FRESHMAN TUTORIAL

ETHIO EXAMS

ETHIO EXAMS

Geography is the scientific study of the Earth that describes and analyses spatial and temporal variations of physical, biological and human phenomena, and their interrelationships and dynamism over the surface of the Earth. Geography ስንል በዋነኝነት ሰለ ምድር እና በውስጧ ስለሚከናወኑ ነገሮች ነው። Geography is a holistic and interdisciplinary field of study contributing to the understanding of the changing spatial structures from the past to the future. Thus, the scope of Geography is the surface of the Earth . Geography has five basic themes. Geography በዋነኝነት 5 መገለጫዎች አሉት። 1. Location:- is defined as a particular place or position. Location can be of two types: absolute location and relative location. Location የምንለው የአንድ ቦታ ልዩ መገኛ ነው። 2. Place:- refers to the physical and human aspects of a location. This theme of geography is associated with toponym (the name of a place), site (the description of the features of the place), and situation (the environmental conditions of the place). Each place in the world has its unique characteristics expressed in terms of landforms, hydrology, biogeography, pedology, characteristics and size of its human population, and the distinct human cultures. Place የምንለው የአንድ መገኛ ቦታን ሰዋዊ እና አካላዊ መገለጫ ሲሆን በስም፣ በአከባቢው ሁኔታ፣ መልካምድራዊ መገለጫውን ጨምሮ ሌሎችም የሚያካትት ነው። 3. Human-Environment Interaction:- Humans have always been on ceaseless interaction with their natural environment. Humans have adapted to the environment in ways that have allowed them to dominate all other species on Earth. Thus, human-environment interaction involves three distinct aspects: dependency, adaptation, and modification. Dependency:- refers to the ways in which humans are dependent on nature for a living. Adaptation:- relates to how humans modify themselves, their lifestyles and their behavior to live in a new environment with new challenges. Modification:- allowed humans to “conquer” the world for their comfortable living. Human-Environmental interaction ስንል ደግሞ በሠው ልጅ እና በአከባቢው የሚፈጠር መስተጋብር ነው። ይህም በ የሠው ልጅ በአከባቢው ላይ የሚኖረው ጥገኝነት፣ አከባቢውን እንዲመቸው መለወጥ እና ራሱን አከባቢውን እስኪለምድ መለወጥን ያካትታል። 4. Movement:- entails to the translocation of human beings, their goods, and their ideas from one end of the planet or place to another. Movement የምንለው የሰውልጅን፣ እቃዎችን እንዲሁም የሀሳቦችን በመላው አለም ላይ የሚኖራቸውን እንቅስቃሴ ነው። 5. Region:- is a geographic area having distinctive characteristics that distinguishes itself from adjacent unit(s) of space. It could be a formal region that is characterized by homogeneity in terms of a certain phenomenon (soil, temperature, rainfall, or other cultural elements like language, religion, and economy). Region ስንል ደግሞ እንድን ቦታ ከሌላ ቦታ በሚለዩ የራሱ የሆነ ባህሪያት ያሉት አከባቢ ነው። Winners don't do different things, they do things differently!😊😊 Be with us!🙌 Join and share!😊😊 @freshman_tutorial @freshman_tutorial Let's work together!😊😊

