UPSC CSE Why

Bhai new year ho gya hai start! No more excuses. Day 01, today, start with smart decisions & download CSEWhy app to clear UPSC 2025 👇🏼 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.csewhy.app1 Any questions? Drop in comments!!

Pre note: Happy New Year Doston :) 🚨 1st January  | Wednesday 🚨

Mains Keywords 🖋️

1. Belly landing • Aircraft lands on its fuselage due to gear failure or emergency decision • Common causes: Hydraulic/pilot error; gear deployment failure • India cases: SpiceJet (2022), Air India Express (2019); no casualties • Notable global event: Hudson River Landing (2009)

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. Challenges of a complex world (Explained page) (GS2: IR) 2. Between two worlds (Editorial) (A good read on GS2) 3. In search for resturs (Ideas page) (GS3: Economy) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. The nature of dissent in the Indian judiciary (Text&Context) (GS2: Indian Judiciary) 2. India must protect and preserve its hard-won freedoms (Text&Context) (A good read on Indian Society) 3. Willow is a small chip for Google but a quantum leap for computing (Science page) (GS3: SnT) PS: Naye saal par taiyari krne kaa isse acha tarika kya hoga?

Before you get busy, Hi! Happy New Year. Breathe. 2025 will make things better. Don't stress! You will sail well :)

Pre note: easier newspaper today, relax a bit; spend time with fam! 🚨 31st December | Tuesday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. NASA's Parker Solar Probe [ 🗓 2018] • Aim: To study the Sun's corona and solar wind • In news for closest approach: 6.2M km from Sun, speed: 700,000 km/h. • Instruments study solar wind, magnetic fields, coronal heating • Aiding space weather prediction; complements India's Aditya-L1 mission

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

The Hindu 🗞 1. States and the danger of poorly manufactured drugs (Editorial) (GS2: Policies) 2. Three foreign policy choices that shaped Carter presidency (World Page) (GS2: A good read on IR) PS: Join @CSEWhyPlanB

145 days to #UPSC Prelims 2025 today If 2024 was bad for you, let it be! Start afresh from today If it was great, double down!! 💪🏻 Aayi baat samajh?

Pre note: Its last week of 2024. Give it a grateful good-bye :) 🚨 30th December  | Monday 🚨

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian Express 📰 1. Rising above the AI line (Explained page) (GS3: SnT) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. One Nation One Election and representative democracy (Editorial) (GS2: Policies) 2. The challenge of holding judges accountable (Text&Context) (GS2: SC Judgements) PS: You liked the CSEWhy app? Yes? Lmk with a ❤️

my father always tell me: “if you want to go for a run, go for a run without looking for a company. Don’t seek permission. Just do it!” and only recently have i realized that this principle works everywhere, even more in UPSC! Just do it! 💯

Pre note: Aage ki padhai likhai toh chalti rahegi. Revision bhi time zaruri hai. 🚨 29th December  | Sunday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. Tigress Zeenat [translocated from Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve to Similipal Tiger Reserve; 🗓️15 Nov 2024] • Monitored via radio collar, drones; capture attempts ongoing • Translocation aims to boost genetic diversity in Similipal's tiger population 2. Project: Formula-E • All-electric racing series promoting EV technology and sustainability • Achieved net-zero carbon emissions through offsets and renewable projects • Hyderabad hosted India's first Formula E race in Feb 2023; added $84 mil to Hyderabad’s economy

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

The Hindu 🗞️ 1. Why better prediction of cyclone intensity, heavy rainfall is needed (Science page) (GS3: Climate & SnT) 2. Why will India’s foreign policy be a tightrope walk? (FAQ Page) (GS2: IR) 3. Why inflation will matter more in 2025 (FAQ Page) (GS3: Economy) PS: Sunday ki shaam ka kya plan hai? : 😉

Pre note: UPSC queries? Your BhAI will help you 🚨 28th December  | Saturday 🚨

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. Manmohanomics, in his own words (Explained page) (GS3: Economics) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. Rules that still manacle the captive elephant (Editorial) (GS3: Environment) PS: If you're an online aspirant what problem do you face that is unresolved? LMK by replying to this text.

Manmohan Doctrine - Foreign Policy Notes 1. India's relations with world are shaped by our developmental priorities The single most important objective of Indian foreign policy has to be to create a global environment conducive to the well-being of our great country. 2. Greater integration with the world economy will benefit India and enable our people to realize their creative potential. 3. Seek stable, long term & mutually beneficial relations, with all major powers We are prepared to work with the international community to create a global economic and security environment beneficial to all nations. 4. Indian sub-continent’s shared destiny requires greater regional cooperation and connectivity. Towards this end, we must strengthen regional institutional capability and capacity and invest in connectivity. 5. Indian foreign policy is not defined merely by our interests, but also by the values which are very dear to our people. India’s experiment of pursuing economic development within the framework of a plural, secular and liberal democracy has inspired people around the world and should continue to do so. Attempt unlimited MCQ Mocks on Indian Foreign Policy here

