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Animal Husbandry Obj: 01-10: CBAEDECBED 11-20: ADCEDEBAEB 21-30: ACCEEDCBEE 31-40: EEABCBCEDB Completed Like Fuel Price

(5ciii) Methods of transmission: (i) Ingestion of spores: Cattle can become infected by consuming pasture or feed contaminated with the spores of Bacillus anthracis. (ii) Contact with contaminated materials: Direct contact with contaminated materials such as soil water or carcasses of infected animals can also transmit anthrax to cattle. (5civ) Control measure: One control measure for anthrax disease in cattle is vaccination. Vaccines against anthrax are available for cattle and can effectively prevent the disease. Vaccinating cattle in areas where anthrax is endemic or has recently been reported can help reduce the risk of infection. ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Complete!!!!!

(3b) [TABULATE] =CONCENTRATES= (i) High in energy (ii) Low in fiber =ROUGHAGES= (i) Low in energy (ii) High in fiber (3c) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Reduced bone strength (ii) Poor growth (iii) Muscle tremors (iv) Reduced milk production (v) Reproductive disorders (3d) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Bone meal (ii) Fish meal (iii) Soybean meal (iv) Corn Gluten meal ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (4a) Animal improvement refers to the process of selectively breeding animals to enhance desirable traits such as productivity health temperament and appearance. (4b) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Animal improvement aims to increase the productivity of animals by improving their genetic potential for traits. (ii) Animal improvement focuses on developing animals that have greater resistance to diseases and parasites. (iii) Animal improvement aims to develop animals with improved fertility rates and reproductive efficiency. (iv) Animal improvement programs strive to produce animals with desirable quality traits. (v) Animal improvement aims to develop animals that perform well in different climates and resist extreme temperatures. (4c) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Selective breeding (ii) Hybridization (iii) Genetic modification (iv) Clonal propagation (v) Crossbreeding (vi) Mutant selection (4d) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Artificial insemination allows for the rapid dissemination of superior genetics enabling breeders to effectively produce offspring with highly desirable traits. (ii) Artificial insemination allows for the use of semen from superior males that might otherwise be geographically limited or unavailable due to various constraints. (iii) Artificial insemination reduces the risk of transmitting sexually transmitted diseases and other infections between animals during breeding. (iv) Artificial insemination is more cost-effective compared to natural mating in terms of transportation housing and management of breeding animals. (v) Artificial insemination allows for the simultaneous use of semen from a single male on multiple females. ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (5a) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) By implementing strategic grazing practices such as rotational grazing that limit the exposure of livestock to infected areas. (ii) By regularly monitoring and treating infected animals to minimize the number of viable liver fluke eggs shed into the environment. (iii) By maintaining proper drainage and avoiding the creation of wet and muddy areas where liver fluke larvae thrive. (iv) By managing vegetation and water sources to prevent the buildup of snail populations which serve as intermediate hosts for liver fluke. (v) By implementing strategic deworming programs that target liver fluke during periods of high risk based on local climatic conditions and the presence of snails. (5b) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Ticks feed on the blood of animals which can lead to decreased weight gain and reduced milk production. (ii) Ticks transmit diseases to livestock which can cause further economic losses through decreased productivity and increased medical expenses. (iii) Tick infestations in livestock result in secondary infections which require veterinary treatment and can lead to additional expenses for the farmer. (iv) Tick control measures including the use of acaricides and other treatments can be costly for farmers. (v) Ticks affect the quality of livestock products such as meat and milk by transmitting pathogens and causing skin damage. (5ci) Causal organism: Anthrax disease in cattle is caused by a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. It is a gram-positive spore-forming rod- shaped bacterium. (5cii) Symptoms: (i) Sudden death: Cattle infected with anthrax can die suddenly without showing any previous signs of illness. (ii) Hemorrhagic fever: Infected cattle often develop hemorrhagic fever characterized by fever weakness loss of appetite and a rapid heartbeat.