TUTORIAL COLLEGE Term one psychology exam @freshman_tutorial |/ CHOICE THE CORRECT ANSWER @freshman_tutorial 1/ Which one study about to all the internal and covert activities of our mind? A/ Behavior B/ psychology C/ science D/ mental process 2/ School of thought is a system of thinking about a certain issue such that mind. A/ True B/ False 3/ Among the ff which one is study about of the whole mind? A/ structuralism B/Gestalt psychology C/Behaviorism D/ Functionalism 4/ The schools of thought basically differ in terms of A/ object & goal B/ method & object C/ goal & mind D/ A&B 5/ Which one is example of Forensic psychology? A/ Teaching B/ police C/ prevention D/ diagnosis 6/ which one is helps individuals with less severe problems than those treated by clinical psychologists A/ Counseling Psychology B/ clinical psychology C/ Health psychology D/ Personality psychology 7/ which one of the ff the founder of psychology in laboratory? A/ Wilhelm Wundt B/ William cork C/ Oliver Sacks D/ James 8/ Psychodynamists is think of themselves as archaeologists of the mind A/ false B/ true 9/ -------is the minimum point of intensity a sound can be detected. A/Sensory threshold B/sensory adaption C/ absolute threshold D/ difference threshold 10/ Absolute threshold is also affected by intensity of the stimulus other than factors. @freshman_tutorial A/True B/ False 11/ ------ are closely tied to what is happening in the sensory systems themselves. A/ perception B/ Sensations C/ adaption D/ sensory law 12/ The starting of point of sensations is a -------. @freshman_tutorial A/ brain B/ receptor C/ stimulus D/ B&C 13/The minimum amount of change that can be detected is called A/absolute threshold B/ sensory adaption C/ adaptive @freshman_tutorial D/difference threshold 14/ Among the ff which one is a research method that measures the relationship between two or more variables. @freshman_tutorial A/ Expiremental research B/ Survey research C/ Correlational research D/ none of the above 15/ What's by means Cognitive Perspective? @freshman_tutorial A/ it emphasizes what goes on in people's heads B/how people reason C/ remember & understand D/ all 16/ Sensation is the process that detects the stimulus from one‘s body. A/ false @freshman_tutorial B/ true 17/---- refers to the idea that you may be ready and Primed for certain kinds of sensory input. A/ Set B/ motives C/ expectancy D/ needs E/ A&C F/ B&D 18/ which one is the psychological factors influencing among the ff? A/ motives B/ expectancy C/ needs D/all of the above 19/ . Contours are formed whenever a marked similar occurs in the brightness or color of the background. A/ true B/ false 20/ Neither the circle nor the dots by themselves from a symmetrical pattern. A/ true B/ false || Diffen each question 21/What is pictorial cues means? 22/what is brightness constancy means? 23/How many type of Psychologists research method what and what? 24/Depth perception depends on the? 25/what is Visual illusions means? SET BY Million @freshman_tutorial 9/10/2013

