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| 2 | ⚡أسئله الإمتحانات السابقه علي الشابتر الرابع أطفال
★Define the following:
Health promotion
★True or False:-
Immunization can protect children from various communicable diseases.
Solitary play is the type of play suitable for preschool child.
Accidents and injuries are a leading cause of death and disability for young children.
The overall goal of health promotion is to promote health and prevent disease.
In preschool stage the type of play is cooperative,
Infant sleeps about 12 hours including a day time naps.
Secondary prevention involves preventing deterioration through rehabilitation.
During first month newborn sleep about 11 hours only.
The type of play during infancy period called parallel.
Toddler needs 1300 calories/day.
Immunizing is an effort to produce immunity to disease without ill effect
The type of play during toddler stage called parallel play
★Complete the following:
1. Components of health promotion are
2. Toddler needs calories/day.
3. Types of play
4. Three overlapping spheres of health promotion
5. Values of plays
★Give short account:-
1. Role of nurse in vaccinations.
روح 🕊 | 68 |
| 3 | بنك_البلجيكي_اطفال_الشبتر_الرابع_1.pdf | 50 |
| 4 | بنك الباب الرابع اطفال.pdf | 48 |
| 5 | التعريف دا مهم جدااا جدا
تعريف التحصين لانه في فرق بين التطعيم والتحصين خدوا بالكوا 👇🏻
Immunization: is an effort to produce immunity to a disease without ill-immunization can therefore ime to produce both active and passive effect. immunity.
دي مهمه برضوا تعريف بتاجي كتير 👇🏻
Vaccination are used to prevent specific infectious diseases,
انواعه مهمه جدااا جدااااا بتاجي اكمل 👇🏻
vaccines are of three types (live attenuated, killed, toxoid).
الجزء دا برضوا مهم في صح وغلط 👇🏻 وعمره ماياجي مقارنه
Classification of immunization:
Classification of immunization
Natural
Active
Passive
Natural
Artificial
Passive
The immune system makes antibodies after exposure to disease
The neonate receives placental of This natural maternal antibodies.
Induced by vaccination (immunization)
Injected antibodies provide immunity (gamma globulins)
eg: Measles
immunity
passive
الجزء دا مهمه جدا جدا جدا بياجي لست او اكمل او صح وغلط
لو قالك ال
Nursing responsibilities (administration of vaccine)
او ممكن يقولك ال
The principle precautions in administering immunizations include:
فا في النهايه اجابتهم واحده ومهم جدا 👇🏻
Proper storage of the vaccine to protect its potency and institution of recommended procedrees for injection.
For protection against light the vial can be wrapped in alumimum foil
Periodic checks are established to ensure that no vaccine is used after its expiration date
Another important tmrsing responsibility is accurate documentation, Each child should have an immunization recond for parents to keep.
Any adverse reactions after the administration of any vaccine should be reported to the Physician.
دي مش مهمه قوي بس شفتها سؤال لست في بنك 👇🏻
7- Parental guidance
Proper holding and positioning
Teach to care for infant (formula
Preparation, use of pacifiers, oral hygiene, elimination parters)
◆ Feeding choices and techniques
◆ Provide examples for appropriate toys,
Provide information about safery measures
Irostructions about immunization and its importance.
Help parents to understand normal growth and development.
روح 🕊 | 44 |
| 6 | Dental care:
A child should begin brashing seeth with a small soft soothbrush with prental assistance around age
السؤال دا اجي صح وغلط كتير بيحطلك نوت فيها 👇🏻
The child should avoid sugary foods to help prevent dental caries.
الحته دي كلها مهمه تعرفوا في كل مرحله بينام قد ايه الطفل مهمه جدا بتاجي صح وغلط ويلخبط فيها كتير 👇🏻
5- Sleep pattern:
Daring the first month after birth, an infant sleep most of the time tabout 20 hours a day)
With age, daily sleep time decrease as awake and alext times increase
Infants sleep about 18 hours, they takes morning and afternoon napes.
The traddler and preschool need about 12 hours of sleep each day
School age children sleep requirements vary but typically range home and 10 to 12 hours a night.
