UPSC Science and Technology
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This channel is created to provide all current affairs related to science and tech at one place. Admin - @Yogesh1908
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Tarmoq:📈 Telegram kanali UPSC Science and Technology analitikasi
UPSC Science and Technology (@science_and_tech_upsc) Ingliz til segmentidagi kanali faol ishtirokchi. Hozirda hamjamiyat 42 585 obunachidan iborat bo'lib, Taʼlim toifasida 4 301-o'rinni va Hindiston mintaqasida 9 081-o'rinni egallagan.
📊 Auditoriya ko‘rsatkichlari va dinamika
невідомо sanasidan buyon loyiha tez o‘sib, 42 585 obunachiga ega bo‘ldi.
17 Iyul, 2026 dagi oxirgi ma’lumotlarga ko‘ra kanal barqaror faollikka ega. Oxirgi 30 kunda obunachilar soni -638 ga, so‘nggi 24 soatda esa -25 ga o‘zgardi va umumiy qamrov yuqori darajada qolmoqda.
- Tasdiqlash holati: Tasdiqlanmagan
- Jalb etish (ER): Auditoriya o‘rtacha 2.81% darajada jalb etiladi. Nashrdan keyingi dastlabki 24 soatda kontent odatda umumiy obunachilar sonining 0.92% ini tashkil etuvchi reaksiyalarni to‘playdi.
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📝 Tavsif va kontent siyosati
Muallif resursni shaxsiy fikrni ifoda etish maydoni sifatida ta’riflaydi:
“This channel is created to provide all current affairs related to science and tech at one place.
Admin - @Yogesh1908”
Yuqori yangilanish chastotasi (oxirgi ma’lumot 18 Iyul, 2026 da olingan) sababli kanal doimo dolzarb va katta qamrovli bo‘lib qoladi. Analitika auditoriya kontent bilan faol hamkorlik qilishini, uni Taʼlim toifasidagi muhim ta’sir nuqtasiga aylantirishini ko‘rsatadi.
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| 12 | Subbarow’s team later refined it into Amethopterin, now known as methotrexate. It became a gold standard treatment for leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Then rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn’s disease. The World Health Organization lists it as an essential medicine. Tens of millions of people use it every year.
In 1948, his lab produced Aureomycin. The first tetracycline antibiotic - a broad-spectrum one that killed typhus, cholera, pneumonia, and many bacteria that penicillin could not touch. It opened the door to the whole tetracycline family: doxycycline, minocycline, and drugs still used today against plague, malaria, anthrax, and drug-resistant infections.
He was 53 years old. He had created medicines that would save tens of millions of lives. August 8, 1948. Yellapragada Subbarow suffered a heart attack at his home in New York and died. No American newspaper gave him a front-page obituary. No university held a memorial. The Nobel Committee never honoured him. His own colleague George Hitchings later won a 1988 Nobel Prize for work built directly on Subbarow’s foundation. Subbarow was not even nominated.
In 1950, Argosy magazine published a feature about him titled “Miracle Man of the Miracle Drugs.” It began with a line that still hits hard. “You’ve probably never heard of Dr. Yellapragada Subbarow. Yet because he lived, you may be alive and are well today. Because he lived, you may live longer.”
Most Americans had not heard of him in 1950. Most still have not. Harvard has never officially honoured him. American medical schools mostly do not teach his name. The Nobel Committee that honoured Hitchings for work built on his foundation never corrected the record. Every methotrexate prescription written today remains silent about the man behind it.
India remembers. The government issued a postage stamp for his 100th birthday. His childhood home became a museum. Indian medical schools teach his name. But the country that denied him tenure, refused to let him bowl, and allowed him to die unknown - the same country that uses his drugs every day - still mostly does not know him.
