CAP CLASSES

Today's IT questions. 1)What are the advantages and disadvantages of Data Flow Diagram. 2)Advantages and disadvantages of entity relationship diagram . 3)Define fibre optic. 4)Define middleware 5)Explain -site blocking -Firewall

4) Advantages of ring network include the following: • Ring networks do not require a central computer to control activity nor does it need a file server. • Each computer connected to the network can communicate directly with the other computers in the network by using the common communication channel, and each computer does its own independent applications processing. • The ring network is not as susceptible to breakdowns as the star network, because when one computer in the ring fails, it does not necessarily affect the processing or communications capabilities of the other computers in the ring. • Ring networks offer high performance for a small number of workstations or for larger networks where each station has a similar workload. • Ring networks can span longer distances than other types of networks. • Ring networks are easily extendable. Disadvantages of ring network are as follows: • Relatively expensive and difficult to install. • Failure of one computer on the network can affect the whole network. • It is difficult to troubleshoot a ring network. • Adding or removing computers can disrupt the network.

3) Coaxial Cable: This telecommunications media consists of copper or aluminum wire wrapped with spacers to insulate and protect it (as shown in the Fig. 3.5.2). Insulation minimizes interference and distortion of the signals the cable carries. Coaxial cables can carry a large volume of data and allows high-speed data transmission used in high-service metropolitan areas for cable TV systems, and for short-distance connection of computers and peripheral devices. These cables can be bundled together into a m uch larger cable for ease of installation and can be placed underground and laid on the floors of lakes and oceans. It is used extensively in office buildings and other work sites for local area networks. The only disadvantage of coaxial cable is that it is more expensive than twisted pair.

2)BPR Success factors BPR implies not just change but dramatic change in the way a business functions. It would potentially impact every aspect of the business and the changes would be of a scale that could result in either drastic improvement or massive failures. Research has identified some key factors for BPR projects to succeed. These factors are as follows: (i) Organization wide commitment: Changes to business processes would have a direct impact on processes, organizational structures, work culture, information flows, infrastructure & technologies and job competencies. This requires strong leadership,

1) Advantages of using Flowchart (i) Quicker grasp of relationships – Before any application can be solved, it must be understood, the relationship between various elements of the application must be identified. The programmer can chart a lengthy procedure more easily with the help of a flowchart than by describing it by means of written notes. (ii) Effective Analysis – The flowchart becomes a blue print of a system that can be broken down into detailed parts for study. Problems may be identified and new approaches may be suggested by flowcharts. (iii) Communication – Flowcharts aid in communicating the facts of a business problem to those whose skills are needed for arriving at the solution. (iv) Documentation – Flowcharts serve as a good documentation which aid greatly in future program conversions. In the event of staff changes, they serve as training function by helping new employees in understanding the existing programs. (v) Efficient coding – Flowcharts act as a guide during the system analysis and program preparation phase. Instructions coded in a programming language may be checked against the flowchart to ensure that no steps are omitted. (vi) Orderly check out of problem – Flowcharts serve as an important tool during program debugging. They help in detecting, locating and removing mistakes. (vii) Efficient program maintenance – The maintenance of operating programs is facilitated by flowcharts. The charts help the programmer to concentrate attention on that part of the information flow which is to be modified. Limitations of using Flowchart (i) Complex logic – Flowchart becomes complex and clumsy where the problem logic is complex. The essentials of what is done can easily be lost in the technical details of how it is done. (ii) Modification – If modifications to a flowchart are required, it may require complete re- drawing. (iii) Reproduction – Reproduction of flowcharts is often a problem because the symbols used in flowcharts cannot be typed. (iv) Link between conditions and actions – Sometimes it becomes difficult to establish the linkage between various conditions and the actions to be taken there upon for a particular condition. (v) Standardization – Program flowcharts, although easy to follow, are not such a natural way of expressing procedures as writing in English, nor are they easily translated into Programming language.

Today's IT questions: 1)Define the advantages and disadvantages of flowchart. 2)Give BPR success factors 3)What is coaxial cable 4)Advantages and disadvantages of ring network 5)Difference between -serial and parallel transmission -asynchronous and synchronous transmission

Memorize atleast 6 to 7 points from above for maximum results. Have a great night!

Benefits of e-Commerce Application and Implementation E-Commerce presents immense benefits to individual organizations, consumers, and society as a whole. • Reduction in costs to buyers from increased competition in procurement as more suppliers are able to compete in an electronically open marketplace. • Reduction in errors, time, and overhead costs in information processing by eliminating requirements for re-entering data. • Reduction in costs to suppliers by electronically accessing on-line databases of bid opportunities, on-line abilities to submit bids, and on-line review of rewards. • Reduction in time to complete business transactions, particularly from delivery to payment. • Creation of new markets through the ability to easily and cheaply reach potential customers. • Easier entry into new markets, especially geographically remote markets, for enterprises regardless of size and location. • Better quality of goods as specifications are standardized and competition is increased and improved variety of goods through expanded markets and the ability to produce customized goods. • Faster time to m arket as business processes are linked, thus enabling seamless processing and eliminating time delays. • Optimization of resource selection as businesses form cooperative teams to increase the chances of economic successes, and to provide the customer products and capabilities more exactly meeting the requirements.

Business Use of the Internet Business uses of the Internet include the following: • Strategic business alliances • Providing customer and vendor support • Collaboration among business partners • Buying and selling products and services • Marketing, sales, and customer service applications • Growth of cross-functional business applications • Emergence of a pplications in engineering, manufacturing, human resources and accounting. • Enterprise communications and collaboration • Attracting new customers with innovative marketing and products. • Retaining present customers with improved customer service and support. • Developing new web-based markets and distribution channels for existing products. • Developing new information-based products accessible on the Web. • Generating revenue through electronic commerce applications is a g rowing source of business value. • Electronic commerce

5) Internet Applications: Internet can be used as a very effective media for various applications such as: • E-mail, browsing the sites on the World Wide Web, and participating in special interest newsgroups are the most popular Internet applications. • Electronic commerce transactions between businesses and their suppliers and customers can also performed with online web applications. • The Internet provides electronic discussion forums and bulletin board systems formed and managed by thousands of special-interest newsgroups. • Other applications include downloading software and information files and accessing databases provided by thousands of businesses, governments, and other organizations. • The Internet allows holding real-time conversations with other Internet users.

4) Advantages of the star network include the following: • Several users can use the central unit at the same time. • It is easy to add new nodes and remove existing nodes. • A node failure does not bring down the entire network. • It is easier to diagnose network problems through a central hub. Disadvantages of the star network are as follows: • The whole network is affected if the main unit “goes down,” and all communications stop. • Considered less reliable than a ring network, since the other computers in the star are heavily dependent on the central host computer. If it fails, there is no backup processing and communications capability and the local computers will be cut off from the corporate headquarters and from each other. • Cost of cabling the central system and the points of the star network together are very high.

3) • Twisted-Pair Wire: Twisted-pair is ordinary telephone wire, consisting of copper wire twisted into pairs as shown in the Fig. 3.5.2. It is the most widely used media for telecommunications and is used for both voice and data transmissions. It is used extensively in home and office telephone systems and many LANs and WANs. However, there are few disadvantages of the same. Twisted Pair Wire is susceptible to various types of electrical interference (noise), which limits the practical distances that data can be transmitted without being garbled. Signals must be “refreshed” every one to two miles through the use of repeaters, which are very expensive and does not offer security.

2) “BPR is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of processes to achieve dramatic improvement, in critical, contemporary measures of performance such as cost, quality, service and speed”.