Psychology Mid Exam [@freshman_tutorial] @freshman_tutorial Read the following statements Carefully and Write True or False. 1. Sensory Adaptation lets you detect potentially important change in your environment while ignoring unchanging aspects of it. @freshman_tutorial 2. A reinforcement is a stimulus that weakens the response or makes it less likely to occur. @freshman_tutorial 3. The decay Theory holds that the Trace simply fades away with nothing left behid, due to passage of time. @freshman_tutorial 4. Over learn is one of the ways to improve memory. 5. Retrieval occurs when information is brought to mind from storage. Choose the best Answer @freshman_tutorial 6. Which of the following is not organizing principle of Perception? A. Proximity B. Continuation C. Law of Closure D. Convergence @freshman_tutorial 7. Which of the following is correct about Retinal disparity? A. It is the degree of difference between the image of an object that are focused on thee single retina. B. It's one of the monocular cues C. The Closer the Object, the greater is the retinal disparity D. It is two dimensional perception @freshman_tutorial 8. From the following, One is Not Correct About Learning? A. Learning is responsive to incentives B. Learning is Pervasive C. Learning is Multifaceted D. Learning is a Passive Process @freshman_tutorial 9. A Stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned is called: A. Conditioned Stimulus B. Unconditioned Stimulus C. Neutral Stimulus D. Unconditioned Response @freshman_tutorial 10._is the reemergence of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest and with no further conditioning. A. Stimulus generalization B. Extinction C. Spontaneous recovery D. Stimulus Discrimination @freshman_tutorial 11. If someone nags you all the time to stud, but stops nagging when you comply, your studying is likely to increase-because you will then avoid nagging. This implies A. Negative punishment B. Negative reinforcement C. Positive punishment D. Postive reinforcement 12. Which schedule of reinforcement is often used by Employers to increase productivity? A. Variable ratio schedule B. Fixed interval schedule C. Fixed ratio schedule D. Variable interval schedule 13. Short term memory is A. Active B. Rapid accessibility C. Limited capacity D. All Except B @freshman_tutorial 14. Which of the following responses is not learned through operant conditioning? A. Shelly gets $50 after getting a 90 percent in her math class. B. A pigeon learns to peck a disc to get food pellets. C. A dog learns to turn in circles for a reward. D. A baby takes his fi rst steps. E. A horse jumps over a fence to avoid an electric shock @freshman_tutorial 15. Which of the following statements best explains one major difference between short-term memory and long-term memory? A. Long-term memory is unlimited in capacity while short-term memory is not. B. Long-term memory holds only episodic memories while short-term memory does not. C. Long-term memory varies a great deal from one person to another, while short-term memory does not. D. In terms of processing, long-term memory comes directly after sensory memory while short-term memory does not. E. Long-term memory depends on neural connections in the limbic system while short-term memory does not. @freshman_tutorial Give the Correct Answer for the following @freshman_tutorial 16. Write the factors that are important that are important for the effectiveness of Punishment @freshman_tutorial 17. What are four conditions that are necessary before an individual can successfully model the behavior of someone else according to Bandura 18. What is a Serial Position effect @freshman_tutorial 19. According to George Miller the stimated capacity of Short Term Memory is to be the magic number____ @freshman_tutorial 20. Suppose a oneyear old child is playing with a toy near an electrical outlet. He sticks part of the toy into the outlet. He gets shocked, becomes frightened, and begins to cry. For several days after that experience, he

የሞባይል ካርድ በመግዛት ብዙ ገንዘብ ያወጣሉ ወይም የወርሃዊ ያልተገደበ ኢንተርኔት ጥቅል ተጠቃሚ ኖት?እንግዲያውስ HahuPayን ተጠቅመው የሞባይል ካርድ በመግዛት ተጨማሪ ጥቅሞችን ያግኙ። HahuPay ምንድነው? HahuPay ቴሌግራም ላይ የሚገኝ Bot ሲሆን ካርድ በገዙ ቁጥር ተጨማሪ ሽልማት ያበረክትሎታል ይህ ሽልማት ‘HahuPay Point’  ይባላል። ✴️ በ 'HahuPay Point’ ምን ማድርግ እችላላሁ? ያገኙትን የ 'HahuPay Point’ ተጠቀመው የሞባይል ካርድ በነፃ መግዛት ይችላሉ። ብዙ ካርድ በገዙ ቁጥር ብዙ የ 'HahuPay Point’ ይበረከትሎታል ይህ ማለት በነፃ ተጨማሪ የሞባይል ካርዶችን ያገኛሉ ማለት ነው።

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ሜዳችን ላይ በሳቅ ይቦርቁ! 😁

ውድ ደንበኞቻችን ለፈጣን እና ምቹ ውርርድ የአንድሮይድ አፕሊኬሽን ማቅረባቸንን ስንገልፅ በደስታ ነው!አፕሊኬሽኑን በስልክዎ ላይ ለመጫን በድረገጻችን የፊት ገጽ ላይ የሚገኘውን የአንድሮይድ ምስል በመንካት ማውረድ ይችላሉ። በተጨማሪም ከዚህ መልእክት ስር የተቀመጠውን ሊንክ በመጠቀም አፕሊኬሽኑን ማግኘት ይችላሉ!!