Here is the truth. If someone you know has ever taken methotrexate for cancer or an autoimmune disease. If someone you love has taken folic acid during pregnancy. If you have ever been prescribed doxycycline for an infection. That was him. Yellapragada Subbarow. Born 1895. Died 1948. Saved tens of millions of lives, while a country he loved barely knows what it owes him. | 629 |
| 13 | An Indian scientist at Harvard discovered ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Then he helped create the first chemotherapy drug and the first tetracycline antibiotic. Harvard still refused him tenure. A bowling alley would not let him bowl. He died at 53, without an obituary.
His medicines save tens of millions of lives every year. Most American doctors who prescribe them have no idea what his name was. His name was Yellapragada Subbarow (Subba Rao).
He was born in 1895 in Bhimavaram, India. His father was a Sanskrit scholar who died from tropical sprue. Tropical sprue is an acquired malabsorptive disorder found in tropical regions, characterized by chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and severe nutritional deficiencies. It is most commonly associated with deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folic acid, resulting in anemia, fatigue, and glossitis. The same disease killed two of his brothers. As a child, Subbarow watched them fade away and decided he would spend his life fighting disease.
He failed his school exams twice. Passed on the third attempt. His future father-in-law paid for his medical school books. Subbarow married his daughter and repaid the debt. In October 1922, he arrived in Boston with borrowed money and broken English. He was 27. He entered Harvard Medical School and joined the biochemistry PhD program.
He began working under a senior researcher named Cyrus Fiske. Long hours. Little pay. But he was at Harvard, and he did not care. In 1925, they developed the Fiske-SubbaRow assay, a method for measuring phosphorus in body fluids. It is still used today in kidney failure testing, vitamin D testing, and prostate cancer work. It became one of the most cited methods in biochemistry history.
Then they found something even bigger in 1926 - ATP - Adenosine triphosphate. The energy molecule that powers every cell in every living thing on Earth. That discovery changed biochemistry. It also proved that the 1922 Nobel laureate had been wrong about how muscles worked. Muscles did not run on glycogen. They ran on ATP.
Subbarow earned his PhD in 1930. He stayed at Harvard for another decade. Paper after paper. Discovery after discovery. And every year, Harvard refused to promote him. The biochemistry department had never given tenure to a foreigner. They were not going to begin with an Indian.
His colleagues took him fishing. Played tennis with him. Came to dinner at his home. Then voted against him year after year. Outside the laboratory, he met the same wall. He bought an airplane and learned to fly because he loved flying. Once, he tried to go bowling. The local alley refused him entry. The sign said it was “open only to the Caucasian race.”
Then Fiske turned against him. The senior researcher began blocking Subbarow’s discoveries out of jealousy. Some of Subbarow’s work had to be rediscovered years later by other scientists because Fiske kept his findings hidden.
May 1940. Harvard denied him tenure for the last time. After 17 years of groundbreaking work, he walked away. Lederle Laboratories in New York hired him as Associate Director of Research. By the end of the year, he was Director. In the next eight years, he changed medicine. He developed diethylcarbamazine, an oral medicine that killed the tropical worms crippling American soldiers in the Pacific. The World Health Organization still uses it.
He isolated folic acid from liver and worked out how to produce it on a large scale. Today, folic acid in pregnancy prevents birth defects in tens of millions of pregnancies every year. The same family of diseases that killed his father and brothers became preventable because of him.
Then Dr. Sidney Farber called from Boston with an idea: maybe a drug that blocked folic acid in cancer cells could kill childhood leukemia. Subbarow’s team created the drug. They called it Aminopterin. In December 1947, Farber gave it to an eight-year-old boy dying from leukemia. Within weeks, the cancer cells began to disappear.
It was the first chemotherapy drug in history. The first time anyone had put cancer into remission using a pill. | 529 |
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| 15 |  The absolute chronological absurdity of a quantum sequence:
1916: Einstein publishes General Relativity, laying the absolute infancy of black hole theory.
1920: A dying Ramanujan writes down 17 cryptic functions w/o proof on a mat in Tamil Nadu.
1970s: Hawking formalizes black hole thermodynamics.
