RPSC 1st, 2nd Grade English 2024

Types of nouns: (संज्ञा के प्रकार) 1. Common noun (जातिवाचक संज्ञा) - used to name people, places or things in general (common noun का इस्तेमाल लोग, जगह या चीज़ों के लिए होता है) Ex: girl, city, animal, house 2. Proper noun (संज्ञा विशेष) - used to name a specific person, place or thing (Proper noun का इस्तेमाल किसी विशेष व्यक्ति, जगह या चीज़ दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है) Ex: John, London, Pluto, France 3. Concrete noun - refers to people or things that exist physically and at least one of the senses can detect (Concrete noun का इस्तेमाल उन लोगों को दर्शाने के लिए होता है जिनका अस्तित्व हो) Ex: dog, tree, apple, moon 4. Abstract noun (भाववाचक संज्ञा) - have no physical existence. They refer to ideas, emotions, and concepts (Abstract noun का इस्तेमाल विचार या भावना दर्शाने के लिए होता है, जिनका कोई अस्तित्व नहीं होता) Ex: time, fear, freedom 5. Countable noun (गणनीय संज्ञा) - have a singular and plural form and can be counted (एक या एक से अधिक लोग या चीज़ों के लिए इस्तेमाल होने वाली संज्ञा, जिसे गिना जा सकता है) Ex: car, cup, bike 6. Uncountable noun (अगणनीय संज्ञा) - cannot be counted (संज्ञा, जिसे गिना नहीं जा सकता) Ex: hair, milk 7. Compound noun (यौगिक संज्ञा) - two or more words that create a noun (दो या दो से अधिक संज्ञाओं को जोड़ कर बनाया गया शब्द.) Ex: credit card, pile 8. Collective noun (समूहवाचक संज्ञा) - refers to a set or group of people, animals or things (Collective noun का इस्तेमाल लोगों, जानवरों, या चीज़ों के समूह को दर्शाने के लिए किया जाता है) Ex: team, pile, stack ━─────⊱❉✸❉⊰──────

Very glad —> Overjoyed Very hungry —> Starving Very large —> Huge Very lazy —> Indolent Very long —> Extensive Very loose —> Slack Very accurate —> Exact Very afraid —> Fearful Very clever —> Intelligent Very cute —> Adorable Very dull —> Tedious Very eager —> Keen Very evil —> Wicked Very fast —> Quick Very fierce —> Ferocious Very light —> Luminous Very lively —> Animated Very lovely –> Adorable I hope this helps a lot 🤗

01. आपको यहां से जाना पड़ेगा। You will have to go from here. 02. आपको मुझे बताना होगा। You will have to tell me. 03. उसे यह काम करना होगा। He will have to do this task. 04. हमें उससे मिलना पड़ेगा। We will have meet him 05. आज मुझे स्कूल जाना पड़ेगा। I will have to go to school today. 06. आज आपको खाना पकाना होगा। You will have to cook food today. 07. मुझे बाज़ार जाना होगा। I will have to go market. 08. मुझे एक गाड़ी खरीदनी होगी। I will have to buy a car. 09. तुम्हें उसे मरना होगा। I will have to kill him. 10. आपको कुछ करना होगा। You will have to do something.

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Allegory Q1: What is the purpose of an allegory? A) To convey complex ideas and concepts in a comprehensible or striking way B) To entertain readers with an exciting story C) To provide a detailed historical account D) To describe a character's physical appearance Answer: A Ex- Allegories are used to illustrate or convey complex ideas and concepts in ways that are easier to understand or more impactful for the audience. Q2: What is the distinction between allegory and symbolism? A) Allegory uses arbitrary symbols, while symbolism uses natural relations B) Symbolism uses arbitrary symbols, while allegory uses natural relations C) There is no distinction between allegory and symbolism D) Allegory and symbolism are always used together Answer: A Ex- In allegory, the surface story is often an arbitrary representation of the secondary meaning, while symbols bear a natural relation to the story's events. Q3: What is the second of the four levels of meaning in medieval exegeses of biblical and literary texts? A) Literal meaning B) Moral meaning C) Allegorical meaning D) Anagogical meaning Answer: C Ex- Allegory is the second of the four levels of meaning used in medieval interpretations of biblical and literary texts. Q4: How does a parable differ from an allegory? A) Parables involve human characters, while allegories use abstract qualities B) Parables have unstated morals, while allegories have stated morals C) Parables and allegories are the same thing D) Parables are shorter than allegories Answer: A Ex- In parables, the characters are typically human beings, while in allegories, the characters often represent abstract qualities. Q5: What is personification? A) The use of non-human characters in a story B) The use of human characters to represent abstract ideas C) The use of abstract ideas to represent human characters D) The use of animals to represent human qualities Answer: B Ex- Personification involves using human characters to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Q6: What is an essential component of allegory? A) Symbolism B) Metaphor C) Personification D) Irony Answer: C Ex- Personification, the use of human characters to represent abstract ideas, is an essential component of allegory. Q7: What does the word "allegory" originate from in Greek? A) "Hidden meaning" B) "Veiled language" or "figurative" C) "Moral story" D) "Abstract representation" Answer: B Ex- The Greek word "allegoría" means "veiled language" or "figurative," which is the origin of the English word "allegory." Q8: Who is usually considered the "first allegorist"? A) Homer B) Theagenes of Rhegium or Pherecydes of Syros C) Plato D) Virgil Answer: B Ex- Either Theagenes of Rhegium or Pherecydes of Syros, both active in the 6th century B.C.E., is typically awarded the title of "first allegorist." Q9: In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, what do the shadows on the wall represent? A) The actual objects that produce the shadows B) The prisoners' limited understanding of reality C) The philosopher's journey to enlightenment D) The outside world beyond the cave Answer: B Ex- The shadows on the wall represent the prisoners' limited understanding of reality, as they have never seen the actual objects that produce the shadows. Q10: What does the philosopher attempt to do upon returning to the cave in Plato's allegory? A) Join the prisoners in watching the shadows B) Destroy the fire that casts the shadows C) Share his newfound knowledge with the prisoners D) Create new shadows for the prisoners to observe Answer: C Ex- The philosopher tries to share his discovery of the outside world with the prisoners, attempting to free them so they can see reality for themselves.

Sonnet in Ten Sentences 1. A sonnet is a 14-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme and meter, typically written in iambic pentameter. 2. The two main types of sonnets are Petrarchan (or Italian) and Shakespearean (or English) sonnets. 3. Petrarchan sonnets consist of an octave (eight lines) followed by a sestet (six lines), with a rhyme scheme of *abbaabba* and *cdecde* or *cdcdcd*. 4. Shakespearean sonnets are divided into three quatrains (four lines each) and a couplet (two lines), with a rhyme scheme of *abab cdcd efef gg*. 5. Sonnets often explore themes of love, beauty, mortality, and the human condition. 6. The volta, or turn, is a shift in the poem's tone or meaning, occurring around the 9th line in Petrarchan sonnets and the 13th line in Shakespearean sonnets. 7. Spenserian sonnets are a variation of the Shakespearean form, with a rhyme scheme of *abab bcbc cdcd ee*. 8. Miltonic sonnets are named after John Milton and feature a more fluid rhyme scheme and structure. 9. Modern sonnets may experiment with the form, sometimes using free verse or unconventional rhyme schemes. 10. Famous sonnet writers include William Shakespeare, Petrarch, John Donne, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, and Pablo Neruda.