During adolescence the child of his home interfere with sleep and resquirements
روح 🕊 | 29 |
| 7 | - Play
التعرف مهم جداااا جدا احفظوا زي اسمكوا 👇🏻
Play is relates to any activity engaged in for the enjoyment, it gives without consideration of the end result.
تحفظوا القيم تاجي اكمل تاجي صح وغلط والي تحته تعرفوا ويفضل تحفظوهم 👇🏻
Value of play
1. Physical value
السطر دا شفته صح وغلط 👇🏻
Develop muscles properly and exercise all parts of the body.
ودا كمان شفته صح وغلط
👇🏻
It serves as an out let for energy which if pent up makes the child tense, pervous and irritable.
2. Educational value
Young child learns to know the shapes, colors, sizes and textures of objects and their significance.
3. Therapeutic value
السطر دا شفته صح وغلط 👇🏻
In everyday life the child need some release from the sensions that the restrictions imposed him by his environment,
4. Social value
By playing child learn how establish relationships with others and how problems come out through this relationship Though cooperative games he leams to give and take meet and solve
5. Moral value
He learns what the group considers right and wrong in the home or in the school. The children know that he must be fair, honest and truthful
هنا هتعرفوا كل واحد بيكون في اي مرحله وتبذه مختصره تحته الي هكتبه بس تمام 👇🏻
Types of play
1. Solitary play (Infancy period)
Children play with their toys alone, but within earshot of parents.
2. Parallel play (toddler)
اجي كتير صح وغلط 👇🏻
Children playing the same game or with the same toy in the accompany of other children, but not with them.
3. Associative play (preschool age)
مهم اجت كتير 👇🏻
Playing the same game or activity together. In which two or three use the same equipment and participate in the same games, but each in his or her own way.
4. Cooperative play (preschool age)
playthings and ideas, organize games and make friends.
5. Competitive play(school age)
This type characterized by competitions during the play activities,
السطر دا بياجي في صح وغلط كتير ومهم 👇🏻
which is common in the adolescence
الجدول الي بعدوا اعرفوا
روح 🕊 | 32 |
| 8 | Injury Prevention
السطر دا مهم بياجي صح وغلط كتير 👇🏻👇🏻
بيقولك انه الاصابات والحوادث هيا السبب في الوفاه لل
young children
وركزوا فيها لانه بيغيرها 👆🏻
Accidents and injuries are a leading came of death and duability for young childrenwith many of these accidents being preventable.
والسطر دا مهم جداا اجي سؤال صح وغلط في بنك 👇🏻
بيقولك انه بيبقوا عرضه للاصابه بسبب عدم الاشراف من الكبار
Children are more likely to be injured when they are not under appropriate adult supervision.
الجزء دا بياجي صح وغلط بياجي اكمل بياجي اختر ومهم 👇🏻
Toddlers are most susceptible in poisoning
preschoolers to drowning, and
School-aged children to pedestrian accidents.
دا بياجي سؤال ومهم بياجي اكمل صح وغلط وركزوا انه ال common
Common childhood injuries:
Falls off beds and down stairs.
Aspiration of small objects,
innoverdose or ingestion of toxic substances
Burns Psising from medinistry
Suffocation
روح 🕊 | 31 |
| 9 | دا مهم جدا جدا جداااا احفظوهم زي اسمكوا 👇🏻
The component of health promotion includes:
1- Nutrition
3- Play
5- Sleep
4- dental Care
2- Injury Prevention
6-Immunization
7- Parental guidance
ناجي علي كل عنصر
1- Nutrition
السطر دا مهم تعرفوا انه العنصر الاساسي لتعزيز الصحه وبياجي سؤال صح وغلط ويحطلك نوت قبل الفيتل 👇🏻
Nutrition of children is a vital element of health promotion.
دي لو عايزين تعرفوها بس 👇🏻
It makes important contributions to general health and fosters growth and development.
السطر دا بياجي سؤال اكمل 👇🏻
Eating proper foods for age and activity ensures that children have the energy for proper growth, physical activity, cognition, and immune function. Nutrition is closely linked to both health promotion and health maintenance.
