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​​807. How does Indigo watch works? Timex received the patent for the Indiglo® nightlight in 1988. The nightlight's bluish green light illuminates the entire dial of the watch evenly at the push of a button. The dial is coated with a compound of zinc sulfide mixed with copper, a substance which becomes luminescent when an electrical charge is applied. As described in the Timex patent, you take a thin glass or plastic layer, coat it with a clear conductor, coat that with a very thin layer of phosphor, coat the phosphor with a thin plastic and then add another electrode. Essentially, what you have is two conductors (a capacitor) with phosphor in between. When you apply 100 to 200 volts AC (alternating current) to the conductors, the phosphor energizes and begins emitting photons. Creating the high voltage can be a problem in a wristwatch. The watch has only a small 1.5-volt battery. To produce the 100 to 200 volts, the 1:100 transformer is used. 

806. What is Fossilised lightning? Lightning lasts for only fractions of a second, but when conditions are just right, traces of it can be preserved for centuries in the form of fossils. If a bolt strikes sand, it can form a stone tube called a fulgurite. Sand is made from ground-up particles of rocks, minerals, and the shells and skeletons of living organisms. The exact composition varies depending on where you are in the world, but one of the most common components is silica – the key ingredient used to make glass. Glass is made by melting sand at temperatures in excess of 1,700 degrees Celsius, and a lightning strike provides more than enough energy to make it happen naturally. Sand doesn’t normally conduct electricity, but when it is wet it provides a path for the lightning. Gaps between sand grains trap water, and when lightning strikes, it passes through the liquid. The intense energy release produces searing heat, melting the grains and leaving behind a glassy cast that traces the outline of the bolt. Fulgurites can be made naturally, but it’s also possible to encourage their formation artificially by planting a conductive metal rod into wet sand, standing back and waiting for a storm.

805. Why is Octopus Blood Blue? Octopuses have blue blood. To survive in the deep ocean, octopuses evolved a copper rather than iron-based blood called hemocyanin, which turns its blood blue. This copper base is more efficient at transporting oxygen then hemoglobin when water temperature is very low and not much oxygen is around.

​​804. What is Torpedo? The modern Torpedo is a self-propelled weapon with an explosive warhead, launched above or below the water surface, propelled underwater towards a target, and designed to detonate either on contact with its target or in proximity to it. Historically, it was called an automotive, automobile, locomotive or fish torpedo; colloquially called a fish. The term torpedowas originally employed for a variety of devices, most of which would today be called mines. From about 1900, torpedo has been used strictly to designate an underwater self-propelled weapon.

803. Who developed the Seatbelt? Volvo built their reputation on selling safer cars, but they gave away the most important safety device ever invented: the three-point seat belt. UK autos website Arnold Clark took a look back at what is now the universal modern seat belt, created by Volvo engineer Nils Bohlin in 1959.

​​802. What is Crookes Radiometer and how does it work? The Crookes radiometer, also known as a light mill, consists of an airtight glass bulb, containing a partial vacuum. Inside are a set of vanes which are mounted on a spindle. A Crookes' radiometer has four vanes suspended inside a glass bulb. Inside the bulb, there is a good vacuum. When you shine a light on the vanes in the radiometer, they spin -- in bright sunlight, they can spin at several thousand rotations per minute! The vacuum is important to the radiometer's success. If there is no vacuum (that is, if the bulb is full of air), the vanes do not spin because there is too much drag. If there is a near-perfect vacuum, the vanes do not spin unless they are held in a frictionless way. If the vanes have a frictionless support and the vacuum is complete, then photons bouncing off the silver side of the vanes push the vanes, causing them to rotate. However, this force is exceedingly small.

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801. How does glow-in-the dark paint work? Glow-in-the-dark paint contains a chemical called phosphor that absorbs energy and then releases it as visible light. When exposed to light, the phosphor atoms electrons are bumped up to a higher energy state. They remain in this state temporarily, storing the energy from the light. As the electrons drop back down to lower-energy states over time, they release the energy, emitting a faint glow. There are many different types of phosphor, but most glow-in-the-dark objects use strontium aluminate, which gives off a characteristic green light for several hours.