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(3f) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Poultry farms (ii) Domestic backyards (iii) Open rural compounds (iv) Forests (for wild birds) (v) Water bodies (for ducks and geese) (vi)Agricultural villages (vii) Aviaries or bird sanctuaries (3g) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Domestic fowl (chicken) (ii) Duck (iii) Turkey (iv) Goose (v) Guinea fowl (vi) Quail (vii) Ostrich ─────────────────────────────────────── CLICK HERE TO JOIN OUR GROUP GROUP NOW . ENJOY 👇 https://facebook.com/groups/326872033426495/ (Share the group link to your friends and classmates) ─────────────────────────────────────── On How To Get WAEC Answers 6hrs B4 Exam. Chat With Us Now On WhatsApp@ 08023343546 . . SHARE 4 MORE ANSWERS 📑 ───────────────────────────────────────

2025 WAEC BIOLOGY PRACTICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (1a) (i) Phylum: Arthropoda (ii) Class: Insecta (1b) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Presence of three body parts: head, thorax, and abdomen (ii) Possession of three pairs of jointed legs (iii) Presence of one or two pairs of wings (iv) Presence of antennae (v) Body covered with an exoskeleton (vi) Undergoes metamorphosis (1c) Parasitism (1d) (PICK TWO ONLY) (i) Hard mandibles for boring into seeds (ii) Compact body to fit into small spaces (iii) Brownish color for camouflage within beans (iv) Strong legs for clinging to the seed surface (v) Ability to lay eggs inside seeds for the protection of larvae (1e) (PICK TWO ONLY) (i) Sun-drying to reduce the moisture content (ii) Storing in airtight containers (iii) Use of insecticides or fumigants (iv) Freezing or refrigerating (v) Use of natural repellents like dried pepper or neem leaves (1fi) (PICK TWO ONLY) (i) Used as a food source rich in protein (ii) Used for making bean flour and other processed foods (iii) Serves as livestock feed (iv) Used in crop rotation to fix nitrogen (v) Source of income for farmers and traders (1fii) Protein (1g) (COMPLETE THE TABLE) =Five Observable Parts of Specimen C= (i) Leaf (ii) Stem (iii) Root (iv) Flower (v) Bud =One Function of Each of the Parts to the Specimen= (i) Carries out photosynthesis to produce food (ii) Supports the plant and transports water and nutrients (iii) Anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals (iv) Involved in reproduction and attracts pollinators (v) Develops into a new flower or leaf. *WAEC BIOLOGY PRACTICAL* *NUMBER TW0* (2ai) E (Pineapple): Multiple fruit F (Orange): Berry (2aii) Axile placentation (2aiii) The ovules/seeds are attached to a central column within the ovary, characteristic of axile placentation. (2bi) E (Pineapple): False fruit (accessory fruit) F (Orange): True fruit (2bii) E (Pineapple): It develops from the inflorescence (multiple flowers) and includes tissues other than the ovary. F (Orange): It develops solely from the ovary of a single flower. (2ci) (i) Both are fleshy fruits. (ii) Both contain seeds. (iii) Both have a tough outer skin (rind). (2cii) [TABULATE] =E (Pineapple)= (i) Made up of many fused flowers/fruits (ii) Has a rough, spiny outer skin (iii) Seeds are scattered throughout flesh =F (Orange)= (i) Develops from a single flower (ii)Has a smooth, leathery outer skin (iii) Seeds are located in central locules (2di) Animal (or zoochory) (2dii) The fruit is fleshy, juicy, and attractive, encouraging animals to eat it and disperse the seeds. (2e) DIAGRAM *WAEC BIOLOGY PRACTICAL* *NUMBER THREE* (3ai) (IN TABULAR FORM) (i) Test: Biuret test for protein (ii) Observation: Violet or purple coloration (iii) Inference: Protein is present (3aii) Biuret test (3aiii) Millon's test (3aiv) (i) Milk (ii) Meat (3b) (IN A TABULAR FORM) (i) Test: Biuret test (ii) Observation: No color change (iii) Inference: Protein is absent (3c) (IN A TABULAR FORM) -Five Observable Parts Of Specimen J- (i) Eggshell (ii) Egg white (albumen) (iii) Egg yolk (iv) Chalaza (v) Egg membrane -One Function of Each of the Parts- (i) Protects the internal contents from damage and microbes (ii) Provides water and protein for the embryo (iii) Supplies nutrients (fats and vitamins) to the embryo (iv) Holds the yolk in position within the egg (v) Serves as an additional protective barrier (3d) (i) Kingdom: Animalia (ii) Phylum: Chordata (iii) Class: Aves (3e) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) It serves as a rich source of high-quality protein in human diets. (ii) It is used in baking and food industries (e.g., cakes, pastries, mayonnaise). (iii) It provides income to poultry farmers and egg sellers. (iv) It is used in the production of vaccines (e.g., for influenza). (v) It is used in laboratory experiments and biological research. (vi) It contributes to job creation in poultry production and distribution. (vii) It is used in cosmetics and hair treatment products (e.g., egg masks).