2000s: Modern string theorists realize they cannot solve quantum black hole equations without a new mathematical tool.
2002 - Present: Physicists look back & find that the exact tool they need was sitting in a letter written by a bedridden Indian clerk 100 yrs prior. | 893 |
| 16 |  who donated the liver to these young souls?
Mother ✅
Father came forward but he was not fit for donation due to other medical things
Mama(brother in law) donated his 20% of liver ✅
(Liver is a regenerating organ)
Both the kids will live normal life ♥️
This is very rare twin liver transplant. | 844 |
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| 18 | This is the story of how India’s Tsunami Warning Centre became 1 of the most accurate in the world.
When the massive 9.1 magnitude Sumatra-Andaman earthquake struck on 26th Dec, 2004, India & the rest of the Indian Ocean rim had zero specialized situational awareness.
Tsunamis travel at the speed of a jet airliner (up to 800 kmph) in deep water. From the moment an undersea mega thrust earthquake occurs, scientists have an incredibly narrow window, often < 15-30 mins to determine if a deadly wave has been generated & issue targeted evacuations.
The old approach was reactive & prone to massive error: look at seismic data, see a big quake & panic-issue a blanket warning. This causes massive false alarms, costing millions of dollars in unnecessary evacuations & creating cry wolf syndrome.
To solve this, the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) in Hyderabad built a system that relies on a continuous, real-time inversion mathematical framework.
We cannot wait for a tsunami wave to hit a coastal gauge to warn people; we have to predict its arrival time & wave height while it is still in the deep ocean.
To do this, INCOIS deployed a network of Deep Ocean Assessment & Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) bottom pressure recorders. But a few sensors scattered across millions of square KMs of ocean provide very sparse data points. How do we map an invisible, shifting wave across the entire Bay of Bengal using only a handful of sensors?
They used Numerical Hydrodynamic Modeling paired with a massive, pre-computed Scenario Database Inversion. Scientists solved the non-linear shallow water eqns which govern fluid dynamics across varied ocean depths, millions of times over to create a vast database of 800+ pre-computed tsunami scenarios based on different fault locations, dip angles & slip magnitudes.
When an earthquake occurs, seismic sensors instantly estimate the initial location & magnitude. This isolates a subset of possible scenarios from the database (the Priors). As the deep-ocean bottom pressure sensors detect the actual sea-level change (even if it is just a few CMs in deep water), that real-time streaming data is fed into an Inversion Algo. The algo mathematically matches the real-time wave signature against the pre-computed database profiles using a least-squares optimization framework.
d = Gm, Where (d) is the real-time sensor data, (m) is the true, hidden source mechanism of the wave & (G) is the green's function matrix representing ocean bathymetry.
The computer solves this matrix inversion in secs to instantly pinpoint the exact scenario that matches reality. Because of this exact mathematical optimization framework, India’s Tsunami Warning Centre became one of the most accurate in the world.
During subsequent major undersea earthquakes in the Indian Ocean (such as those in 2012 & 2016), the system successfully calculated within a few mins that no destructive tsunamis were headed for the Indian coast, preventing massive regional panic & false evacuations.
This is a peer-reviewed operational research where sparse real-time data is inverted using fluid physics & matrix algebra to solve an invisible, high stakes threat in realtime.
No folklore, no hyperbole...just pure, verifiable data engineering. | 716 |
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| 20 | The absolute chronological absurdity of a quantum sequence:
1916: Einstein publishes General Relativity, laying the absolute infancy of black hole theory.
1920: A dying Ramanujan writes down 17 cryptic functions w/o proof on a mat in Tamil Nadu.
1970s: Hawking formalizes black hole thermodynamics.
2000s: Modern string theorists realize they cannot solve quantum black hole equations without a new mathematical tool.
2002 - Present: Physicists look back & find that the exact tool they need was sitting in a letter written by a bedridden Indian clerk 100 yrs prior. | 1 004 |
