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Combing: •connecting a word root and a suffix, but not used when connecting a prefix and a word root. •Not used when connecting word roots and suffixes beginning with a vowel (a,e.i.o,u). •there is usually a slash separating the root and the connecting vowel. For example, carcin/o.

كده ال suffixes

Suffixes: •-oma=tumor. •-centesis: surgical puncture to aspirate or remove fluid( Paracentesis: a puncture of the peritoneal cavity to remove fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes). •-pexy: surgical fixation. •-plasty: surgical repair. •herniorraphy: surgical repair of the hernia with suture of the abdominal wall. •-scopy: visual examination with the use of a lighted instrument. •-stomy:creation of an opening. •-tome:an instrument used for cutting. •-tomy: incision (incision into tissue) •tripsy: surgical crushing, breaking,pulverizing(lithotripsy is the surgical crushing of a renal calculus or stone. •-algia,-dynia=pian(vulvodynia:a chronic pain condition affecting a woman's external genitalia. •-cele:hernia(omphalocele is an abdominal wall defect in which the abdominal organs protrude through an opening at the base of the umbilical cord). •-ectasia,-ectasis: dilatation (Telangiectasia: the dilation of the superficial blood vessels). •Angioedema involves the precipitous swelling of the tissue under the skin, usually due to an allergic reaction. •-emesis: vomiting. •-emia: condition of the blood. •-ia,-iasis: condition (Hysteria: a mental disorder attributed to women in the nineteenth century). •-ith:stone or calculus:(Fecalith: a hard mass consisting of feces). •-malacia:soft, softening. •-mania: excessive preoccupation (pyromania: a compulsion to set things on fire). •-oid: resembling (mucoid means similar to mucus). •Lymphoma:a group of blood cancers originating from lymphatic system). •-osis=condition (usually an abnormal condition, occasionally refers to an increase). •psychosis: a group of disorders affecting the mind. •claustrophobia: fear of being in an enclosed space or area. •-ptosis=prolapse (sagging) (Drooping eyelids is ptosis). •Amenorrhea: the absence of menstrual flow. •enterorrhexis: rupture of the bowels •-spasm=cramp, twitching. •-stasis=stopping, controling

•-rrhage/-rrhagia=bleeding, bursting forth, abnormal or excessive flow. •-rrhaphy=surgical suturing to close a wound. •-rrhea=flow or discharge. •-rrhexis=rupture.

Suffixes: •Comprise a fundamental part of medical terms. •Every medical term must have a suffix. •Can modify or alter the meaning or function of a word root. •Can either make the term a noun or an adjective. •Often used to refer to a specialty, disease, condition or a procedure. •Will always follow a hyphen (-suffix). •Two or more suffixes can have the same meaning.

كده ال prefix

•Mono-,uni-=one. •bi-,di-=two. •diplo-=double.(Diplopia means double vision or the perception of two images of a single object.) •tri-=three. •quad-,quadri-,tetra=four. •milli-=one-thousandth. •hemi-,semi=half, partly (Hemiparesis refers to weakness of one entire side of the body). •hypo-=under,less than. •multi-,poly-=many. •nulli-=none(nulliparous: A woman who hasn't given birth). •pan-=all. •primi-=first. •super-,ultra=excessive, above, superior. •hyper-=excessive,more,than normal. •ab-=away from. •ad-=toward. •periorbital edema is swelling around the eyes. •conra-=contralateral الجانب المقابل. •dia-=through. •ecto-,ex-,exo-,extra-=outside, without,away from(ectoderm: the outermost primary germ layer of the embryo). •en-,end-,endo-=inside. •epi-=above,on. hypo-,infr-,sub-=beneath, under. •inter-=between. •intra-=within. •ipsi-=same. •meso-,mid-=middle(mesoderm: The middle tissue layer during embryonic development). •para-=near, beside,or abnormal. •retro-=behind,backward (retrograde:means going back in position or time). •super-,supra-=above,beyond. •sym-,syn-=joined, together (symbiosis: the relationship between two dissimilar organisms). •trans-=across (transference:occurs when one's feeling are unconsciously redirected to another). •anti-,contra=against(contraception: refers to methods or devices that prevent pregnancy. •dys-=bad, difficult. eu-=good, normal. •mal:bad. •pro-=favoring, supporting (probiotics are live microorganisms that are believed to be beneficial to one's health. •ante-,pre-,pro-=before (antemortem means before death),(premature births refer to neonates being born before 37 weeks of gestation). •megaloblasts: abnormally large red blood cells. •megakaryocytes: large blood cells in the bone marrow. •a-,an-=no,not, without(Apathy:lack of or absence of emotion) •analgesia: absence of sensibility to pain. •in-:not or inside (in): indifferent: having no interest. •intubate:means putting a tube inside an airway.