*2023 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANSWERS* ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ 01-10: CAAEAECEBD 11-20: ADCBCEAAEB 21-30: ACCAEACBDE 31-40: EAACAEDEBB Completed!!!! ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ANSWER FOUR (4)QUESTIONS (1a) Oestrus cycle is a reproductive cycle that occurs in most female mammals including humans. It refers to the regular pattern of hormonal changes and physiological events that prepare the female for reproduction. (1b) (i) Antibodies: Colostrum is rich in antibodies also known as immunoglobulins which help provide passive immunity to newborns. These antibodies are transferred from the mother to the baby and help protect against various infectious diseases by enhancing the baby's immune system. (ii) Growth factors: Colostrum contains essential growth factors that aid in the growth and development of the newborn. These growth factors stimulate the production of new cells enhance tissue repair and regeneration and promote overall growth and development in the early stages of life. (1c) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Progesterone maintains pregnancy in mammals. (ii) Progesterone is essential for the development and maintenance of the uterine lining. (iii) Progesterone helps prevent uterine contractions ensuring the stability of the pregnancy. (iv) Progesterone stimulates mammary gland development. (v) Progesterone suppresses the immune response. (vi) Progesterone affects metabolism in farm animals by promoting the utilization of fat as an energy source. (vii) Progesterone helps regulate blood glucose levels and maintain overall metabolic balance. (1d) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Nesting behavior (ii) Restlessness (iii) Swollen udder (iv) Vulvar swelling (v) Milk production (vi) Behavior changes ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (2a) Livestock management refers to the practice of raising breeding and caring for animals that are raised for agricultural purposes such as food production fiber production or labor. (2b) (i) Ear notching: Ear notching is a management practice commonly used in livestock farming, especially in pigs. It involves making unique and permanent cuts or notches on a pig's ear using special notching pliers. This practice allows farmers to keep track of various aspects such as breeding history health records and ownership making it easier to manage and organize the herd. (ii) Branding: Branding is a traditional method of marking animals by burning a specific pattern or code onto their skin using a hot branding iron. It is commonly used in livestock farming for cattle and horses. The branding iron is heated in a fire and then pressed onto the animal's skin leaving a permanent mark. (2c) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Restraint ensures the safety of both the cow and the person performing the ear notching. (ii) Restraint allows for greater precision and accuracy during the ear-notching process. (iii) Restraining the cow can help minimize its stress and anxiety during the procedure. (iv) Proper restraint can significantly improve the efficiency of the ear-notching process. (v) Restraint helps prevent complications associated with the cow's movement during ear notching. (2d) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) The burdizzo crushes and closes off blood vessels simultaneously during castration leading to reduced bleeding compared to using a scalpel. (ii) The use of a burdizzo eliminates the need for an incision or an open wound reducing the risk of infection compared to using a scalpel. (iii) The burdizzo is a one-time purchase while using a scalpel requires regular blade replacements and sterilization. (iv) The burdizzo causes less pain and stress to the animal compared to using a scalpel. (v) The use of a burdizzo is a quicker and simpler technique compared to using a scalpel. ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ (3a) Soilage refers to the practice of feeding farm animals with fresh-cut green forage, such as grass, legumes, or other plants.

(ii) Supply and demand: The relationship between supply and demand plays a crucial role in determining product prices. If the demand for a product is high and the supply is limited, the price tends to increase. Conversely, if the supply exceeds the demand, the price may decrease to stimulate sales. (iii) Competition: The level of competition in the market also affects the pricing of a product. In a competitive market, businesses may lower their prices to attract customers and gain a larger market share. On the other hand, if a product has unique features or a strong brand reputation, businesses may set higher prices due to the perceived value. (iv) Target market and consumer behavior: The target market and consumer behavior have a significant impact on pricing decisions. Different consumer segments have varying purchasing power and willingness to pay. Businesses often adjust prices based on factors such as income levels, demographic characteristics and buying habits of their target customers. (v) External factors: External factors such as inflation, exchange rates, taxation, and government regulations can also influence product pricing. Inflationary pressures can increase production costs, leading to price increases. Changes in exchange rates can affect the cost of imported goods, which can be reflected in the selling price. Government regulations, such as taxes or import tariffs, can also impact prices by directly adding expenses to the product. ==================== Completed!!!!!! ====================