Pre note: weekend here, don't forget to breathe a bit! :) 🚨 27th December | Friday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. Brahmaputra river • Origin: Angsi Glacier, Tibet; flows through Tibet, India, Bangladesh • Tributaries: Dibang, Lohit, Subansiri, Teesta, Manas • Potential: High hydropower potential (~50,000 MW in India) • Biodiversity hotspot: Gangetic dolphins, riverine birds • China's upstream dams raise water security concerns • In news: China commissioned construction of world’s largest dam on Brahmaputra river 2. Revise Ken-Betwa River linkage project

Mains notes 📄

1. Right to Information Act, 2005 • Enhances transparency, accountability in governance • Applies to all public authorities, NGOs receiving govt aid; National security, foreign relations, privacy (Sec 8) are exemptions • Response time: 30 days (48 hours for urgent cases) • Hierarchical appeals: PIO → Appellate Authority → Info Commission • Success: Exposed scams (2G, CWG); improved access to welfare • 2019 amendment diluted Information Commissioners' independence 2. Fisheries in India • India, 2nd largest fish & aquaculture producer, supports nearly three crore fishers, with a record production of 175 lakh tons (2022-23) • u/ PMMSY, these serve as one-stop centers offering training, disease testing, and capacity-building • Sagar Mitras: Act as intermediaries, aiding data sharing on market trends, regulations, and fishing practices

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 Full of Former PM MMS's work. Feel free to read at your discretion The Hindu 🗞 1. Tapping into Kazakhstan’s rare earths potential (Editorial) (GS1/GS2: Geography and IR) 2. Should assisted dying be legalised? (Text&Context) (GS2: Policies and Social Issues) PS: Did you know? It is first time EVER that India does not have either a serving a former PM who came from INC.

Prayers for Dr Manmohan Singh.🙏🏻

these daily texts might be a bit boring in daily stuff. However, the details in here are where the real questions in exam come from All of these are found in interactive format on the CSEWhy app, as well. Don't let noise hamper you from focusing on the basics. Samajh rahe ho?

Pre note: Suno, naya saal aa raha hai. sahi aur nayi app download kar lo, peeche nahi rehna iss saal 🚨 26th December | Thursday 🚨

Pre facts 📃

1. 🗓 26 Dec: Veer Bal Divas

Stats📈

• ISRO: ₹1 in space returned ₹2.52 HOW? Direct Revenue; Technology Impact; Multiplier Effect; Social Benefits • Capex investments: ₹1 in Capes makes ₹4 HOW? Domestic Manufacturing; Industrial Spin-offs; Export Growth; Cost Efficiency

Pre notes 📔

1. Revise India’s 1st River Linkage Project

Mains notes 📄

1. USA-CHINA’s renewed S&T agreement New measures added in 2024: • Amendments to enhance researcher safety, address data security & iimprove research output • Fostering cooperation in critical emerging technologies & creating mutual benefits Evolving U.S-China relationship: • Willingness to continue collaboration despite geopolitical tensions • Acknowledges China’s transformation into a global leader in R&D & its strategic importance The U.S. retains a cautious stance, ensuring the agreement aligns with national security interests U.S. benefits: • Access to China’s growing R&D capabilities • Increased shared scientific efforts • Promotes mobility of researchers

Species in news 🐵🌍

1. Red panda [Ailurus fulgens; Endangered species; Protected u/ IUCN] • Found in Himalayas, incl. Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh • State animal of Sikkim; under WPA, 1972, Sch. I • Indian conservation efforts: Project Red Panda • Nocturnal; known for "false thumb" • In news: W.B welcomed 2 Red Pandas from Netherlands 2. Australia’s Online Safety Amendment (Social Media Minimum Age) Bill, 2024 • Aim: Protect children u/ sixtee16 by restricting SM access to underage aacounts • Non-compliance may incur penalties of up to $49.5 million • Concerns: Data collection for age verification w/ safeguards to destroy it & penalties for misuse under the Privacy Act, 1988

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. Why MSP matters (Ideas page) (GS2: A good read on MSP) 2. The paradox of politics (Ideas page) (GS2: Governance) 3. Key question of religion, society, law (Explained page) (GS2: SC Judgements) The Hindu 🗞 1. The lapses in the disaster management Bill (Opinion page) (GS3: Disaster Management) 2. Surveillance reform is the need of the hour (Text &Context) (GS2/GS3: Policies and Security) 3. How the 2004 Indian Ocean quake transformed tsunami science (Science page) (GS3: SnT, Disaster Management) PS: Der matt karo, CSEWhy app abhi download karo!