Prefix: •Typically helps to further define a word root and make a medical term more specific. •Alter the term meaning or form a new word •A prefix is a word part that comes before the root or{{{{ combining form}}}} and usually begins the term. •A few prefixes have more than one related meaning. •A few prefixes have more than one related meaning. •Commonly indicate location, position, direction, color, size, time, number, orientation. or exclusion. •Will always precede a hyphen (prefix-).

ده ال root

Root: •bi/o=life. •cephal/o=head. •cerebr/o;encephal/o=brain. •cervic/o=neck. •lip/o=fat. •angi/o;vascul/o;vas/o=vessel. •ven/o;phleb/o=vein. •aden/o=gland. •myel/o=spinal cord;bone marrow. •ophthalmo/o;ocul/o=Eye. •ot/o=Ear. •cil/o;pil/o=Hair. •onych/o;ungu/o=Nail. •rhin/o=Nose. •pharyng/o=pharynx; Throat. •laryng/o=larynx; voice box. •tracheo/o=Trachea; Windpipe. •col/o=colon;large intestine. •enter/o=small intestine. •gloss/o;lingu/o=Tongue. •or/o;stomat/o=Mouth. •cyst/o=bladder. •orchid/o;test/o=Testicle;testis. •vas/o=Vas deferens. •colp/o=vagina. •gynec/o=female. •mast/o; mamm/o=Breast. •oophor/o = ovary.مبيض •sapling/o=Fallopian/uterine Tube. •hyster/o=uterus.

Word roots of some words: •scleroderma:(derma) •electrocardiogram:(Electr,cardi)

Word roots/stems: •Comprise the fundamental part of ((all)) medical terms •All medical terms must have at least once word root. •It usually, but not always, indicates a body part. •will be followed by a forward slash (root/).

الترمونولجي: . etiology: cause of the disease. . idiopathic disease: disease with unknown cause. .latrogenic disease:disease caused by human intervention. . symptoms of disease: subjective findings( patient's history). .signs of disease: objective findings (patient's physical exam). . syndrome:common cause of different signs, symptoms. . remission: period when symptoms of disease abates. . functional disorder: no physical changes to explain symptoms. . incubation: latent period of the disease (before develop signs, symptoms). •Medical terminology is a language in itself. •Derived from Latin or Greek •Used to describe diseases, diagnosis, investigations, procedures, signs and symptoms, anatomy and physiology

اللهم استودعك ما أتعلمه، فردّه إليّ عند حاجتي إليه، ولا تنسينه يا رب العالمين. ربّ اشرح لي صدري، ويسر لي أمري، واحلل عقدةً من لساني، يفقهوا قولي. اللهم أخرجنا من ظلمات الوهم، وأكرمنا اللهم بنور الفهم، وافتح علينا بمعرفة العلم، وحسن أخلاقنا بالحلم. وسهل لنا أبواب فضلك، وانشر علينـا مـن خـزائن رحمتـك، يا أرحم الراحمين.♥️✨

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