(iii)Resource allocation: Marketing planning enables businesses to allocate their marketing resources effectively. It involves setting marketing budgets, determining resource needs, and prioritizing marketing activities. By having a well-defined plan, businesses can allocate their budgets and resources to the most impactful marketing initiatives. (iv)Evaluation and control: Marketing planning provides a framework for evaluating and controlling marketing activities. By establishing specific objectives, targets, and key performance indicators (KPIs), businesses can measure the effectiveness and efficiency of their marketing efforts. ==================== (8a) Intensive distribution: Intensive distribution is a strategy where a product is made available in as many outlets as possible within a given market. The goal is to maximize the product's availability and accessibility to customers. This approach is often used for fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) or low-cost items that have high demand. WHILE Exclusive distribution: Exclusive distribution, on the other hand, is a strategy where a product is made available only through a limited number of carefully selected outlets within a specific market. This approach is commonly used for premium or luxury products, where maintaining control over the distribution channel is critical. (8b) (i)Facilitating the physical movement of products: One of the primary functions of distribution channels is to ensure the efficient and timely movement of products from the point of production to the point of consumption. This involves activities such as transportation, warehousing, inventory management, and order fulfillment. Distribution channels help ensure that products are available in the right quantities, at the right locations, and at the right time. (ii) Providing market coverage and accessibility: Distribution channels help overcome the geographical barriers between producers and consumers by expanding the reach and accessibility of products. They establish an extensive network of intermediaries, such as wholesalers, retailers, agents, and e-commerce platforms, that have direct access to customers in various locations and market segments. This allows producers to tap into new markets, increase market penetration, and reach a wider customer base. (iii)Adding value through assortment and assortment functions: Distribution channels contribute to the creation of customer value by providing a wide assortment of products and services in one place. Retailers, for example, curate a range of products from different producers, giving customers the convenience of one-stop shopping. Distribution channels also perform assortment functions such as sorting, grading, and packaging, which enhances the appeal and value of products to customers. They ensure that products are readily available, properly packaged, and in suitable quantities, making them more appealing to consumers. (iv) Facilitating communication and customer service: Distribution channels serve as a vital communication link between producers and consumers. They gather market intelligence, feedback, and insights from customers and provide them to producers, helping them make informed decisions. Channels also play a role in promotional activities, advertising, and personal selling, effectively communicating product features, benefits, and promotions to customers. Additionally, distribution channels provide customer support, after-sales service, and assistance, building customer trust, and satisfaction. ==================== (9) (i) Cost of production: The cost of producing a product is a significant factor that influences its price. This includes raw material costs, labor costs, manufacturing overheads, and any other expenses incurred in the production process. The higher the production cost, the higher the price of the product is likely to be.

(iii) Encourage trial purchases: Sales promotions can be used to motivate customers to try a new product or service. By offering trial incentives, such as free trials, money-back guarantees, or introductory offers, companies can encourage customers to take the first step and make a purchase. (iv) Enhance brand loyalty: Sales promotion can help reinforce brand loyalty by rewarding existing customers for their repeat purchases. Loyalty programs, point systems, or exclusive offers targeted at loyal customers can help maintain a customer base and foster long-term relationships. (v) Clear inventory or seasonal products: Sales promotions can be used to clear excess inventory or promote seasonal products. Discounts, special offers, or bundling can encourage customers to purchase these products, ensuring they don't become deadstock and contributing to overall sales revenue. (vi) Stimulate impulse buys: Sales promotion tactics, such as limited-time offers, flash sales, or attractive displays, can create a sense of urgency or desire for immediate purchase. By stimulating impulse buys, companies can increase their sales and capitalize on impulsive consumer behavior. (5c) (i)Awareness (ii)Information (iii)Brand Loyalty (iv)Persuasion ==================== (7a) Consumer market is a market when individuals purchase products or services for their own personal use, as opposed to buying it to sell themselves. (7b) (i)Understand customer needs and preferences: Marketing research helps firms gain a better understanding of their target customers, their needs, preferences, and behaviours. By conducting surveys, focus groups, or analyzing market data, companies can gather information about consumer demographics, buying habits, motivations, and opinions. This knowledge helps firms tailor their products, pricing, distribution, and promotion strategies to better meet customer expectations. (ii) Assess market opportunities: Marketing research allows firms to identify and evaluate market opportunities. It helps companies analyze market trends, competition, and customer demands to identify gaps or unmet needs. By conducting market segmentation analysis, firms can identify different customer segments with varying needs and develop unique marketing approaches for each segment. (iii)Evaluate marketing initiatives: Marketing research helps firms assess the effectiveness of their marketing initiatives and campaigns. By conducting surveys, conducting brand recall studies, or analyzing sales and customer data, companies can measure the impact of their marketing efforts. This allows firms to understand what marketing strategies are working and what needs improvement. (iv)Monitor and respond to market changes: Marketing research enables firms to monitor changes and trends in the market environment. By tracking customer preferences, competitor activities, technological advancements, or regulatory changes, firms can adapt and respond proactively. This allows them to stay ahead of market shifts, identify emerging opportunities or threats, and develop strategies to maintain their competitive edge. (7c) (i)Strategic direction: Marketing planning helps businesses establish a clear strategic direction. By defining the company's goals, objectives, and target market, businesses can align their marketing efforts with their overall business strategy. It ensures that marketing activities are focused and cohesive. (ii)Market orientation: Effective marketing planning allows businesses to adopt a market-oriented approach. It involves conducting market research, analyzing customer needs and preferences, and understanding market trends and dynamics. By being customer-focused and market-driven, businesses can develop marketing strategies and tactics that resonate with their target audience.

