซุฑ ุชุทูุฑุงู
๐ถ๏ธ ุงูุซุฑ ู
ู 12,000 ุฃูู ุทุงูุจ ุตูุฏูุฉ
ู
ุชุฏุฑุจ ููุงูุง ๐ฅ
๐ท ุฌุงูุจ ุนูู
ู ุดุงู
ู ู ู
ุชูุงู
ู
๐ท ุฌุงูุจ ุชูุฌููู ุนู
ูู ูุณูู ุงูุนู
ู
๐ท ุฌุงูุจ ุงูุฐูุงุก ุงูุงุตุทูุงุนู ูู ุงูุตูุฏูุฉ
๐ป ุงููุชุญ ุงูุชุณุฌูู ูุฏูุนุฉ 2026 ุงูู
ุชู
ูุฒุฉ
โ
๏ธ ุณุนุฑ ุงูููุฑุณ ูุงู
ู 45 ุฃูู ููุท
๐ ุนุฑุถ ุงูุงุตุฏูุงุก 37 ุจุฏู 45
*ุงูุซุฑ ู
ู ุซูุงุซ ุทูุงุจ
๐ถ๏ธ ุณุฌู ุขูุงู/ุงูู
ูุงุนุฏ ู
ุญุฏูุฏุฉ
โ
๏ธ ููุชุณุฌูู ู ุงูุงุณุชูุณุงุฑ ุชูุงุตููุง ููุงูุง
@PHnamir
@PHnamir
https://t.me/muhanad_pharma/6392?single
ุจุณู
ุงููููฐููู ุงูุฑุญู
ูู ุงูุฑุญูู
ุุ ุงูุญูููู
ุฏูููููฐูููู ุญู
ุฏูุง ุชุทูุจู ุจูู ุงูุงูููุณ ูุชูุดุนูุฑู ููู ุงูุงุจุฏุงู ุุ ุชุญุชู ุฑุญู
ุชูู ูุชููููุงุชูู ูู
ููููู ุนูููุง ุชู
ู ุฎูุชุงู
ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุซุงูุซุฉ ู
ู ุงูุชุฎุตูุต ุุ ุงููุฏ ูุงูุช ุฑุญูุฉ ุทูููุฉ ู
ูุชุนูุจุฉ ู
ู ุงู
ุชุญุงูุงุช ูููุฒุงุช ูุงูุฎ โฆ
ุจููุณ ุงูุญูููู
ุฏูููููฐููู ุงูุฎุชู
ุช ูุงูุฎุชู
ููุงูุง ูุตู ูุฌุฒุก ู
ู ุญูุงุชูุง ุฌู
ูุนูุง ูุฑุงุญ ูุจุฏู ูุตู ุบูุฑู ุงููุฏ ุจุชุนุจู ูุตุนูุจุชู ูุจุฐู ุงูุฌูุฏ ุงูู .
ุงุชู
ูู ู
ุง ูุตุฑูุง ููุงูู
ุจุดู ุทูุงู ูุงู ุงูู
ูุฏุฉ ุุ
ุฃแฬค ู
ุนููู
ุฉ ุญุณูุช ุจููุง ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ููุฌู
ูุน ู
ูุจุงุดุฑุฉู ุดุงุฑูุชูุง ููุงูู
ูุญุชู ุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุงูู ุชุฎุตูู ูู
ูููู ูู
ุดุงุฑูุชูุง ููุงูู
ุงุณุชูุงุฏูุง ุงูู ูููููู ุชุนุงูู
( ููุชูุนูุงูููููุง ุนูููู ุงููุจูุฑูู ููุงูุชููููููู ูููุง ุชูุนูุงูููููุง ุนูููู ุงูุฅูุซูู
ู ููุงููุนูุฏูููุงูู ) .
ูุงู ุดุงุก ุงููููฐููู ูุงู ุฌููุฏูู
ู
ุง ุชุฑูุญ ูุชูุทููู ุซู
ุงุฑ ุชุนุจูู
ุจูุฌุงุญูู
ูุนุจูุฑูู
ููู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูุฌุงูุฉ .
