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Operation Jal Rahat--> Assam flood relief work #CA2026

Aruna Asaf Ali #HISTORY

Possible Essay Themes -Modernisation vs Westernisation -Changing Family Values in India -Respect for the Elderly: Measure of a Civilised Society -Youth, Social Media & Declining Empathy -Indian Culture in the Age of Globalisation Essay Points -English-speaking urban elite increasingly equates “modernity” with Western behaviour, often viewing traditional Indian values as outdated. -Ageism is becoming socially acceptable-mocking old age has entered stand-up comedy, social media and even everyday language. -Ridiculing elders has become a tool for social bonding and signalling upward mobility, reflecting a worrying cultural shift. -Generational conflict is not new-Shakespeare’s King Lear remains one of the strongest literary examples of neglect and humiliation of parents. -Indian literature also condemns disrespect towards elders-the Mahabharata and Premchand’s Betonwali Vidhwa portray the moral consequences of abandoning the elderly. -Youth is temporary, but old age is universal; therefore, empathy must replace arrogance. -A truly modern society combines scientific progress with compassion, dignity and respect, not merely Western lifestyles. -Cruelty should never become a cultural ideal-Indian civilisation upholds Ahimsa and Anrishamsya (non-cruelty) as enduring ethical values. Quote “The true test of civilisation is not how a society celebrates its youth, but how it treats its elderly.”

Rise of the ‘Forever War’ Era -Inter-State wars are resurging: According to PRIO (Norway), active inter-State conflicts rose from 2 (2023)—> 4 (2024)—> 8 (2025), the highest since 1946. Examples: Russia–Ukraine, Israel–Iran, India–Pakistan (2025). -Wars are becoming longer: Unlike the post-Cold War period (1990–2020), current conflicts are prolonged- Russia–Ukraine has crossed 4.5 years, Israel–Hamas/Lebanon has continued for 3 years, while the US–Israel vs Iran confrontation remains unresolved. -Multipolarity is fuelling proxy wars: Emerging power centres back allies instead of fighting directly. Examples: US & Europe backing Ukraine; Russia and China supporting Iran; China’s military, intelligence and economic support to Pakistan. -Technology favours defence over offence: Drones, anti-tank, anti-ship and anti-aircraft missiles have made rapid victories difficult, leading to wars of attrition. Example: Russia’s inability to achieve a quick victory in Ukraine. -UN-led security architecture is weakening: Frequent inter-State wars have marginalised the UN, exposing the limitations of collective security and conflict-resolution mechanisms. -India’s security environment is changing: Pakistan-sponsored terrorism is increasingly treated as an “act of war”. Example: Operation Sindoor (2025) witnessed high-intensity conventional clashes backed by Chinese support to Pakistan. -Way forward: Build a stable multipolar balance of power, strengthen deterrence, revive UN-led multilateralism, and deepen diplomacy to prevent prolonged “forever wars” from becoming the new normal. #GS1mains #ESSAY

Mundeshwari Bhawani Temple #BIHARspecial