(iii) Production of quality goods and services: Producing quality goods and services is vital for the success of any marketing campaign. Before marketing their products firms need to ensure that they have an efficient production process in place that delivers high-quality products or services. This involves setting quality standards implementing quality control measures and continuously monitoring and improving the production process to meet customer expectations. (iv) Managing distribution network: An effective distribution network is essential for successful marketing. Firms need to establish a robust distribution network that ensures their products reach the target customers in a timely and efficient manner. This involves developing partnerships with distributors wholesalers retailers and other intermediaries managing inventory levels and coordinating logistics to ensure smooth product flow from production to consumption. (v) Advertisement and promotion: Advertisement and promotion are crucial activities in marketing. Firms need to develop creative and compelling advertising and promotional campaigns to raise awareness about their products and persuade potential customers to make a purchase. This includes activities such as designing advertisements selecting appropriate media channels conducting market research identifying target audience and allocating budgets for advertising and promotion. Effective advertisement and promotion help firms to build brand recognition generate interest in their products and ultimately drive sales. ==================== (3) (i)Global reach: Internet marketing allows businesses to reach a global audience, regardless of their geographic location. This opens up immense opportunities to target customers from different countries and expand the customer base. (ii)Cost-effective: Internet marketing is generally more affordable compared to traditional marketing methods such as television or print advertising. It allows businesses to target specific audiences and measure the return on investment (ROI) accurately, minimizing unnecessary expenses. (iii)Higher customer engagement: Internet marketing provides various channels to engage with customers, such as social media, email marketing, and blog posts. These channels offer businesses an opportunity to connect with their target audience on a more personal level, fostering trust and loyalty. (iv)Targeted advertising: Internet marketing enables businesses to target specific demographics, interests, and behaviors of their potential customers. Through tools like Google AdWords or social media advertising platforms, businesses can narrow down their reach and concentrate efforts on those who are most likely to be interested in their products or services. (v)Measurable results: Internet marketing offers various analytics and tracking tools that allow businesses to measure the success of their marketing campaigns accurately. This can include tracking website traffic, conversion rates, customer engagement, and many other metrics. These insights help businesses make data-driven decisions and optimize their marketing strategies for better results. ==================== (5a) sales promotion is a marketing activity that is designed to increase sales, encourage customer loyalty, or generate brand awareness. It usually involves offering a discount or some other type of incentive for customers to buy your product or engage with your brand. (5b) (i) Increase sales: One of the primary objectives of sales promotion is to boost sales volume. By offering incentives, discounts, or limited-time promotions, companies aim to encourage customers to make immediate purchases and increase their overall sales revenue. (ii) Create brand awareness: Sales promotion activities are often used to create awareness and generate interest in a brand or a specific product. By offering promotions, such as free samples or giveaways, companies can attract new customers and generate buzz around their brand.