ููู ุงูุชูููู ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููููฐููู โจ๐
ุงูุง ุงูุทูุชูู
ุญุฌุงูุฉ ุงูู ุงูู
ู ุงููู
ุดุฑุญ ุงูุนุถููุฉ ูุงูุนูุงููุฑ ููุณ ุงูุจุงูู ุจููุณ ุงูุญูููู
ุฏูููููฐููู ุงูุงูุณุงู ู
ูุนุฑููุถ ูููุดู ู
ู ุธุฑูู ููุฐุง ุุ ุนูู ููู ุญุงู ุงุนุชุฐุฑ ู
ููู
ูุงุณู ุงุฐุง ูุตุฑุช ููุงูู
ุจูุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงู ุจุบูุฑ ู
ุฑุญูุฉ
ู
ููููู ูุงุฑุจ
ูููุงุฏูููู
ู ููููู
ู ุงูุบูุฏูุฑู ููุจููููููู
ู
ุจูุฎูู
ูู ููุฃูุณูู
ูุนู ุจูุงูุฑููุณูููู ู
ููุงุฏูููุง
ููููุงูู: ููู
ููู ู
ููููุงููู
ู ููููุจููููููู
ูุ
ููููุงูููุง ููููู
ู ููุจูุฏููุง ููููุงูููู ุงูุชููุนูุงู
ูููุง
ุฅููููููู ู
ูููููุงููุง ููุฃูููุชู ููุจููููููุง
ูููููู ุชูุฌูุฏู ู
ููููุง ูููู ุงููููููู
ู ุนูุงุตูููุง
ููููุงูู ูููู: ููู
ู ููุง ุนูููููู ููุฅููููููู
ุฑูุถููุชููู ู
ููู ุจูุนูุฏูู ุฅูู
ูุงู
ูุง ููููุงุฏูููุง
ู
ูุชุจุงุฑููู ๐๐
ุนูุงููุฑ :
ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูก
ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูขุูฃ
ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูคุูฅ
ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูฆ
ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูง
ุดุฑุญ ูฆุูง
ุงู
ุณูููู
ููุฒูุง
ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูจ
ุดุฑุญูุง
ุงู
ุณูููู
ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูฉ
ู
ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูกู
ู
ูุงุฒู
ุงูุนุงู
ู
ูุงุฒู
ุงูุนุงู
ู
ุชุฑุฌู
ุงุช
ู
ูุฏ ุงูุนุงู
ุงุดูุงุก ู
ูู
ุฉ ุฑูุฒูุง ุนูููู
ู
ุณุงุก ุงูุฎูุฑ
ุทูุงุจ ุงูุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุฏูุชูุฑ ู
ุญู
ุฏ ุงุจู ุจูุฑ ุฌุงูุจ ุงููุง ูฉูฅูชุ ู
ู ุงูููุฒุงุช
ู ุงุนุชู
ุฏููู ูุถุจุทููู ูุชูุฌุญูู ูุฒุงูุฏ ุ ู
ููููู ุงู ุดุงุก ุงููููฐููู
ุงุฎูุงู ุชุฑุง ุงูุญู ู
ู ุงูุฌุงุช ู
ู ุดุฑุท ููู ุตุญูุญ ุ ุจุณ ูุฐุง ุงููู ุงูุฏุฑ ุนููู ูุงูู ุฑุงุญ ุงูุฑุงูู ู
ุซู ู
ุง ู
ูุฌูุฏุงุช
ูุงููู ููู ุงูุชูููู ๐ค.
Q94. Which of the following is NOT a detoxification pathway for arene oxide?
A. Reaction with GSH
B. NIH migration
C. Reaction with DNA
D. Reaction with water
E. Spontaneous rearrangement
Answer: C (Reaction with DNA)
โธป
Q95. Regarding regioselective metabolism of papaverine, O-demethylation occurs at:
A. 6
B. 3โฒ
C. 7
D. 3โฒ and 7โฒ
E. 4โฒ
F. 3โฒ and 4โฒ
Answer: B (3โฒ)
โธป
Q96. What enzymes can cleave glucuronide and sulfate conjugates?
A. ฮฒ-Glucuronidase and sulfatase
B. Proteases
C. Aminopeptidases
D. Carboxypeptidases
E. Organophosphates
Answer: A
โธป
Q97. Regarding the metabolism of brompheniramine, the major conjugated metabolite is:
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
Answer: A
โธป
Q98. Brompheniramine can undergo all of the following metabolic pathways EXCEPT:
A. Benzylic carbon oxidation
B. Sulfate conjugation
C. Conjugation with glycine
D. Oxidative N-dealkylation
E. Oxidative deamination
Answer: C (Conjugation with glycine)
โธป
Q99. All the following functionalities do NOT undergo significant O-methylation by COMT EXCEPT:
A. p-Hydroquinone
B. Resorcinol
C. Phenol
D. Catechol
E. Salicylic acid
Answer: D (Catechol)
Q79. In contrast to glucuronic acid and sulfate, amino acid conjugation utilizes:
A. Requires an initial oxidation step
B. No activation step, directly conjugates with the substrate
C. Requires a reduction step
D. Activated coenzymes
E. ATP and CoA to activate the carboxylic acid
Answer: E
โธป
Q80. The oral hypoglycemic agent tolbutamide is oxidized extensively to the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid due to:
A. Aromatic hydroxylation
B. Oxidation of olefinic carbon double bond
C. ฯ-1 Oxidation
D. Oxidation at allylic carbon atom
E. Oxidation at benzylic carbon atom
Answer: E
โธป
Q81. Which of the following statements about acetylation polymorphism is FALSE?