دي مهمه جدااااا جدا تحفظوها زي اسمكوا وبتاجي صح وغلط كتير 👇🏻
الكربوهيدرات والبروتين كام كالوري
والدهون كام كالوري
Source of Calories: Each gram of carbohydrate or protein provides 4 cal and
each gram of fat provides 9 cal.
دي مهمه جدا جدا جدا بتاجي كتير صح وغلط واكمل واختر 👇🏻👇🏻
يقولك كل مرحله بتاخد كام
Calories needs for children in different age grou
Infant
110 cal/kg/day
Toddler:
Preschool child: 1800 cal/day
1300 cal/day
School child 2400 cal day
Adolescent: "Girls 2400 cal/day
*Boys 2800-3000 cal/day
بصوا بقي علي دي
هنا بيقولك انه من عمر السنتين لحد المراهقه بنعمل المعادله دي عاشان نعرف احنا بنحتاج قد ايه 👇🏻
From the 2 years to adolescence, amount of calories can be calculated by the following formula:
دي المعادله 👇🏻
Age in years x 120+1000
روح 🕊 | 30 |
| 10 | الشبتر الرابع تمريض الاطفال
نركز علي التعريف دا مهم جدااااا وبياجي في امتحانات كتير 👇🏻
Definition of Health Promotion
Health promotion refers Health promotion comprises efforts to enhance positive health and prevent ill health, through the overlapping spheres of health education, prevention and health protection".
دي امثله علي تعزيز الصحه مش مهمه بس اعرفوها 👇🏻
Examples include providing information and resources in order to:
Enhance nutrition at each developmental stage
Integrate physical activity into the child's daily events
Provide adequate housing
Promote oral health
Foster positive personality development
دا مهم جدا جدا بياجي اكمل بياجي صح وغلط 👇🏻
دا لو قالك ال Goal
Goals of Health Promotion
The overall goal of health promotion is to promote health (physical, promogyny different age groups. and social) of children in
انما لو قالك ال
Three overlapping spheres of health promotion
هتبقي دي الاجابه ركزوا 👇🏻
Health education
Health protection
Diseases prevention
ندخل بقي علي كل واحد ونعرف ايه المهم فيه
A- Health education
دا اجي تعريف واجي صح وغلط مهم 👇🏻
Defined as "any activity that promotes health related learning
دي مهمه جدااااا تعرفوا مستويات الوقايه ايه وكل مستوي تحفظوهم زي اسمكوا 👇🏻👇🏻
B-Diseases Prevention
Level of Prevention:Prevention has three components, primary, secondary and tertiary.
Primary prevention: this involves activities that preventing the occurrence of disease or injury through health teaching such as giving immunization for prevention of illness or teaching about car safety seats for prevention of injury
Secondary prevention: Early diagnosis and early treatment to lessen the disease severity.
Tertiary prevention (Rehabilitation): This involves preventing deterioration, by appropriate treatment, rehabilitation or palliative care. It involves providing support both emotional and practical advising and information giving.
طيب تحفظوا الجدول ولا الي فوق
الي فوق شرح للجدول تمام
بس انا عن نفسي كنت حافظه الي فوق والجدول كنت حافظه منه ال action بتاعه بس
وعندكوا الجدول اجي في صح وغلط كتير كله
بصوا بالنسبه للجدول ازاي حفظت ال action بتاعه
ال Primary prevention
هيا اصلا كانت موجوده فوق نفسها
طيب ال Secondary prevention
كنت حافظه انه حاجه فيها screening
زي ال Developmental screening Vision and hearing screening
طيب ال Tertiary prevention
كنت حاطه في دماغي انها ال Restoration to optimum function
لانها بتاجي كتير صح وغلط
وانها Rehabilitation activities
ندخل بقي علي ال
- Health protection
السطر دا مهم جدا جدا هوا تعريف الحمايه الصحيه 👇🏻
It is concerned with legal and fiscal measures, regulations and policies and voluntary codes of practice.
دا اجي سؤال اكمل ايه الهدف منها 👇🏻
The aim of this sphere is to empower people to make healthy choices.