One thing you’ll leave behind in 2024: Fear or Indiscipline One thing you’ll take ahead in 2025: Courage or Consistency Reply 👇🏼

Pre note: A Merry Christmas to all the aspirants in this community!! 🚨 25th December  | Wednesday 🚨

Pre notes

1. Shyam Benegal • Pioneer of Indian parallel cinema, famous for socio-political themes • Highlighted caste, gender, and rural issues in films • Padma Shri (1976), Padma Bhushan (1991), Dadasaheb Phalke Award (2005) 2. History of speed of light • The speed of light is precisely 299,792,458 m/s • In 1676, Ole Roemer estimated the speed of light (~225,300 km/s) HOW? By studying delays in Jupiter's moon eclipses, linking them to Earth-Jupiter distances

Mains notes 📄

1. Quantum Computing Qubits: Basic units of quantum information that can exist in multiple states Entanglement: Links qubits, allowing state of one qubit to instantly determine the state of another, enabling faster computations How are quantum computers faster than classical ones? Parallelism: Qubits perform multiple computations simultaneously Algorithm Advantage: Quantum algorithms like Shor’s outperform classical methods Challenges in building quantum computers: Error Rates; Scalability; High Costs 2. EC's New Amendment Rules: Amendment to Rule 93(2)(a): Unlike earlier, amended rule specifies that only certain papers, will be accessible • Digital datas are excluded to ensure secrecy of votes & prevent misuse • Access to diaries containing voter turnout data & polling details is restricted to avoid misuse 3. Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant [Bangladesh’s 1st NPP; Entered testing phase] • Capacity: 2 X 1,200 MW units • Cost: $12.65 billion; Tripartite cooperation: Russia (construction), India (training, technical support), Bangladesh (host) • India’s role aligns with "Neighborhood First" policy

Places in News 📍🌏

1.Kilauea [Active shield volcano, Hawaii] • Part of Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain; formed by hotspot activity • Sacred in Hawaiian culture, associated with goddess Pele • Halemaʻumaʻu crater: Key feature, often with lava lake • USGS actively monitors for eruption predictions • In news coz of recent eruption

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. 100 years after event presided by Mahatma Gandhi why…(Govt & Politics) (GS1: History of freedom struggle) 2. The natural way out (Ideas page) (GS3: Food security) 3. An appeal too MPs (Ideas page) (Read to get quotes for GS2 Mains) 4. Bleak forecast, adaptation way forward (Explained page) (GS3: Climate) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. An India-China reset needs bold and new thinking (Editorial) (GS2: IR) 2. Myth of meritocracy, caste-based disparities in IT sector (Editorial) (GS1/GS2: Society, Social issues) PS: My Christmas present for all of you❤🎁

Friends, I’ve a big news to share! CSEWhy started as an anonymous twitter page Last week, Google selected CSEWhy in top AI Startups of 2024 Spent couple of days at gorgeous IIM Bengaluru campus. But what did we do to be here? CSEWhy App! (You read it right, we are now Google backed for right reasons :)) Have you downloaded the app? Download here: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.csewhy.app1

Pre note: 3,000+ aspirants are now learning daily on CSEWhy App. Download here 🚨 24th December | Tuesday 🚨

Pre notes

1. Miyawaki [Dense afforestation technique by Akira Miyawaki] • How? Uses native species, plants 3-5 saplings/m², and requires minimal maintenance post 2-3 years • Growth: Grows 10x faster, creating forests in 20-30 years • Benefits: Boosts biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and combats urban heat islands • Adopted in Indian cities (Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai) for urban greening 2. SVAMITVA [Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology] • 🗓2020 by Ministry of Panchayati Raj • Issues property cards for ownership rights • Uses drones to map rural lands • Aim: To digitize land records & reduce disputes • Purpose: Strengthens Panchayati Raj through clear land governance 3. Ken-Betwa [India’s first river linkage project] • Links surplus Ken River to water-deficient Betwa River • Covers MP & UP u/ India’s National River Linking Project Aims: A. Irrigate 10.62 lakh hectares and generate 103 MW power B. Provide Bundelkhand w/ drinking water for 62 lakh people • Includes Daudhan Dam and a 221 km canal • Faces ecological concerns in Panna Tiger Reserve 3. Papier-mâché (Dodo doll, Kashmir) • Crafted using paper pulp and adhesives • Originated in China, brought to India by Mughals • Kashmiri papier-mâché is renowned globally, with GI tag status • Recognized under "Make in India" and ODOP programs

Mains notes 📄

1. Why MHA impose restrictions on NE? • Protected Area Regime restricts foreigners from entering certain areas without a permit • It applies to areas near international borders 1958 Order: Foreigners require Protected Area Permit issued by the GoI for entry, residence, and duration Why was it Relaxed in 2010? - To promote tourism amid improved security - Extensions lasted till 2027, but this was withdrawn on December 17, 2024 Why Reimposed Now? Security concerns following ethnic violence in Manipur & refugee influxes 2. Google’s GenCast AI • An AI model that predicts weather using historical reanalysis data rather than NWP, which relies on physical simulations How does it work? A. It uses a neural network w/ 41,000 nodes & processes data in two refinement steps B. Each point in the network represents the weather for a specific location and time C. It predicts the next weather state by iterating over inputs, producing probabilistic forecasts

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. Some positives, some concerns (Explained page) (GS3: Economy) 2. Why the growth of India’s overall green cover is not all good news (Explained page) (GS3: Climate) The Hindu 🗞 1. India’s ‘steel frame’ does need a check (Editorial) (GS2: A good read on India’s administrative governance) 2. India’s reliance on China for critical minerals (Text&Context) (GS2: IR) PS: Join @CSEWhyPlanB

What’s your UPSC goal for 2025? Reply 👇🏼