2023 MARKETING OBJ AND THEORY ANSWERS 01-10: CABDAACCBA 11-20: DBDBDAAABA 21-30: BCAAAEBEDE 31-40: ABDDDCDBAE 41-50: BCABAECADE 51-60: BEABDABBEC ........................... ........................... THEORY (1a) A product refers to a tangible or intangible item that is offered for sale or use and that is capable of satisfying a customer's needs or wants. It could be a physical good such as a car or a smartphone or it could be a service such as insurance or a haircut. (1b) (i) Consumer products: These are products that are purchased for personal use or consumption by individuals. Consumer products can be further classified into four categories: - Convenience products: These are everyday products that are low-cost and frequently purchased with minimal effort. Examples include snacks toiletries and impulse-buy items. - Shopping products: These are products that consumers spend more time and effort researching and comparing before purchasing. Examples include clothing electronics and furniture. - Specialty products: These are unique or high-end products that have specific characteristics and are purchased with a specific purpose. Examples include luxury goods designer brands and customized products. - Unsought products: These are products that consumers are not actively seeking out or aware of and often require marketing efforts to create demand. Examples include life insurance funeral services and some healthcare products. (ii) Industrial products: These are products that are used in the production of other goods or services rather than being directly consumed by end-users. Industrial products can be further classified into two categories: - Material and parts: These are raw materials components or sub-assemblies that are used in the manufacturing process. Examples include steel chemicals and electronic components. - Capital items: These are long-lasting and expensive products that are used to run a business or facilitate production. Examples include machinery vehicles and buildings. (1c) (i) Lack of market demand or poor market understanding: It is important for companies to thoroughly research and understand the customer needs preferences and current market trends before launching a new product. Failure to accurately identify and assess market demand can result in a product that does not meet customer expectations or solve a real problem leading to low sales and eventual failure. (ii) Inadequate product differentiation or competitive positioning: With intense competition in the market it is crucial for a new product to offer unique features or benefits that set it apart from existing alternatives. If a new product does not have a clear and compelling value proposition it may struggle to attract customers and face difficulty in gaining market share. Additionally poor positioning relative to competitors can also lead to the failure of a new product. ==================== (2) (i) Mobilization of workforce: Before marketing their products firms need to mobilize their workforce. This involves the process of gathering and organizing a skilled and efficient team to carry out various tasks related to marketing. This includes hiring employees assigning roles and responsibilities providing training and development and ensuring that the workforce has the necessary resources and support to perform their tasks effectively. (ii) Utilization of feedback: Feedback plays a crucial role in the marketing process. Firms need to gather feedback from customers stakeholders and other sources to understand their preferences needs and suggestions. This feedback is then analyzed and used to improve products services and marketing strategies. Utilizing feedback helps firms to stay responsive to customer demands and preferences and to make necessary adjustments to their marketing efforts.

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NECO FISHERIES PRACTICAL (1ai) Specimen A - Head pan Specimen B - Shovel Specimen C - Measuring tape Specimen D - Digger Specimen E - Axe Specimen F - Hooks (1aii) Draw the diagram (1aiii) A - It is used in the collection of harvested crops B - It is used to move loose, granular materials C - It is used to measure size or distance D - It is used for tilling of the soil E - It is used to cut stems and thick sized branches of trees F - It is used for surface tillage. (1bi) (i) Retract tape measures slowly (ii) Control the blade return (iii) Perform regular checks (1bii) (i) Sharpen their edges when blunt (ii) Replace any broken wooden handle (iii) Clean and wash after use. (1biii) (i) They both consist of a wooden handle (ii) They both consist of a metal blade

(2h) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Lack of essential nutrients needed for efficient ruminal fermentation. (ii) Oxidation of the fat content which reduces its nutritional value. (iii) High nitrogen content which can cause digestive problems in livestock. (iv) Bacterial contamination may occur due to improper handling. (v) Poor palatability which reduces intake. (vi) High cost ====================================================== (3a) Specimen H - Live hen (3b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) (ii) Newcastle Disease (iii) Infectious Bronchitis (iv) Infectious Laryngotracheitis (v) Avian Mycoplasma Gallisepticum (MG) (vi) Avian Encephalomyelitis (vii) Blackhead Disease (3c) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Nasal discharge (ii) Coughing/gasping (iii) Difficulty breathing (iv) Sneezing/Sporadic breathing (v) Runny eyes/nose (vi) Decreased egg production and size (vii) Increased mortality (3d) (i) Newcastle Disease Virus (ii) Infectious Bronchitis Virus (iii) Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (iv) Escherichia coli bacterin (3e) (i) Newcastle Disease Virus - Intranasal (ii) Infectious Bronchitis Virus - Intranasal/Oral (iii) Infectious Bursal Disease Virus - Intramuscular/Subcutaneous Injection (iv) Escherichia coli bacterin - Subcutaneous injection (3f) (i) Indian Rivers (ii) White Leghorn (iii) Kadaknath