دي شفتها سؤال صح وغلط 👇🏻
Protecting health by providing low cost housing to prevent homeless بس
روح 🕊 | 37 |
| 11 | https://youtu.be/hlZROPRMuzM?si=-IrpdHDMHZB4hFGJ | 42 |
| 12 | السلام عليكم :
النهارده نكمل مع بعض شرح الشابتر الرابع من مادة تمريض الأطفال 🩵
الشابتر دا كله مهم وبيتكرر في إمتحانات كتير
Promoting health for children
⚡هنزلكوا
👈🏻 شرح بطريقه سهله وبسيطه يسهل عليكوا الدنيا
👈🏻 وكمان هقولكوا أيه أهم النقاط وطريقه الأسئله بتاجي أزاي
👈🏻وأيه الأسئله الي اتكررت في إمتحانات السنين الي فاتت علي الشابتر دا
👈🏻 وأسئله علي الشابتر وبنوك علي الشابتر
علشان المعلومة تثبت في دماغنا 💪💙 | 61 |
| 13 | بنك البلجيكي اطفال الشبتر الثالث.pdf | 95 |
| 14 | أسئله علي الباب الثالث اطفال.pdf | 96 |
| 15 | Nursing Care of preterm infants
لو اجي سؤال مقالي وعمره ماحصل
فاهيبقي الاجابه دي 👇🏻
1. Care immediately after birth:
Immediate care of preterm and resuscitation in delivery room: It includes the initial Apgar scoring system for physical condition.
1. Admission of preterm to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU):
Infant require observation at a level of transitional care
Infant require immediately admission to a level of intensive care.
1- Incubator care
2-Heat Regulation
3- Prevention of infection:
4- Oxygen administration
5- Feeding and nutrition:
6-Handling:
7- Weighing:
8- Administration of medication:
9-Charting intake and output:
10-Bathing:
11-Care of the eves:
12-Care of the cord:
13-Kangaroo Care
روح🕊 | 96 |
| 16 | دا كمان مهم جدا شفته سؤال كومبليت في بنك 👇🏻
3. Nutritional problems
Poor suckling, swallowing and gag reflexes
Small stomach capacity
Tendency to distension and vomiting.
Insufficient minerals, vitamins and deficiency of enzymes
Relaxed cardiac sphincter
Difficult fat, protein and lactose digestion
4. Increases the risk of infection
Poor antibody formation.
Lack immune substances from his/her mother which transmitted to the foetus during the last
month of gestation.
Poor protection of skin and mucous membrane.
Nursing Care of preterm infants
انما هي بتاجي ازاي
Incubator careمثلا جزئيه
بياجي السطر دا صح وغلط 👇🏻
The most common type
used is closed type,
benefits ايه ال
It prevents spread of infection
Facilitate the provision of oxygen therapy with different methods, and
Maintain the body temperature
Minimize degree of noise to the infant.
Incubator temp. 32-36 °C
الدرجه دي مهمه ممكن تاجي في صح وغلط
Heat Regulation
Room temp. 25-32°Cودي كمان ممكن تاجي في صح وغلط
انما بالنسبه للجزئيه دي بتاجي اكمل
يقولك درجه الحراره بتتفقد ازاي 👇🏻
heat loss through
Evaporation
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
ودي الجزئيه الي بعدها بتاجي سؤال مقالي ومهمه جداً جداً يقولك ازاي بنعمل وقايه من العدوي 👇🏻
Prevention of infection:
Minimize manipulation.
Follow the principals of aseptic technique
Have a special team of nurses to care for preterm infants
Isolation for the septic cases (neonates shows signs of infection) or with positive CRP titre.
Nurses, physicians, and visitors should wear special clothes
Allow proper ventilation in the unit.
Hand washing before and after doing any procedure with any neonates.
وفيها علامات العدوي برضوا مهمه يقولك ايه علامات العدوي للطفل المبتسر وكمان مش شرط يكتب طفل مبتسر ممكن يقولك ايه علامات العدوي بس
Signs of infection include:
Refusal of feeding.
Frequent loose stools.
Instability of body temperature.
Seizure activity.
Discharge from eye, nose, or umbilicus.
