Important knowledge

OA of knee

Genu varus deformity of OS

GIANT-CELL TUMOUR ▪︎benign ▪︎Age: adult ▪︎Site : end of a long bone eccentrically ▪︎Mx : curettage & bone graft or cement

ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST ▪︎benign ▪︎Age : young adults ▪︎site : metaphysis ( trabeculated) ▪︎Mx: curettage & bone graft or cement (carefully )

SIMPLE BONE CYST ▪︎benign ▪︎Age : children ▪︎Site : metaphysis of long bones (common in proximal humerus & femur) ▪︎presentation : asymptomatic & rarely pathological fracture ▪︎Mx : follow up or curettage & bone graft if enlrging or pathological fracture

OSTEOCHONDROMA (CARTILAGE-CAPPED EXOSTOSIS) ▪︎benign (with malignant potential ) ▪︎site : metaphysis as exostosis (multiple if hereditary) of 1- fast-growing ends of long bones 2- the crest of the ilium. ▪︎Mx :asymptomatic = follow up Symptomatic = excision

CHONDROMYXOID FIBROMA ▪︎benign ▪︎Age : adolescents & young adults. ▪︎site :eccentrically in the metaphysis ▪︎Mx : curettage & bone graft

CHONDROBLASTOMA ▪︎benign ▪︎age : children ▪︎site : epiphysis ( proximal humerus, femur or tibia ) ▪︎Mx : curettage & bone graft

ENCHONDROMA ▪︎benign ( low risk of Ca change) ▪︎Age: Adult ▪︎presentation : incidentally , pathological fracture ▪︎Site: junction of metaphysis and diaphysis of metacarpals , metatarsals ,phalgess (hand&foot) ▪︎Mx : curettage & bone graft or cement (only follow up for asymptomatic)

OSTEOBLASTOMA (GIANT OSTEOID OSTEOMA) ▪︎benign >1cm ▪︎presentation: as osteoid osteoma (night pain relive by aspirin) ▪︎site: spine & flat bones. ▪︎Mx :wide excision & bone grafting

OSTEOID OSTEOMA ▪︎ benign ▪︎Age : children & adolescent ▪︎ presentation: pain at night & relieved aspirin ▪︎ site : diaphysis / cortex of long bone ▪︎ Mx : marginal or wide excision

⚡️alkaline phosphatase (ALP) : enzyme of osteoblastic activity (high in some bone tumors)

⚡️The most common causative organisms of Acute osteomyelitis in pt.with sickle-cell anemia is ..Salmonella

⚡️The most common causative organisms of Acute osteomyelitis is staphylococcus aureus.

⚡️Osteomyelitis ▪︎Acute = <2 weeks ▪︎Subacute = 2-8 w ▪︎chronic = >8 weeks

⚡️During infection & inflammation ▪︎ CRP rise after 6h & decrease after 2-3 day's ▪︎ ESR rise after 2-3 day's & decrease after 2-3 week's (up to 6) of resolution

Most common site for SPONDYLOLISTHESIS is L4-L5 ( then L5-S1)