NECO ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICAL ANSWERS ====================================================== (1a) Specimen A - Heart of a cattle Specimen B - shank (leg) of a fowl Specimen C - Gizzard Specimen D - Small intestine of goat (1b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Size: The heart of a cattle is relatively large compared to other organs. (ii) Shape: It has a conical shape with a pointed apex. (iii) Color: It is generally pinkish brown in color. (iv) Weight: The average weight of the heart of a cattle is around 500-700 grams. (v) Texture: It has a smooth, yet firm texture. (vi) Structure: It has four chambers, each with its own distinct purpose and is divided into several sections. (vii) Position: It is located in the chest cavity, in the center of the ribcage. (1c) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Feeding: Provide a balanced diet and high-quality feed to the animals to promote growth. (ii) Exercise: Allow the animals to exercise regularly as it helps to build muscle and increase weight. (iii) Vaccination: Make sure the animals are regularly vaccinated against common diseases and parasites that can reduce their weight. (iv) Parasite Control: Control parasites such as lice, fleas, and mites to ensure they do not impede the animal’s growth. (1d) The difference in function between Specimen C (Gizzard) and D (small intestine of goat) is that the gizzard grinds food whereas the small intestine is responsible for absorption of nutrients. (1e) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Trypsin (ii) Chymotrypsin (iii) Peptidases (iv) Amylase (v) Maltase (vi) Lactase (1f) -Specimen A- (PICK ANY ONE) (i) It pumps blood throughout the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to the cells. (ii) It helps to regulate the body temperature, by pumping hot and cold blood to different parts of the body. (iii) Its strong muscles help to filter impurities and waste material from the blood. (iv) It produces hormones and other chemicals that keep the body in balance. -Specimen B- (PICK ANY ONE) (i) It provides the bird with the necessary propulsion to move and fly. (ii) Its structure also helps birds to perform activities such as preening and bathing. (iii) It helps to provide protection from external parasites and injury. (iv) It also acts as an anchor during flight to support the wings and maintain balance. -Specimen C- (PICK ANY ONE) (i) It breaks down food into smaller pieces for easier digestion. (ii) It helps to extract minerals from food which are then absorbed by the body. (iii) It eliminates waste materials from the gut. (iv) It helps the bird to acquire essential vitamins and nutrients from its food. -Specimen D- (PICK ANY ONE) (i) It absorbs broken down nutrients from the food into the bloodstream. (ii) It helps to break down fats and proteins. (iii) It eliminates waste products from the gut. (iv) It produces enzymes and hormones needed for digestion and absorption. ====================================================== (2a) Specimen E - guinea grass Specimen F - Stylo plant Specimens G - blood meal (2b) Specimen E (guinea grass) - Panicum maximum. Specimen F - (Stylo plant) - Stylosanthes guianensis. (2c) -Specimen E- (PICK ANY ONE) (i) It is a leafy perennial grass. (ii) Its stems are flat and thin. (iii) The leaves are long and narrow. (iv) Its root system is shallow and fibrous. -Specimen F- (PICK ANY ONE) (i) It is an erect, short-lived perennial herb. (ii) Its stems are angular and hairy. (iii) Its leaves are linear to oblong. (iv) Its root system is deep and branching. (2d) Specimen E - by seed. Specimen F - by cuttings or stem cuttings. (2e) Specimen E - protein. Specimen F - phosphorus. (2f) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Freezing (ii) Drying (iii) Canning (iv) Fermenting (v) Pickling (2g) (i) Collecting the raw material (ii) Pre-treatment of the raw material (grinding, mixing with water, etc.) (iii) Heat treatment to eliminate harmful bacteria (iv) Cooling and packaging

2023 NECO ANIMAL HUSBANDRY QUESTIONS

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MATHEMATICS OBJ 01 - 10: CACCDCDECE 11 - 20: BBDABADCBB 21 - 30: ECAEEBECCA 31 - 40: DADACEEBEB 41 - 50: EECBCBBDEE 51 - 60: BEECECECCC COMPLETED

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