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#PYQ #HISTORY ✅ A

✅ B The Kherwar movement (1874) was a powerful socio-religious and political reform movement among the Santhal tribal people of Bihar and Bengal. It is also called the Sapha Har movement, which translates to the "pure man" movement. This name highlights its central theme of spiritual and social purification. 1. The movement, led by Bhagirath Manjhi, emerged after the devastating suppression of the Santhal Rebellion of 1855–56. Believing their defeat was due to a loss of moral and spiritual purity, Bhagirath preached a return to the worship of one supreme God, often referred to as 'Thakur' or 'Thakurji'. This was a direct move to simplify their spiritual lives and reject a pantheon of smaller spirits and gods. 2. Emphasis on Internal Social Reform (Preached in the Movement) : Bhagirath Manjhi required his followers to: Abstain from alcohol , Stop eating meat , Abandon traditional animal sacrifices (which were central to their previous rituals) , Adopt a clean lifestyle and stricter moral code.

CDS2 2009

CDS1 2009 #PYQ #HISTORY - Muhammad Iqbal (popularly known as Allama Iqbal) was a prominent Urdu and Persian poet, philosopher, and politician. - He attended both the Second Round Table Conference (1931) and the Third Round Table Conference (1932) held in London. - During these conferences, he represented the Muslims of British India and voiced his perspectives on constitutional reforms and safeguarding minority rights. His political thought during this era significantly influenced the discourse around the future political structure of the subcontinent.