📚CHAPTER 4 📖MEMORY AND FORGETTING ባለፈው ትምህርታችን ስለ Learning መማራችን ይታወሳል፣ አሁን ደግሞ ከእሱጋ ተያያዥነት ያለውን Memory🧠 and Forgetting🤦🏼‍♂ እናያለን። በዚህ ቻፕተር ስር የምናየው👇 📖Memory 📍Meaning and Processes of Memory 📍Stages/Structure of Memory 📍Factors Affecting Memory 📖Forgetting 📍Meaning and Concepts of Forgetting 📍Theories of Forgetting በዚህ ምዕራፍ ስር እንግዲህ የማስታወስ ችግር ያለባችሁ ምናምን ትፈወሳላችሁ😎😁 በደንብ አንብባችሁ ተግባራዊ ብታደርጉት በጣም ይጠቅሟቸዋል። 📔Meaning and Processes of Memory 📌Memory is the retention of information/what is learned earlier over time. It is the way in which we record the past for later use in the present. Memory ማለት እንደምታውቁት "ትውስታ" እንደማለት ነው። ትውስታ ማለትስ ምን ማለት ነው?😁 ከላይ ያለውን ደግማችሁ አንብቡት! አሁን ቀጥለን ስለ Memory Processኦች እና ስለ Memory Structure እናያለን። The processes of Memory 📌Are the mental activities we perform to put information into memory, to keep it there, and to make use of it later. አብዛኛውን ጊዜ ሳይኮሎጂስቶች የMemoryን Nature ከComputer🖥ጋር አያይዘው ያዩታል። ሶስቱ የMemory ሂደቶች፤ አንድ ነገር ለማስታወስ ነገሩ በሚከተሉት ሂደት ውስጥ ያልፋል። 1⃣Encoding: In encoding we transform a sensory input into a form or a memory code that can be further processed. ይሄ ከውጪ የመጣው Information ቀጥታ ወደ አይምሮ ሄዶ Useable በሆነ form የሚቀመጥበት ነው። 2⃣Storage: Is a location in memory system in which material is saved. Storage is the persistence of information in memory. ይሄ ደግሞ encode የተደረገው Information የሚቆይበት የአይምሮ ክፍል ነው። 3⃣Retrieval: This is the point at which the material in memory storage is located, brought into awareness and used. ይሄ Stored የሆነውን information አስታውሰን፣ የምንጠቀምበት የመጨረሻው ሂደት ነው። ስለዚህ በቀላሉ Memoryን እንዲህ👇 ማብራራት እንችላለን። "Memory is the process by which information is encoded (phase1), stored (phase 2) and later retrieved (phase 3)." Structure of Memory 📌Memory structure is the nature of memory storage itself- how information 🔖Is represented in memory 🔖How long it lasts 🔖How it is organized ያው እኛ በተለምዶ memoryን ወይም ማስታወስን ቀለል አድርገን እናዩዋለን እንጂ Memory structure ትንሽ ከበድ ይላል፣ እነዚህን ከላይ የተዘረዘሩ ሶስት ነገሮችን ያጠቃልላል። Like computer, we also store vast amounts of information in our memory storehouse. ከstorehouseኡ አውጥተን ነው እንግዲህ mental screen ላይ display የምናደርገው። ማለትም ነገሩን በ ህሊናችን እናውቀዋለን። በእንደዚህ👆 አይነት መልኩ ብዙ የmemory structure ሞዴሎች ተመስርቷል። One of the most important and influential of these is the one developed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968). According to Atkinson and Shiffrin, memory has three structures. 1) Sensory Memory 👉It is the entry way to memory. It is the first information storage area. እዚህጋ አንድ ያያቹት (Iconic memory) ነገር storage ውስጥ የሚቆየው ቢበዛ ለአንድ በሰከንድ🕧 ነው። የሰማችሁት ነገር (Echonic memory) ደግሞ ቢበዛ ለሁለት ሰከንድ storageኡ ውስጥ ይቆያል። ስለዚህ በSensory memory ውስጥ save ያደረግነው ነገር ብዙ አይቆይም ነገር ግን attention👀 ከሰጠነው ትንሽ ይቆያል [ማለትም ወደ 2ተኛው👇 memory/storage ይተላለፋል] 2) Short-term Memory: is part of our memory that holds the contents of our attention. 🔸STM is important in a variety of tasks such as thinking, reading, speaking, and problem solving. አያችሁ የዚህ Memory ጥቅሙ ከመጀመሪያው የተሻለ ነው። ለምሳሌ ስታስቡ፣ ስታነቡ፣ ስታወሩ ምናምን informationኡ Save የሚሆነው በዚህ Memory ውስጥ ነው። 🔸ይሄ memory ሌሎች የተለያዩ ስሞች አሉት። 📌Working memory 📌 Immediate memory 📌 Active memory 📌 Primary memory STM is distinguished by four characteristics 📍It is active- information remains in STM only so long as the person is consciously processing, examining, or manipulating it. ይሄ Active ነው ማለትም እንደ sensory memory ለአንድ ወይም ሁለት ሰከንድ ብቻ አይደለም የሚቆየው። 📍Rapid accessibility - Information in STM is readily available for use. በውስጣችሁ ያለውን information ቶሎ አውጥታችሁ መጠቀም ትችላላችሁ፤ ይሄ ከlong term memory የተሻለ ያደርገዋል። 📍Preserves the temporal sequence of information- mean that STM keeps the information fresh until it goes to further analysis and stored in LTM in meaningful way. ይሄኛው ባህሪ ደግሞ Store ያደረግነው information Fresh ሆኖ ይቀመጣል ይላል። 📍Limited capacity Short-term memory is a limited - capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information up to 30 seconds. አያቹአ ይሄ memory በጣም ያልተለማመድነው ወይም ብዙ ትኩረት ያልሰጠነው ነገር እስከ 30ሰከንድ በዚህ (STM) ውስጥ ሊቆይ ይችላል። Capacity: “The magic number” (George Miller)

