Surgical notes

🌕Symptoms of ovarian cancer: - Abdominal Distention - Bloating - Abdominal and pelvic pain [ ovarian torsion] - Acitis - Abdominal masses - bowel habits disturbance - Hormonal Imbalance #باثو #Ovarian_tumors #الدكتورة_منية

🔥Subdivision of Epithelial ovarian cancer : ☄ Serrous: Arises of Epithelial cells : Single ( fluid-filled cyst) Either : ✨ benign : Serrous Cystadenoma ( most common - effects premanpusal- 🥂bilateral) ✨Malignant: serrous Cystadenocarcinoma ( inflamed and swallowen lining + postmenopausal women ) ❗️Psammoma bodies ( plaques with calcium and cellular debris) Or Borderline ☄ musinous : Arises from epithelial cells ( mucus filled cyst) >> large - multioculated ✨ benign: musinous Cystadenoma (🍸unilterall ) ✨Malignant: musinous Cystadenocarcinoma ( Like serrous ) = ^ ❗️Pseudomyxoma peritioni ( musinous material to the pertonial cavity ) Or Borderline ☄ Endometriod : Ectopic endometrium-like cells ✨Benign : cyst filled with dark blood ( Chocolate Cyst 🍫) ✨ Malignant: spread to fallopian tube and pertonial cavity ☄ Brenner ( transitional tumor ):- Transitional epithelial in the surface like those of bladder ☄ Clear-cell ovarian carcinoma :- rarely appears bilaterally. The cells usually contain glycogen with large clear cytoplasm. It is also associated with endometriosis. #باثو #Ovarian_tumors #الدكتورة_منية

🥀 Surface Epithelial tumors of Ovary :- 🔥The surface of the ovaries is covered with membrane consisting of a lining of simple cuboidal-to-columnar shaped mesothelium. The outermost layer is called the germinal epithelium. 💥It's either benign/ malignant/ borderline ( see the pictures 👇🏻) NOTE: malignant Tumors characterized by esionphilia بتلاقوا الشريحة حمراء #باثو #Ovarian_tumors #الدكتورة_منية

🥀 Sex Cord - stromal ovarian cancer : 🔥It is the tumor that develops from ovarian follicular cells ( sex cord ) or Connective tissue cells ( stromal ) 🔥Each ovary contains multiple of follicles ? 💥Follicles is Oocyte surrounded by two types of cells? 1- granulosa cells 2- Thica cells Which both support follicular development ! 🔥 LH stimulates (Granulosa cell ) to secrete ( Androgens ) 🔥 FSH stimulates ( Thica cells) to convert Androgens to ( Estradiol) by the enzyme Aromatase نرجع الان ايش ال Types : 🍂 1- Granulosa thica cell tumor : ( malignant- middle aged women ) >> Estradiol ( estrogen) overproduction : a) Uterine Bleeding b) Breast tenderness c) early puberty in Young 🍂 Fibroma / Thecoma : 😌Fibroma:- benign , asymptomatic Grossly , ovary fibromas are firm and white or tan. Variants with edema are especially likely to be associated with Meigs' syndrome. Microscopically , there are intersecting bundles of spindle cells producing collagen. 😌Thecoma : benign, estrogen production , in older age women. Grossly, the tumour is solid and yellow. Microscopically, the tumour cells have abundant lipid-filled cytoplasm. 🍂 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors : Production of Androgens ( male hormones) >> developing male physical characters ( hirsutism , deep voice ) #باثو #Ovarian_tumors #الدكتورة_منية

🥀Germ cell ovarian Tumor : 🍂Teratoma :- ( Monster Tumor ) You can find all different type of tissue : hair ,bone, teath ..from all germinal layers ( Dermoid Cyst) 👀 Mature Teratoma: E.x : Struma Ovarri : It is defined by the presence of thyroid tissue >> Hyperthyroidism 🍂 Yolk sac Tumor : ( Most common in children) agressive Germ cell >> Differentiate into Yolk sac tissue Presence of ring of cells aroung central Blood vessels > called schiller - duval bodies . Alpha feto protein ^^ high ( increased) 🍂 Choriocarcioma : Germ cell >>syncytiotrophoblast cells which forms Placenta Secrete( B-HCG ) which helps ovarian cysts to be formed 🍂 Dysgerminoma: Germ cell >> Oocyte which is the normal but it turns to grow Uncontrollably ( 😳Most common malignant type of Ovarian Tumors ) 🍂 Embryonal carcinoma :-  characterized by primitive epithelial cells with marked pleomorphism and various histologic patterns. It may present in pure form but often is part of a mixed germ cell tumor. #باثو #Ovarian_tumors #الدكتورة_منية

#باثو #Ovarian_tumors #الدكتورة_منية

#باثو #Ovarian_tumors #الدكتورة_منية

الكتاب الذي بتشرح منه دكتورة منية 👆🏻

احد مواضيع بحث الفيروسات Sindbis viruse

#فارما

فيديو شرح ال Virus introduction للمبدع د/ إبراهيم سعيد . الشرح جميل جدااا وتسلسل للمعلومات رائع .. شوفوه بيفيدكم كثير ^^ #فيروسات

te obstruction of artery Thrombosis >embolism formation > infraction يمكن يحصل aneurysm > rupture < internal bleeding وبعدين عرض الدكتور الشرائح مها الحيدري

اللي لخصته اليوم بعمل الباثو : قال الدكتور بأي system ضروري ناخذ الbasic حقه اي system يحتوي على أربعة أنواع من الأمراض: 1_congenital anomalies(تشوهات ) 2_inflammation (immune or infectious ) 3_specific disease 4_Tumer وفي الجراحة نضيف trauma لماذا يعتبر vascular system اهم system ؟؟ لان 50% من الوفيات سببها complications of atherosclerosis *basic anatomy : Aorta>large artery >medium artery >small artery > arteriol > capillary small vein >medium vein >large vein *histology : Blood vessels consist from three layer : 1_intima (endothelium , subendothelium ) integrity of intima is important for integrity of Blood vessels 2_media (smooth muscle ) 3_adventitia (nerve , blood vessel) اللي يحدد size of artery هو thickness of media حتى تختفي media , adventitia في capillary *physiology: Normal function of vascular system is transporting of Blood (nutrient, oxygen and removal of Waste products ) لايغادر blood من vessel ولكن يحصل له filtration Diseases: "Congenital anomalies " 1_Arterioveinus (AV malformation ):تتكون كتلة interconnected mixed.... المريض ليس له أعراض ،،،،، يكتشفوا في lung حاجه بيضاء وهي ليست tumer 2_ AV shunt or fistula :direct connection between artery and vein وهذه قد تكون congenital أو تكون acquired بسبب trauma وقد تكون therapeutic لغرض علاجي مثل hemodialysis 3_ perianeurysm; abnormal dilatation of Blood vessels وهذا يصيب cycle of Willis ممكن يحصل له accidental rupture >sudden haemorrhage

ما هو المضاد الحيوي المناسب لكل نوع من البكتيريا ؟ هذا الجدول الفخم يوضح لكل الاجابة .