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(9a) Traditional mode of popular participation refers to the indigenous and informal methods through which people in a community engage in political and societal decision-making processes. These methods are rooted in customs, culture, and long-established practices, such as town hall meetings, age grades, village assemblies, and council of elders. (9b) (PICK ANY SIX) (i) Cultural Relevance: It reflects and respects the traditions and values of the people, making participation more meaningful. (ii) Inclusiveness: It allows for the involvement of a wide range of community members, including elders, women, and youths. (iii) Conflict Resolution: Traditional methods often promote peaceful dialogue and consensus-building. (iv) Trust and Legitimacy: Decisions made through traditional means are often trusted and accepted by community members. (v) Cost Effectiveness: These systems are usually low-cost since they do not require formal structures or large financial resources. (vi) Social Cohesion: Participation fosters unity and strengthens the sense of belonging within the community. (vii) Accessibility: Most people can easily participate since it does not require formal education or technical knowledge. (viii) Support for Governance: Traditional participation can complement modern governance by enhancing grassroots involvement. *===================* *===================* *GOOD LUCK*💙 ─────────────────────────────────────── CLICK HERE TO JOIN OUR GROUP GROUP NOW . ENJOY 👇 https://facebook.com/groups/326872033426495/ (Share the group link to your friends and classmates) ─────────────────────────────────────── On How To Get WAEC Answers 6hrs B4 Exam. Chat With Us Now On WhatsApp@ 08023343546 . . SHARE IT TO YOUR CLASSMATES & TEACHERS. IT'S MIGHT BE OF BIG HELP TO THEM 📖 ───────────────────────────────────────

(iv) Lack of Education and Awareness: Displaced individuals may not know how to identify or avoid trafficking schemes. (v) Unregulated Refugee Camps: Poorly managed camps can be targeted by traffickers. (vi) Limited Law Enforcement Presence: Weak security allows traffickers to operate freely. (vii) Language Barriers: Difficulty communicating can prevent her from seeking help or understanding dangers. (viii) Trusting Strangers: Refugees may be easily deceived by traffickers posing as helpers. (ix) Lack of Employment Opportunities: Desperation for income may lead her to accept exploitative work. (x) Gender-Based Vulnerability: Women and girls are particularly targeted for sex trafficking and forced labor. (6b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Increase Security in Refugee Camps: Deploy trained personnel to monitor and prevent trafficking activities. (ii) Conduct Awareness Campaigns: Educate refugees on the dangers and signs of trafficking. (iii) Provide Legal Documentation: Issue IDs or temporary permits to give refugees legal protection. (iv) Offer Psychological and Social Support: Help displaced persons rebuild their confidence and decision-making skills. (v) Ensure Access to Education and Skills Training: Empower refugees with knowledge and practical skills. (vi) Strengthen Border and Camp Monitoring Systems: Prevent traffickers from infiltrating refugee areas. (vii) Collaborate with NGOs and International Agencies: Share information and resources to protect vulnerable groups. (viii) Create Safe Reporting Channels: Establish hotlines and complaint desks for victims to report suspicious activities. *===================* *===================* (7a) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Provision of basic social services such as health centers, water supply, and waste disposal. (ii) Construction and maintenance of roads within the local area. (iii) Establishment and regulation of markets and motor parks. (iv) Collection of rates and levies (e.g., shop and tenement rates). (v) Registration of births, deaths, and marriages. (vi) Maintenance of law and order through local security and vigilante groups. (vii) Development of agriculture and natural resources at the grassroots level. (viii) Implementation of community development projects in collaboration with local residents. (7b) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Federal government allocation (statutory allocation). (ii) State government grants or subventions. (iii) Local taxes and rates (e.g., tenement rates, radio/TV license fees). (iv) Fines and court fees collected from customary courts. (v) Fees from motor parks, markets, and business premises. (vi) Proceeds from licenses (e.g., bicycle, wheelbarrow, hawking). (vii) Rents from local government properties. (viii) Donations and aids from NGOs, individuals, or international bodies. *===================* *===================* (8) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Ensures Equality Before the Law: