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โค 14
About Rhinos:
- There are five surviving rhino species: Black and White African rhinos, and Asian rhinos (Greater One-Horned, Sumatran, and Javan).
IUCN Status:
- Greater One-Horned Rhino: Vulnerable
- Sumatran Rhino: Critically Endangered
- Javan Rhino: Critically Endangered
- Black African Rhino: Critically Endangered
- White African Rhino: Near Threatened
India's Rhino Population:
- India hosts the largest population of Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros globally, with over 90% located in Assam's Kaziranga National Park.
Habitat:
- They inhabit small areas in the Indo-Nepal terai, northern West Bengal, and Assam.
- Main Indian habitats include:
- Kaziranga National Park, Assam
- Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam
- Orang National Park, Assam
- Manas National Park, Assam
- Jaldapara National Park, West Bengal
- Gorumara National Park, West Bengal
- Dudhwa Tiger Reserve, Uttar Pradesh
Threats:
- Poaching for horns
- Habitat loss
- Population density issues
- Decreasing genetic diversity
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๐ซก 3
The Periyar Game Sanctuary is famous for its wild elephants.
- It hosts a large population of Asian elephants, sometimes forming herds of up to 50 members.
- The elephants are often seen near Periyar Lake, an artificial reservoir created by the Mullaperiyar Dam.
- The sanctuary is located in the Cardamom Hills and Pandalam Hills of the Western Ghats, along the border with Tamil Nadu.
- Visitors can engage in activities such as boat safaris, elephant rides, and trekking to closely observe the wildlife.
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### Schedules under the Wildlife Protection Act 1972
Schedule I
- Protection Level: Endangered species needing the highest protection.
- Penalties: High penalties for violations.
- Hunting: Prohibited throughout India, except under threat to human life.
- Trade: Prohibited.
- Examples: Tiger, blackbuck, Himalayan Brown Bear, Brow-Antlered Deer, Blue whale, Common Dolphin, Cheetah, Clouded Leopard, hornbills, Indian Gazelle.
Schedule II
- Protection Level: High protection for listed species.
- Penalties: High penalties for violations.
- Hunting: Prohibited except under threat to human life.
- Trade: Prohibited.
- Examples: Kohinoor (insect), Assamese Macaque, Bengal Hanuman langur, Large Indian Civet, Indian Fox, Larger Kashmir Flying Squirrel, Kashmir Fox.
Schedule III and IV
- Protection Level: Species that are not endangered but are protected.
- Penalties: Less severe penalties compared to Schedules I and II.
- Examples: Hyena, Himalayan rat, porcupine, flying fox, Malabar tree toad.
Schedule V
- Hunting: Contains animals that can be hunted.
- Examples: Mice, rats, common crow, fruit bats.
Schedule VI
- Cultivation: Contains plants that are forbidden from cultivation.
- Examples: Pitcher plant, blue vanda, red vanda, kuth.
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โค 5๐ 2
The major sites for geothermal energy in India are:
### Himalayas
- Jammu & Kashmir (J&K)
- PUGA hot spring in J&K
- Himachal Pradesh (HP)
- Manikaran in HP
- Sikkim
### Sohana
- Haryana
- Rajasthan
### Son-Narmada-Tapi (SONATA)
- Madhya Pradesh (MP)
- Chhattisgarh
- Tattapani spring in Chhattisgarh
- Jharkhand
### West Coast
- Maharashtra
- Gujarat
- Unai and Tuwa springs in Gujarat
- Karnataka
Godavari Basin
- Andhra Pradesh
- Tatipaka and Rajahmundry springs in Andhra Pradesh
- Telangana
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