Microbiology

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Correct Answer - B Ans-B -Live attenuated vaccines--> These are used as nasal drops Killed vaccine --> It is used mosf commonly. It is given subcutaneously in 2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart. Protective efficacy is 70-90% and duration of protection is 3-6 months. @microbiology_vid

Correct Answer - B Ans. is b i.e., Amniotic membrane In embryonated egg cultivation for influenza virus site of inoculation are :- Amniotic membrane Inoculation sites in embryonated eggs . .Chorioallantoic membrane -1,2HSV, vaccinia ,variola Amniotic cavity -4 Influenza virus inoculation Allantoic cavity -vaccine preparation for Influenza virus, yellow fever ,rabies Yolk sac --> arbovirus, chlamydia, rickettisia @microbiology_vid

Correct Answer - B Ans. is b i.e., Allantoic cavity In embryonated egg cultivation for influenza virus site of inoculation are :- Allontoic cavity or amniotic cavity Inoculation sites in embryonated eggs Chorioallantoic membrane -4 HSV, Poxvirus, Rous-sarcoma virus Amniotic cavity -4 Influenza virus, mumps virus Allantoic cavity - Influenza virus, mumps virus, avian adenovirus, newcastle disease virus Yolk sac --> HSV, chlamydia, rickettisia @microbiology_vid

Correct Answer - D Ans. is 'b' i.e., Transduction; 'c' i.e., Transformation Gene transfer Gene transfer refers to the process of genetic material (e.g. DNA) being sent and received among two organisms ---> Donor sends and recipient receives the genetic material. There are two processes of gene transfer :? 1) Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer Horizontal gene transfer is the process by which genetic material is passed between two different organism, i.e. organism of different species. The recipient is not the offspring of donor. The most important example is gene transfer between the bacteria. The processes of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria are :- 1. Transduction 2. Transformation 3. Conjugation 2) Vertical gene transfer Vertical gene transfer is the process of transferring genetic material to organism of same species, i.e. donor recieves genetic material from its ancestor, e.g. its parent or a species from which it evolved. Therefore, the donor will have the same general makeup as theparents. Vertical gene transfer is "a mix of two parents", i.e. when two organisms mate, their genes are vertically transfered to their spawn. This process is not important in bacteria. @microbiology_vid