Everyone, including leaders, is subject to the law, which prevents misuse of power. (ii) Promotes Accountability: Government officials can be held accountable for unlawful actions, discouraging authoritarian behavior. (iii) Protects Fundamental Rights: Citizens’ rights and freedoms are safeguarded, reducing the chance of oppression. (iv) Limits Abuse of Power: Clear legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms prevent leaders from acting beyond their powers. (v) Encourages Judicial Independence: An independent judiciary checks the excesses of the executive and legislature. (vi) Strengthens Democratic Institutions: It empowers institutions like the legislature, courts, and media to operate freely and fairly. (vii) Promotes Transparency: The rule of law requires that government actions follow established legal procedures, limiting secrecy and corruption. (viii) Fosters Public Confidence: When people trust that the law is fairly applied, they are more likely to resist undemocratic rule and support legal processes. *===================* *===================* *WAEC CIVIC EDUCATION* *NUMBER NINE*

(ii) National Youth Service Corps (NYSC): The NYSC programme encourages national integration and allows fresh graduates to contribute to community development. It also exposes them to leadership roles and job opportunities in different regions, building their confidence and experience. (iii) Youth Enterprise with Innovation in Nigeria (YouWiN!): This initiative provides financial support and business mentorship to young entrepreneurs. It has empowered many youths by helping them develop business plans, access funding, and grow their enterprises, thus fostering entrepreneurship. (iv) Government Agricultural Empowerment Schemes: Programs like the Youth Farm Lab and N-Power Agro offer agricultural training, tools, and grants to young farmers. This has encouraged youth involvement in agriculture, helping them become self-reliant while contributing to national food security. (v) N-Power Programme: N-Power is a large-scale government employment initiative that engages thousands of unemployed graduates in sectors such as education, health, and technology. It provides monthly stipends, work experience, and on-the-job training, empowering participants to be productive members of society. (vi) Digital Literacy and Innovation Hubs: Governments have established ICT and innovation hubs where young people can learn coding, robotics, digital marketing, and other tech skills. These centers equip youths for the digital economy and open up global job opportunities. (vii) Student Loan and Scholarship Schemes: By offering scholarships, bursaries, and student loans, the government has made education more accessible to youths from low-income families. This has empowered them intellectually and created a path toward professional careers. (viii) Youth Involvement in Governance Initiatives: Through appointments, youth parliaments, and advisory councils, the government involves young people in decision-making processes. This not only builds leadership skills but also gives youths a voice in shaping national policies that affect their future. *===================* *===================* (5a) (i)Health Risks: Unknown side effects, potential overdose, or adverse reactions with other medications. (ii)Legal Consequences: Possession or use of illegal substances can lead to legal troubles, fines, or even imprisonment. (iii)Impaired Judgment: The pills could impair Mosi's judgment, leading to poor decision-making that might affect his relationships, academic performance, or safety. (iv)Addiction or Dependency: There's a risk of developing a dependency on the substance, which could lead to long-term health and personal issues. (v)Negative Impact on Academic Performance: Substance use can affect concentration, memory, and overall academic achievement, potentially jeopardizing Mosi's future opportunities. (5b) (i)Say No Directly: Clearly and firmly decline the offer without hesitation. (ii)Explain His Reasons: Share his concerns about the potential risks and consequences of taking the pills. (iii)Suggest Alternatives: Propose alternative ways to relax and enjoy time with friends that don't involve substance use. (iv)Seek Support: Talk to a trusted friend, family member, or counselor about the situation for guidance and support. (v)Focus on Personal Goals: Remind himself of his personal goals and priorities, and how substance use could hinder achieving them. *===================* *===================* (6a) (PICK ANY SEVEN) (i) Lack of Legal Protection: Refugees often lack proper documentation, making them vulnerable to exploitation. (ii) Separation from Family: Being alone or separated from support systems increases vulnerability. (iii) Poverty and Desperation: Limited access to food, shelter, and resources may make her more likely to accept risky offers.

