PTS -Library

🧠 Obstacle Crossing and Balance Control When we walk over obstacles, our body needs more balance control than during normal walking. If we lose balance, we might fall. 📊 Key Study Example (Chou et al., 2001): - What they did: Asked young adults to step over obstacles of different heights (2.5% to 15% of their body height). - - What they found: - Higher obstacles = more movement of the body’s center of mass (COM) forward/backward and up/down. - Side-to-side (medial-lateral) movement didn’t change much. - Healthy people try to keep side-to-side movement small to stay balanced. * - 🧍‍♂️➡️🧱 Step Over or Go Around? - Decision depends on size of obstacle vs. your body. - - Example: If the obstacle is as tall as your leg (1:1 ratio), people usually go around it (Warren, 1988). - - Why? Because stepping over tall obstacles increases the risk of tripping. 🧱💥 Obstacle Type Affects Gait - Example: If an object looks fragile (like glass), people lift their foot higher to avoid hitting it (Patla, 1997). - This is called increased toe clearance. 🫡

Stroke It's not random- There's a neurological explanation behind this pattern. Let's understand in steps. The Vestibulospinal tract has high influence of Extensor synergy in lower limb. Knee Flexion is the Missing component. Loss of Pelvic Stability. Energy Consumption by U/L synergy.

- Essential Requirements for Locomotion: - Progression: - Involves a basic locomotor pattern that coordinates rhythmic muscle activation in the legs, trunk, and arms. - Enables initiating, guiding, and terminating movement—even toward endpoints that are not always visible. - Postural Control: - Relies on multiple systems to maintain both orientation and stability. - Orientation: - Aligns body segments relative to one another and the environment. - Stability: - Involves controlling the center of mass relative to a moving base of support. - Encompasses three aspects: - Steady-State Balance: Maintaining stability while walking under constant conditions. - Reactive Balance: Recovering stability following an unexpected perturbation. - Anticipatory/Proactive Balance: Activating muscles to counteract internal and external destabilizing forces (e.g., carrying heavy objects or navigating obstacles).

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