🔥The Hindu Vocabulary 27 Aug 2025
1. Tariff (Noun)
Meaning: A tax imposed by a government on goods entering or leaving the country.
Hindi: टैरिफ, शुल्क।
Synonyms: Duty, levy, toll.
Antonyms: Subsidy, exemption, relief.
Example: The U.S. imposed a 25% tariff on Indian goods.
Related Words: Tariffs (plural), tariffed (adjective).
2. Swadeshi (Adjective/Noun)
Meaning: Relating to the promotion of indigenous goods and self-reliance.
Hindi: स्वदेशी।
Synonyms: Native, local, homegrown.
Antonyms: Foreign, imported, global.
Example: Modi promoted the Swadeshi mantra to boost local products.
Related Words: Swadeshiism (noun), swadeshify (verb, rare).
3. Exemption (Noun)
Meaning: The action of freeing or state of being free from an obligation or duty.
Hindi: छूट, मुक्ति।
Synonyms: Waiver, exclusion, relief.
Antonyms: Obligation, liability, duty.
Example: Iron and steel received exemptions from the new tariffs.
Related Words: Exempt (verb), exemptible (adjective).
4. Counter-tariff (Noun)
Meaning: A retaliatory tariff imposed in response to another country's tariffs.
Hindi: जवाबी टैरिफ, प्रतिक्रिया शुल्क।
Synonyms: Retaliation tax, reciprocal duty, counter-duty.
Antonyms: Concession, reduction, agreement.
Example: India may consider counter-tariffs against the U.S.
Related Words: Counter-tariffing (noun), counter-tariffed (adjective).
5. Rationale (Noun)
Meaning: The reasoning or justification behind a decision or action.
Hindi: तर्क, औचित्य।
Synonyms: Logic, reasoning, basis.
Antonyms: Irrationality, absurdity, caprice.
Example: The GST Council will discuss the rationale for rate cuts.
Related Words: Rational (adjective), rationally (adverb).
6. Quota (Noun)
Meaning: A fixed share or amount of something allocated to a person or group.
Hindi: कोटा, निर्धारित हिस्सा।
Synonyms: Allocation, limit, share.
Antonyms: Excess, surplus, unlimited.
Example: Exporters fear quotas may shrink due to tariffs.
Related Words: Quotas (plural), quotable (adjective).
7. Sanction (Noun/Verb)
Meaning: A penalty or coercive measure; to give official permission or approval.
Hindi: प्रतिबंध, अनुमति।
Synonyms: Penalty, embargo, authorization.
Antonyms: Approval (as verb), prohibition (as noun).
Example: The U.S. labeled the tariffs as sanctions on India.
Related Words: Sanctioned (adjective), sanctioning (noun).
8. Cohesion (Noun)
Meaning: The action or fact of forming a united whole.
Hindi: एकता, सामंजस्य।
Synonyms: Unity, solidarity, harmony.
Antonyms: Division, discord, fragmentation.
Example: Iran’s attacks threatened Australia’s social cohesion.
Related Words: Cohesive (adjective), cohesively (adverb).
9. Expel (Verb)
Meaning: To officially force someone to leave a place or organization.
Hindi: निष्कासित करना, बाहर निकालना।
Synonyms: Eject, oust, banish.
Antonyms: Admit, welcome, include.
Example: Australia expelled Iran’s ambassador over the attacks.
Related Words: Expulsion (noun), expellable (adjective).
10. Diplomacy (Noun)
Meaning: The management of international relations through negotiation.
Hindi: कूटनीति।
Synonyms: Statesmanship, tact, negotiation.
Antonyms: Hostility, conflict, aggression.
Example: Ties with Iran ended due to diplomatic fallout.
Related Words: Diplomat (noun), diplomatic (adjective).