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RS232 Communication protocol is an old serial communication protocol developed by EIA (Electronics Industry Alliance)/TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association)-232 in the year 1962. Modern hardware designs use innovative serial communication protocols like USB, Ethernet, and Wi-Fi. But still, RS232 has proven to be prominent. The reason is, RS232 signals spread over longer distances when compared to I2C and serial TTL signals. Moreover, it has better noise immunity. It is proven to be compatible across different manufacturers for interfacing computer and modems.

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👆👆👆👆 ARINC ABBREVIATION...

ARINC 429 data format.. ARINC 429 Protocol is used to interconnect different parts of engine in flight...

CAN protocol is used in Automotives to interconnect various parts of engine and interfaces

Above image shows how different devices are connected using CAN protocol...

Advantages: High speed. Exremely simple interface that is easy to replicate in software. Disadvantages: Slave chips are free to adopt any clocking scheme they require. Parallel Versus Serial SPI The trade off between using a parallel interface and the SPIinterface is speed.

With this scheme all data sent by the master is shifted into all devices and all data sent from each device is shifted out to the next (shown by red dotted arrow).  For this scheme to work  you have to make sure that each slave uses the clock in the same way and you have to get the right number of bits, so there is more work to do in software. The advantage of this method is that you save a chip select signal for each slave SPI device.

With this scheme we can control each slave device using its chip select line. The advantage of this scheme is that we can control each device separately when compared to the daisy chain method - allowing connection of SPI devices that require different clock schemes.

Different SPI Interface operational Modes 👉 Single Master - Single Slave. 👉 Single Master - Multiple Slaves - Chip selected. 👉 Single Master - Multiple Slaves - Dasiy chained.

How it Works It works by transferring data one bit at a time between two devices with the master device sending the clock signal (SCK). The clock controls the timing of the data transfer.

SPI interface The SPI Interface (Serial Peripheral Interface) bus is a high speed, 3-wire, serial communications protocol (4 if you include SSn). Its primiary purpose is to reduce on-PCB wire routing by replacing the traditional parallel bus with a serial interface.  The connections are: MOSI (Master Out Slave In)  [SDO]. MISO (Master In Slave Out)  [SDI]. SCK  (Slave Clock) [SCK].  SS_n (Slave Select).