(2b) (PICK FIVE ONLY) (i) Respecting National Symbols: Citizens can show loyalty by respecting national symbols like the flag, anthem, and coat of arms during official events and daily life. (ii) Obeying Laws and Regulations: Abiding by the rules and laws of the country shows commitment to social order and national unity. (iii) Voting in Elections: Participating in free and fair elections helps in choosing competent leaders and supporting democratic governance. (iv) Paying Taxes: Timely payment of taxes supports national development and demonstrates commitment to the country’s economic growth. (v) Defending the Nation: Citizens may serve in the military or support national defense efforts to protect the country’s sovereignty and integrity. (vi) Promoting National Unity: Avoiding hate speech, tribalism, and discrimination while promoting peace and inclusion demonstrates loyalty to the nation’s values. (vii) Protecting Public Property: Taking care of and avoiding the destruction of government facilities such as schools, roads, and hospitals shows regard for national assets. (viii) Reporting Crimes and Threats: Alerting authorities about criminal activities or threats to national security helps protect the nation and its citizens. *===================* *===================* (3a) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Underage Driving: Timmy, being only fifteen years old, is legally underage and not permitted to drive, highlighting a serious violation of traffic regulations regarding the minimum driving age. (ii) Use of Mobile Phone While Driving: Receiving a call while driving is a distraction and a major cause of road accidents, as it reduces focus and reaction time. (iii) Disregard for Traffic Signals: Running a red light is a direct breach of traffic laws and endangers all road users by increasing the risk of collision. (iv) Lack of Supervision: The incident implies that Timmy might have had access to a vehicle without proper adult supervision, which is both irresponsible and unsafe. (v) Poor Road Safety Awareness: Timmy’s behavior suggests a lack of understanding or disregard for basic road safety principles, which should be emphasized through proper education. (vi) Negligence in Law Enforcement: The fact that a minor was driving without immediate consequences may indicate weak enforcement of traffic laws and regulations. (3b) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Strict Enforcement of Age Restrictions: Authorities must strictly enforce laws that set the minimum legal age for driving to prevent underage individuals from operating vehicles. (ii) Public Awareness Campaigns: Continuous education through media and schools on the dangers of distracted driving and running red lights can help instill safe habits. (iii) Parental Responsibility and Monitoring: Parents should ensure that their children do not have unauthorized access to vehicles and must educate them on road safety. (iv) Installation of Surveillance Cameras: Traffic light cameras and road surveillance can help detect and penalize violators, discouraging dangerous behavior like running red lights. (v) Integration of Road Safety in School Curricula: Educating students about road safety from a young age can help build a culture of responsible driving before they are old enough to drive. (vi) Penalizing Mobile Phone Use While Driving: There should be clear penalties for the use of phones while driving, and awareness about these laws should be emphasized to all road users. *===================* *===================* (4) (PICK FIVE ONLY) (i) Youth Empowerment and Skills Acquisition Programmes (YESAP): This initiative provides training in vocational and technical skills such as tailoring, carpentry, ICT, and welding. Through these programs, many young people gain practical skills that enable them to start their own businesses or secure employment, reducing youth unemployment.