Respiratory infection
Skin lesions.
الجزئيه دي 👇🏻
Oxygen administration:
بياجي السطر دا صح وغلط ويشيلك نوت او يغيرلك النسبه وكمان بياجي اختر
It should be given with great caution because the risk of inducing the Retrolental fibroplasias, it should be used only when there is definite indications of dyspnea or cyanosis and not exceeding 40%.
الجزئيه دي 👇🏻
Feeding and nutrition:
بياجي سؤال اكمل كدا
types of feeding methods are:
Oral feeding
Dropper.
Gavage feedin
السطر دا بياجي صح وغلط
Apply eye drops 4 times per day for the first week of life as prophylactic measures.
ودي ممكن تاجي سؤال يقولك
Care of the cord
It must be kept dry and clean and free of contamination by urine or stools
No powders should be used on the cord.
Clean the cord with alcohol swab from downward to upward.
دا بياجي تعريف ومهم 👇🏻
Kangaroo Care The touch of a baby's skin against her
mother's associated with a decrease in need for supplemental oxygen, an increase in weight gain, and temperature stability.
روح🕊 | 58 |
| 17 | المهم في الشابتر التالت اطفال ❤
السطر دا اقروا بس هوا مش مهم قوي شفته سؤال في بنك كان سؤال كومبليت جايب السطر كله وعامل فراغ عند كام مليون دي
Preterm birth is the most
common cause of death among infants worldwide. About 15 million neonates are preterm each year (5% to 18% of all deliveries).
نبدا من اول هنا بقي المهم التعريفات دي مهمه مهمه مهمه جداااااا تحفظوها زي اسمكوا بتاجي تعريف او صح وغلط او كومبليت
Definitions of important terms
1. Gestational age (GA): the length of time from conception to delivery
التعريف دا كان من اكتر التعريفات الي بشوفها واتسالت فيه في امتحان الشهر بتاعي 👆🏻
2. Full-term infant: An infant born between the beginning of the 37 or 38 weeks and the completion of the 42 weeks of gestation, regardless of birth weight.
التعريف دا برضوا اجي في سؤال صح وغلط 👆🏻
3. Premature (preterm) infant: An infant born before completion of 37 weeks of gestation, regardless of birth weight.
ركزوا في التعريف دا انه قبل عاشان بيلخبط فيها 👆🏻
4. Post mature (post term) infant: An infant born after 42 weeks of gestational age, regardless of birth weight.
ركزوا في التعريف دا انه بعد 👆🏻
5. Low-birth-weight (LBW) infant: An infant whose birth weight is less than 2500g, regardless of gestational age.
التعريف دا شفته اتكرر كتير كمان واعتقد انه شفته في امتحانات برضوا 👆🏻
6. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (Dysmature infant): infant suffering from intrauterine malnutrition due to placental insufficiency
التعريف دا برضوا اتكرر كتير واجي في امتحان الشهر ليا 👆🏻
عوامل الخطر دي مهمه جدا جدا جدا اقل حاجه تحفظوا 8 منهم احفظوهم زي ماكتباهم لو صعبين عليكوا 👇🏻
fants Risk Factors of preterm infants
Malnutrition either under-nutrition or obesity
Medical reasons for early delivery
Multiple pregnancies
Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
Abnormal amounts of amniotic fluid.
Anxiety and depression
The use of tobacco, cocaine, and excessive alcohol during pregnancy.
Passive smoking and/or smoking before the pregnancy
Neonates with birth defects are at higher risk of being born preterm.
Infections.
دي هتفهموها وتحفظوها لانه شفتهم في بنوك في شكل صح وغلط 👇🏻
Characteristics of preterm Infant:
Shape: is very small and thin.
Skin: lack of subcutaneous fat and the skin is wrinkled, redder and covered with lanugo hair.
Head: is large in proportion to body.
Ears: soft, lack of cartilage, and poorly developed.
Thorax: fewer firms, and small, shallow, irregular respiration.
Abdomen: large and protruding.
Genital organs: small, un-descending testes in male and labia minora bulge than libia majora in females.