Humans have the ability to retain 7 + -2 items of information (in adults). ይሄ George Miller የተባለው ሰውዬ አንድ ወጣት ሰው በውስጡ ከ5 እስከ 9 የሚጠጉ ነገሮችን የመያዝ አቅም አለው ይላል። People can group information in ways to expand their short-term memory capacity called “Chunking.” “Chunking” allows for easier encoding. እስኪ የሚከተለውን ምሳሌ እንመልከት 285566297488 ብዙ ጊዜ እንዲህ አይነት ቁጥር ሲሰጠን ለመያዝ እንዲቀለን በchunking ከፋፍለን ነው ምንይዘው ማለትም👇 285 566 297 488 ልክ እንደዚህ ማለት ነው😎 3. Long Term Memory It is a memory system used for the relatively permanent storage of meaningful information. እስኪ እስካሁን ከአይምሮአችሁ ያልጠፋውን ወደፊትም probably ሊጠፋ የማይችል ብላችሁ የምታስቡት ነገር አስቡ፣ አአአዎ👍 እሱ አሁን Stored የሆነው በLTM ውስጥ ነው። LTM stores information for indefinite periods. It may last for days, months, years, or even a lifetime. The LTM is assumed to be composed of different sub systems. Declarative/ explicit memory: the conscious recollection of information such as specific facts or events that can be verbally communicated. It is further subdivided into semantic and episodic memories. Semantic memory: factual knowledge like the meaning of words, concepts and our ability to do math. @ethio_exams2 Non-declarative/ implicit memory: One of the most important kinds of implicit memory is procedural memory. It is the "how to" knowledge of procedures or skills. ይሄን ከመጀመሪያው ለየት ሚያረገው፣ የመጀመሪያው (declarative) ለምሳሌ ስለ ፀጉር አቆራረጥ የተለያዩ መረጃ ስታገኝ እሱ declarative ስር ነው ሚመደበው፥ ነገር ግን "ፀጉሬን እንዴት ልቆረጥ" ካልን ከዚህኛው (implicit) memory ጋር ነው የሚያያዘው። Serial Position Effect 📌Occurs when you are introduced to a lot of people at a party and find you can recall the names of the first few people you met and the last, but almost no one in between. 📌That is, recall will be best for items at the beginning of the list (the primacy effect) and at the end of the list (the recency effect). ይሄኛው ከላይ እንዳነበባችሁት፣ ለምሳሌ👇 John Merry Kran Malin Dan ይሄኛው ዝርዝር ስታዩ አብዛኛውን ጊዜ ምታስታውሱት የመጀመሪያውንና የመጨረሻውን ስም ነው፣ ይሄ ነው serial position effect ሚባለው። @ethio_exams2 Factors Affecting Memory 📍Ability to retain 📍Good health 📍Age of the learner 📍Maturity 📍Sleep or rest, and so on. Forgetting ይህን በሚቀጥለው ጊዜ እናያለን። የግቢ ትምህርት እንዳይደራረብባችሁ መፅሐፋችሁን በደንብ ከስር ከስር አንብቡ! @ethio_exams2 ሰላም ሁኑልን🙏፣ እንወዳቿለን። @ethio_exams2 All Rights Reserved! ©@ethio_exams2 @ethio_exams2

