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AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) • A large system of ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean acting like a global conveyor belt. • Transfers warm, salty surface water northward and returns cold, dense deep water southward. • Regulates climate of Europe, North Atlantic and monsoon systems. How ocean currents work • Driven mainly by differences in: 1. Temperature (thermo) 2. Salinity (haline) • Hence called Thermohaline Circulation. • Cold + salty water —> denser —> sinks. • Warm water —> lighter —> remains near surface. Why AMOC is weakening • Rapid melting of Greenland/Arctic ice adds fresh water to North Atlantic. • Fresh water lowers salinity and density —> weakens sinking process. • This slows the conveyor-belt circulation. Prelims trap • AMOC is not a wind-driven current alone; density differences are crucial. • Global warming does not mean all regions warm uniformly - AMOC weakening may cool some regions like Europe.

NCERT CONQUEST Course link https://bukbeo.on-app.in/app/oc/774502/bukbeo?utm_source%3Dcopy-link%26utm_medium%3Dtutor-course-referral%26utm_campaign%3Dcourse-overview-app

Brahmayoni hills #BIHARspecial 👇👇

• Kalai-II HEP —> proposed 1,200 MW run-of-the-river project on the Lohit River, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River. • Lohit riverine habitat is important for the critically endangered White-bellied Heron. • White-bellied Heron is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 — highest legal protection category under the Act. • “Run-of-the-river” hydropower projects generally have limited water storage and depend mainly on natural river flow for electricity generation.

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UPSC CSE 2022 -->Located at Veraval in the western coast of Gujarat, the Somnath Temple is believed to be the first among the 12 jyotirlinga shrines of Shiva. The site, which was part of the erstwhile princely state of Junagadh, was also connected to Lord Krishna. -->The political history of the shrine is traced back to a thousand years when in 1026 CE, during the reign of the Chalukya king Bhima I it was attacked by Turkik ruler Mahmud of Ghazni. -->A description of the temple by Al-Biruni, an Arab traveller, was so glowing that it prompted a visit in 1024 by Mahmud of Ghazni. -->Then President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, did the Pran-Pratistha at the existing temple on 11 May 1951.