Extremities: thin, small, tiny muscles, slow infrequent movements of limbs, the soles and palm have minimal creases
Fingernails and toenails: are abnormally soft, short, and do not extend to the end of the fingers.
Feeble or absent crying
المشاكل هتحفظوها عناويين والي تحته لانه ممكن يقولكوا مثلا
Difficult establish and maintain respiration
زي ايه في الحاله دي هتكتبوا الي تحتها فاهمين
Problems of preterm infants
1. Difficult to establish and maintain respiration
دي مهمه شفتها في بنك 👆🏻 كومبليت
Immaturity of the respiratory center.
Surfactant deficiency
Weakness of muscles that move chest wall.
Incomplete development of the capillaries and alveoli of the lung.
Bones of chest wall retract during inspiration.
Poor coughing reflex
السطر.دا 👆🏻مهم جدا تعرفوا لانه اجي في سؤال صح وغلط وكمان هتلاقوا قدام
Frequent episodes of apnea
2. Poor control of body temperature
The temperature of the preterminfant depends on the temperature of the environment to maintain a
normal body temperature due to: السطر دا اعرفوا بس
دول تحفظوهم برضوا 👇🏻
The nervous system is poorly developed and the heat regulating centre in the brain is immature
Increased body surface
Decreased subcutaneous fat
Poor muscular development
دول مهمين جدا جدا جدا تحفظوهم وهتلاقوهم قدام في العنايه التمريضيه 👇🏻
Heat loss through:
Conduction
Evaporation
Heal
Convection
Radiation
روح🕊 | 63 |
| 18 | https://youtu.be/W2lTeV0dfzI?si=1cIBDfOEglBselet | 67 |
| 19 | السلام عليكم :
النهارده نكمل مع بعض شرح الشابتر التالت من مادة تمريض الأطفال ❤
Nursing Care of Preterm Infants
⚡هنزلكوا
👈🏻 شرح بطريقه سهله وبسيطه يسهل عليكوا الدنيا
👈🏻 وكمان هقلكوا أيه أهم النقاط وطريقه الأسئله بتاجي أزاي
👈🏻 وأسئله علي الشابتر وبنوك علي الشابتر
علشان المعلومة تثبت في دماغنا 💪💙
🌸 احنا مش بنذاكر علشان نعدي احنا بنذاكر علشان نتميز ونبقى الأفضل 💫 | 66 |
| 20 | تجميعة لينكات شرح قواعد الإنجليزي للترم الأول #تانيه_معهد_تمريض.
https://t.me/AMRHISHAMChannel2
علامات الترقيم | Punctuation Marks ⁉️
https://youtu.be/McerQBhAVUU?si=0fKjWpMolLouZoib
مشاكل الجمل | Sentences Problems 🤔
https://youtu.be/eqXFGTiod-E?si=Bh7L52HpoOW1rVOp
زمن الماضي المستمر | The Past Continuous 🤍
https://youtu.be/ZCxSpyUvrYk?si=vygCA1E4HHJp42d_
زمن المضارع المستمر | The Present Continuous Tense 🤍
https://youtu.be/xov1aSqgF0c?si=e1dfamuGy_BrI9XC
زمن الماضي التام | The Past Perfect Tense 🤍
https://youtu.be/w5BEsoEr1dg?si=_pJPH0J_2L6Dql5w
زمن المضارع التام | The Present Perfect Tense 🤍
https://youtu.be/uPGXq_DNVlQ?si=8Pan2oXJdxVU0XJd
زمن المضارع التام المستمر | The Present Perfect Continuous Tense 😬🤍
https://youtu.be/PTSUJue60ME?si=hArNNesdw7BOJ5NE
زمن الماضي البسيط | The Past Simple Tense 🤍
https://youtu.be/j4A7cBzwBRQ?si=FanRDB8CnOaP_awt
زمن المضارع البسيط | The Present Simple Tense 🤍
https://youtu.be/5WdLQgVs0Fo?si=k7_bzN1YM4CDgXhW
قائمة تشغيل مجمعة الشرح بالكامل 😉
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWNsXFvwSLs8
مع تحياتي ~ داعم طلبة التمريض | 92 |