📚CHAPTER 4 📖MEMORY AND FORGETTING ባለፈው ትምህርታችን ስለ Learning መማራችን ይታወሳል፣ አሁን ደግሞ ከእሱጋ ተያያዥነት ያለውን Memory🧠 and Forgetting🤦🏼‍♂ እናያለን። በዚህ ቻፕተር ስር የምናየው👇 📖Memory 📍Meaning and Processes of Memory 📍Stages/Structure of Memory 📍Factors Affecting Memory 📖Forgetting 📍Meaning and Concepts of Forgetting 📍Theories of Forgetting በዚህ ምዕራፍ ስር እንግዲህ የማስታወስ ችግር ያለባችሁ ምናምን ትፈወሳላችሁ😎😁 በደንብ አንብባችሁ ተግባራዊ ብታደርጉት በጣም ይጠቅሟቸዋል። 📔Meaning and Processes of Memory 📌Memory is the retention of information/what is learned earlier over time. It is the way in which we record the past for later use in the present. Memory ማለት እንደምታውቁት "ትውስታ" እንደማለት ነው። ትውስታ ማለትስ ምን ማለት ነው?😁 ከላይ ያለውን ደግማችሁ አንብቡት! አሁን ቀጥለን ስለ Memory Processኦች እና ስለ Memory Structure እናያለን። The processes of Memory 📌Are the mental activities we perform to put information into memory, to keep it there, and to make use of it later. አብዛኛውን ጊዜ ሳይኮሎጂስቶች የMemoryን Nature ከComputer🖥ጋር አያይዘው ያዩታል። ሶስቱ የMemory ሂደቶች፤ አንድ ነገር ለማስታወስ ነገሩ በሚከተሉት ሂደት ውስጥ ያልፋል። 1⃣Encoding: In encoding we transform a sensory input into a form or a memory code that can be further processed. ይሄ ከውጪ የመጣው Information ቀጥታ ወደ አይምሮ ሄዶ Useable በሆነ form የሚቀመጥበት ነው። 2⃣Storage: Is a location in memory system in which material is saved. Storage is the persistence of information in memory. ይሄ ደግሞ encode የተደረገው Information የሚቆይበት የአይምሮ ክፍል ነው። 3⃣Retrieval: This is the point at which the material in memory storage is located, brought into awareness and used. ይሄ Stored የሆነውን information አስታውሰን፣ የምንጠቀምበት የመጨረሻው ሂደት ነው። ስለዚህ በቀላሉ Memoryን እንዲህ👇 ማብራራት እንችላለን። "Memory is the process by which information is encoded (phase1), stored (phase 2) and later retrieved (phase 3)." Structure of Memory 📌Memory structure is the nature of memory storage itself- how information 🔖Is represented in memory 🔖How long it lasts 🔖How it is organized ያው እኛ በተለምዶ memoryን ወይም ማስታወስን ቀለል አድርገን እናዩዋለን እንጂ Memory structure ትንሽ ከበድ ይላል፣ እነዚህን ከላይ የተዘረዘሩ ሶስት ነገሮችን ያጠቃልላል። Like computer, we also store vast amounts of information in our memory storehouse. ከstorehouseኡ አውጥተን ነው እንግዲህ mental screen ላይ display የምናደርገው። ማለትም ነገሩን በ ህሊናችን እናውቀዋለን። በእንደዚህ👆 አይነት መልኩ ብዙ የmemory structure ሞዴሎች ተመስርቷል። One of the most important and influential of these is the one developed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968). According to Atkinson and Shiffrin, memory has three structures. 