WAEC 2025 CIVIC EDUCATION QUESTIONS & ANSWERS OBJ: - 01-10: BBABBABACD 11-20: CBDCCBCADB 21-30: BCDDDCCBAC 31-40: ADDBDBBDBA 41-50: DBDCCACACA COMPLETED. THEORY: - (1a) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Promotion of Violence: Constant exposure to violent content in the media can desensitize children, making them more aggressive and undermining parental efforts to teach peace and empathy. (ii) Encouragement of Immorality: Negative media often glamorizes inappropriate behaviors such as premarital sex, drug use, and disrespect for authority, which conflict with the values parents aim to instill. (iii) Poor Academic Focus: Excessive media consumption, especially of entertainment with no educational value, can distract children from their studies and diminish their academic performance. (iv) Distortion of Reality: Media can create unrealistic expectations about life, success, and appearance, making it hard for parents to guide their children to appreciate genuine values and self-worth. (v) Weakened Parent-Child Bond: When children spend more time consuming media than engaging with family, it reduces quality time and weakens communication and trust between parents and children. (vi) Reduced Moral Sensitivity: Negative media often downplays the consequences of bad behavior, which can cause children to adopt a careless attitude toward moral and ethical decisions. (1b) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Media Literacy Education: Parents should teach children to critically analyze media messages and recognize biases, stereotypes, and falsehoods. This helps children not to accept everything they see or hear as the truth. (ii) Setting Media Boundaries: Establishing limits on screen time and monitoring what children watch or read helps to control their exposure to harmful content. (iii) Encouraging Open Communication: Creating an environment where children feel safe to discuss what they encounter in the media allows parents to correct misconceptions and reinforce family values. (iv) Providing Positive Alternatives: Introducing children to educational programs, wholesome books, and engaging family activities can reduce their attraction to negative media content. (v) Being a Role Model: Parents must lead by example by consuming responsible media themselves and demonstrating critical thinking, respectful behavior, and good morals. (vi) Using Parental Control Tools: Installing software or using features on TVs and devices to block or filter inappropriate content can protect children from harmful media exposure. *===================* *===================* (2a) (PICK FIVE ONLY) (i) Legal Entry and Residence: The alien must have entered the country legally and maintained a lawful residence for a specified period, as required by the country's immigration laws. (ii) Good Character: The applicant must demonstrate good moral character by having no criminal record or history of involvement in activities that threaten public peace or national security. (iii) Proficiency in Language: Many countries require the applicant to have a working knowledge of the official language to ensure proper integration into society. (iv) Understanding of National Culture and Laws: The alien must show knowledge of the country’s history, customs, values, constitution, and legal system. (v) Oath of Allegiance: The individual must be willing to take an oath of allegiance, pledging loyalty to the new country and renouncing allegiance to other nations. (vi) Financial Stability: The applicant must prove that they are financially self-sufficient and will not become a burden to the state. (vii) Contribution to Society: Some countries require evidence that the applicant has contributed positively to society, such as through employment, community service, or investment. (viii) Age Requirement: The alien must have attained the legal age of maturity, often 18 years or older, as required by the naturalization laws of the country.

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(5bii) Dehorning: Dehorning is the removal of horns from animals (especially cattle and goats) to prevent injuries to other animals and handlers and to reduce space requirements in housing and transport. (5biii) Castration: Castration is the removal or inactivation of the testes in male animals to prevent breeding, reduce aggression, and improve the quality of meat. (5c) (i) Seed selection (ii) Pre-germination (iii) Sowing (iv) Watering (v) Shading (vi) Weeding and pest control (vii) Transplanting *WAEC AGRIC SCIENCE* *NUMBER SIX* (6ai) Farm inventory: A detailed list of all the assets and items on a farm, including machinery, tools, livestock, crops, and other materials, used to assess the farm's worth and aid in management decisions. (6aii) Depreciation: The reduction in the value of a farm asset over time due to wear and tear, age, or obsolescence. It is used to calculate the current value of assets. (6aiii) Liability: The financial obligations or debts that a farm owes to external parties, such as loans, mortgages, or unpaid bills. (6aiv) Salvage value: The estimated residual value of an asset at the end of its useful life, which can be recovered by selling or disposing of the asset. (6bi) The law of supply states that, all other factors being equal, the quantity of a good supplied increases as the