A. It is genetic.
B. Egyptians and some Western Europeans are slow acetylators.
C. Rapid acetylators develop adverse reactions, whereas slow acetylators show inadequate therapeutic response.
D. Eskimos and Asians are rapid acetylators.
E. It is caused by differences in N-acetyltransferase activity.
Answer: C
โธป
Q82. Uridine-5โฒ-diphospho-ฮฑ-D-glucose (UDPG) is synthesized from ฮฑ-D-glucose-1-phosphate by the enzyme:
A. UDPG-dehydrogenase
B. Phosphorylase
C. UDP-glucuronyl transferase
D. Methyl transferase
E. Sulfotransferase
Answer: B
โธป
Q83. Acetylation is a phase II reaction that involves transfer of an acetyl group to ______ amino groups.
A. Quaternary
B. Tertiary
C. Primary
D. Secondary
E. Primary and Secondary
Answer: E
โธป
Q84. Regarding acetylation, the FALSE statement is:
A. The primary function of acetylation is to terminate pharmacological activity and increase water solubility.
B. Transfer of the acetyl group is catalyzed by N-methyltransferase.
C. The acetyl group used in N-acetylation is supplied by SAM.
D. Acetylated amide derivatives are generally inactive and nontoxic.
E. All statements are false.
Answer: E
โธป
Q85. The cofactor required to form methyl conjugates is:
A. SAM
B. ATP
C. SAPS
D. Acetyl CoA
E. Acyl CoA
Answer: A (SAM)
โธป
Q86. The bioreduction of non-symmetrical ketone xenobiotics produces:
A. Non-symmetrical secondary alcohol
B. One stereoisomeric S(-)-alcohol as minor metabolite
C. One stereoisomeric R(+)-alcohol as major metabolite
D. One stereoisomeric S(-)-alcohol as major metabolite
E. S(-)- and D(+)-alcohol in equal ratio
Answer: D
โธป
Q87. Oxidative dealkylation of the provided drug will produce:
A. Propionaldehyde
B. Formaldehyde
C. Acetaldehyde
D. Diethyl ketone
E. Acetone
F. Methyl ethyl ketone
Answer: C (Acetaldehyde)
โธป
Q88. Thiol methylation of propylthiouracil gives metabolites that are excreted as:
A. Sulfide or sulfones
B. Sulfoxides or sulfones
C. Sulfide
D. Mercapto metabolite
E. Sulfide or sulfoxides
F. Sulfoxides
Answer: B
โธป
Q89. GSH conjugates undergo biotransformation by renal and hepatic enzymes to give S-substituted:
A. N-acetylcysteine
B. N-acetylglutamine
C. N-acetylserine
D. N-acetylglycine
E. N-acetylisoleucine
Answer: A
โธป
Q90. Formoterol is subjected to all the following metabolic reactions EXCEPT:
A. Amide hydrolysis
B. Oxidative N-dealkylation
C. O-Methylation by COMT
D. Oxidation at benzylic carbon
E. Oxidative O-dealkylation
Answer: A
โธป
Q91. Which functional groups are most commonly involved in sulfate conjugation?
A. Ketones
B. Hydroxy, amino, and N-hydroxy groups
C. Ethers
D. Aldehydes
E. Carboxylic acids
Answer: B
โธป
Q92. Glucuronide conjugates typically have which configuration at C-1?
A. ฮด-configuration
B. ฮณ-configuration
C. ฮฑ-configuration
D. ฮฒ-configuration
E. ฮต-configuration
Answer: D (ฮฒ-configuration)
โธป
Q93. Oxidation of an olefin results in:
A. Carboxylic acid
B. Alcohol
C. Diols
D. Ketones
E. Aldehydes
F. Alkane
G. Phenol
Answer: C (Diols)
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