1) Sensory Memory 👉It is the entry way to memory. It is the first information storage area. እዚህጋ አንድ ያያቹት (Iconic memory) ነገር storage ውስጥ የሚቆየው ቢበዛ ለአንድ በሰከንድ🕧 ነው። የሰማችሁት ነገር (Echonic memory) ደግሞ ቢበዛ ለሁለት ሰከንድ storageኡ ውስጥ ይቆያል። ስለዚህ በSensory memory ውስጥ save ያደረግነው ነገር ብዙ አይቆይም ነገር ግን attention👀 ከሰጠነው ትንሽ ይቆያል [ማለትም ወደ 2ተኛው👇 memory/storage ይተላለፋል] 2) Short-term Memory: is part of our memory that holds the contents of our attention. 🔸STM is important in a variety of tasks such as thinking, reading, speaking, and problem solving. አያችሁ የዚህ Memory ጥቅሙ ከመጀመሪያው የተሻለ ነው። ለምሳሌ ስታስቡ፣ ስታነቡ፣ ስታወሩ ምናምን informationኡ Save የሚሆነው በዚህ Memory ውስጥ ነው። 🔸ይሄ memory ሌሎች የተለያዩ ስሞች አሉት። 📌Working memory 📌 Immediate memory 📌 Active memory 📌 Primary memory STM is distinguished by four characteristics 📍It is active- information remains in STM only so long as the person is consciously processing, examining, or manipulating it. ይሄ Active ነው ማለትም እንደ sensory memory ለአንድ ወይም ሁለት ሰከንድ ብቻ አይደለም የሚቆየው። 📍Rapid accessibility - Information in STM is readily available for use. በውስጣችሁ ያለውን information ቶሎ አውጥታችሁ መጠቀም ትችላላችሁ፤ ይሄ ከlong term memory የተሻለ ያደርገዋል። 📍Preserves the temporal sequence of information- mean that STM keeps the information fresh until it goes to further analysis and stored in LTM in meaningful way. ይሄኛው ባህሪ ደግሞ Store ያደረግነው information Fresh ሆኖ ይቀመጣል ይላል። 📍Limited capacity Short-term memory is a limited - capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information up to 30 seconds. አያቹአ ይሄ memory በጣም ያልተለማመድነው ወይም ብዙ ትኩረት ያልሰጠነው ነገር እስከ 30ሰከንድ በዚህ (STM) ውስጥ ሊቆይ ይችላል። Capacity: “The magic number” (George Miller)

Geography freshman mid exam from different University collection 🩸Share and join our channel 👇👇 @ethio_exams2 @ethio_exams2 👨‍👨‍👧‍👧👨‍👨‍👧‍👧Share and join our group 👇 @ethio_exams_discussion_group @ethio_exams_discussion_group

Geography mid exam from chapter 1-2 🩸Share and join our channel 👇👇 @ethio_exams2 @ethio_exams2 👨‍👨‍👧‍👧👨‍👨‍👧‍👧Share and join our group 👇 @ethio_exams_discussion_group @ethio_exams_discussion_group