market price increases, and decreases as the market price decreases. (6bii) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Weather conditions (ii) Availability and cost of farm inputs (iii) Government policies (iv) Price of farm produce in the market (v) Availability of labor (vi) Technological advancement (vii) Storage and transportation facilities (6c) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Weeds can harbor pests and diseases harmful to animals (ii) Some weeds are poisonous and can cause illness or death if consumed (iii) Weeds reduce the quality of pasture available for grazing (iv) Dense weed growth can restrict animal movement and access to water or feed (v) Increased cost of pasture management due to the need for weed control (vi) Some weeds have thorns or spines that can injure animals (vii) Weeds may outcompete nutritious pasture grasses (viii) Weeds may reduce the palatability of pasture (ix) Infestation of invasive weeds may lower the overall carrying capacity of grazing land *COMPLETE SOLUTION DONE* https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VadcGORIXnlzFALi1F0e

(iii) It increases the rate of evapotranspiration. (iv) It helps in the dispersal of pollen for pollination. (v) It can spread pests and diseases. (vi) It contributes to soil erosion. (vii) It can aid in seed dispersal. (viii) Strong winds can destroy farm infrastructure such as greenhouses. (3bii) LIGHT: (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) It is essential for photosynthesis in crops. (ii) Inadequate light reduces crop yield. (iii) It influences flowering and fruiting in plants. (iv) Light duration affects vegetative growth. (v) Excessive sunlight can cause wilting and scorching. (vi) It affects the opening and closing of stomata. (vii) Light intensity influences plant pigmentation. (viii) It helps in regulating plant circadian rhythms. (3c) (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) Logging for timber and firewood. (ii) Bush burning. (iii) Farming and agricultural expansion. (iv) Urbanization and construction. (v) Mining activities. (vi) Road construction. (vii) Industrial development. (viii) Charcoal production. *2025 WAEC AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE* (4a) Cotton Cultivation (i) Planting Material Cotton is typically planted using seeds. High-quality seeds are essential for optimal germination and yield. (ii) Spacing Proper spacing (usually 30-100 cm between rows and 10-30 cm between plants) ensures adequate sunlight, air circulation, and nutrient uptake. (iii) Two Varieties (i)Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Most widely cultivated, suitable for various climates. (iii)Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense): Known for extra-long staple fibers, often used for high-quality textiles. (iv) Harvesting Cotton is usually harvested using mechanical pickers or hand-picking, depending on the scale and type of cultivation. (v) (i)Bollworms : Larvae that feed on cotton bolls, causing damage. (ii)Aphids : Small insects that suck sap, potentially transmitting diseases. (vi) (i)Textiles Cotton fibers are used to produce clothing, bedding, and other fabric products. (ii) Oil productionCottonseed oil is used in cooking, cosmetics, and industrial applications. (4b) (i)Improved yield: New varieties may offer higher yields, increasingBollworms*: Larvae that feed on cotton bolls, causing damage. (ii)Aphids : Small insects that suck sap, potentially transmitting diseases. productivity. (ii)Disease resistance : Some new varieties may be resistant to specific diseases, reducing pesticide use. (iii)Enhanced flavor and texture: New varieties can offer improved taste and texture, appealing to consumers. (iv)Increased shelf life : Some new varieties may have longer shelf lives, reducing post-harvest losses. (v)Diversified market options : Introducing new varieties can create new market opportunities and attract different consumer segments. (4c) (i)Feeding and watering Ensure access to nutritious feed and clean water. (ii)Egg collectionRegularly collect eggs to prevent breakage and maintain cleanliness. (iii)Health monitoring : Monitor birds for signs of illness or stress, and provide veterinary care as needed. (iv)Cage cleaning and maintenance : Regularly clean cages to maintain hygiene and prevent disease. *WAEC AGRIC SCIENCE* *NUMBER FIVE* (5ai) -Fencing- (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Prevents animals from straying or escaping. (ii) Protects pasture from overgrazing by controlling access. (iii) Prevents theft or loss of livestock. (iv) Keeps out predators and trespassers. (v) Helps in rotational grazing by dividing the land into paddocks. (vi) Protects young or newly established pasture from being grazed prematurely. (5aii) -Adequate stocking- (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Prevents overgrazing and degradation of pasture. (ii) Ensures animals get enough feed and maintain good health. (iii) Maintains soil fertility and reduces erosion. (iv) Enhances uniform utilization of pasture. (v) Promotes regrowth of pasture grasses. (vi) Helps in better planning and management of farm resources. (5bi) Culling: This is the process of removing unproductive, sick, or undesirable animals from a herd or flock to improve the overall quality and productivity.

*A COMPLETE SOLUTION ON 2025 WAEC AGRICULTURE SCIENCE* *AGRIC SCIENCE* 01-10: CACDCDDABC 11-20: DABABACBDB 21-30: CCCACABBDC 31-40: BCDBCBDCBD 41-50: DCCACBBCAD *COMPLETED.* *2025 WAEC AGRICULTURE SCIENCE SOLUTION* *INSTRUCTIONS THEY ARE SIX(6) QUESTION TO ANSWER FIVE(5) ONLY* *2025 WAEC AGRICULTURE SCIENCE SOLUTION* *WAEC AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE* *NUMBER ONE* (1a) (PICK SIX ONLY) (i) Poor storage facilities (ii) Inadequate transportation infrastructure (iii) Low agricultural productivity (iv) Pests and diseases affecting crops (v) Climate change and erratic rainfall (vi) Political instability and conflicts (vii) Lack of access to modern farming tools (viii) High cost of farm inputs (ix) Poor government policies (x) Urban migration reducing rural farm labor (1b) (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) Ministry of Agriculture (ii) West African Agricultural Productivity Programme (WAAPP) (iii) Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation (NAIC) (iv) Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) (v) National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) (vi) National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) (1ci) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Ploughing (ii) Harrowing (iii) Ridging (iv) Planting (v) Spraying (vi) Harvesting (1cii) (PICK FIVE ONLY) (i) High cost of purchasing tractors (ii) Lack of access to credit facilities (iii) Poor road networks for transporting machinery (iv) Inadequate training on tractor use (v) Scarcity of spare parts (vi) Poor maintenance culture (vii) Low level of mechanized farming (viii) Unstable government policies (ix) Limited government subsidies or support (x) Lack of awareness about available mechanization programs. *WAEC AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE* *NUMBER TWO* (2a) (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) Leaching: Nutrients are washed deep into the soil by rainwater beyond the reach of plant roots. (ii) Erosion: Topsoil, which is rich in nutrients, is carried away by wind or water. (iii) Continuous cropping: Growing crops repeatedly on the same land without replenishing nutrients reduces soil fertility. (iv) Bush burning: Burning vegetation destroys organic matter and essential nutrients in the soil. (v) Overgrazing: Animals feed excessively on pasture, exposing soil and increasing erosion and nutrient loss. (vi) Harvesting of crops: Nutrients taken up by crops are removed permanently from the soil when the crops are harvested. (vii) Poor farming practices: Practices like improper tillage and monoculture can deplete soil nutrients. (viii) Absence of crop rotation: Growing the same crop continuously exhausts specific nutrients used by that crop. (2bi) ADVANTAGES: (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Improves soil structure and texture (ii) Increases organic matter content in the soil (iii) Enhances soil microbial activity (iv) Reduces the need for chemical fertilizers (v) Improves water retention in the soil (vi) Suppresses weed growth (2bii) DISADVANTAGES: (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Takes time to decompose before planting the main crops (ii) Requires extra labor and land for growing green manure crops (iii) May temporarily tie up soil nutrients during decomposition (iv) Not suitable for all soil types or crops (v) Can attract pests or diseases if not managed properly (vi) May increase soil acidity if used excessively (2c) (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) It leads to a loss of biodiversity (ii) Causes soil erosion and degradation (iii) Reduces rainfall and disrupts the water cycle (iv) Contributes to climate change through carbon emissions (v) Leads to desertification (vi) Destroys habitats of wildlife (vii) Affects the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities (viii) Increases the risk of flooding. *WAEC AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE* *NUMBER THREE* (3a) (Complete the Table) (3bi) WIND: (PICK FOUR ONLY) (i) It causes mechanical damage to crops. (ii) It leads to lodging of tall crops like maize and sorghum.

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WAEC 2025 AGRIC QUESTIONS