Eurasia DNA
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To Continue, we can discuss about the achievements of the early Aryans aka Proto-Indo-Iranian people, that is before they migrated to Iran and India, because they were certainly influenced by many indigenous peoples after what we call the Western Iranian and Vedic civilizations.
This people originated from the Fatyanovo culture, according to the evidence, they experienced a relatively sedentary life in the forests for like500-700 years, then they moved east and experienced more mobility at this time until they reached the Ural Mountains, which we call the Sintashta culture. In the following, The achievements of these people will be told.
1- Two-wheeled war chariots:
These people continued the technology of their ancestors, horses and four-wheeled wagons, their conditions and lifestyle caused them to modify the wagons and build war chariots.
The first wooden war chariot with two wheels was found in this culture and then spread all over the world.
the chariots that were formed in the Great War of the Chariots among the Hittites, Egyptians and others all come from the Sintashta chariots.
They also used spoked wheels for the first time, which made the vehicle more agile and efficient.
Their chariots spread from China to northern and western Europe before they start to conquer anywhere.
2- Large structures:
Although the ancestors of these people, and even a high percentage of their descendants for 2,000 years after them, were nomadic, a large and unusual structure is found among the early Aryans that did not exist in any other Indo-European culture that was not associated with agricultural civilizations.
The circular cities of Sintashta, which functioned like fortresses made of stone and wood, were a structure to defend against invaders and to cover their lifestyle, a double-walled structure, on the outer layer of which lived the livestock and herders, and on the inner layer the priests and blacksmiths.
Guards stood at the top of the walls, to warn the attacks, charioteers rode into the Uralic enemy in chariots built in these cities.
Each of these fortresses could accommodate up to a thousand people, so it was a union where people of all social classes could cooperate to resist external and natural dangers.
These large and strange structures were almost never seen in this form and size in any of their descendants.
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ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ (BMAC, ΠΠΊΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ) ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ (BMAC), ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΠΊΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ·ΠΈΠΈ (ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ 2300β1700 Π³Π³. Π΄ΠΎ Π½. Ρ.). ΠΠ½ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π’ΡΡΠΊΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π£Π·Π±Π΅ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π’Π°Π΄ΠΆΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π°, ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΡΠ°Π½Π°.ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² 1970-Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π‘Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ), ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΠ½Π΄Π°. ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈΠ‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, BMAC Π²Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ° BMAC Ρ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 45 %, Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 25β55 %. ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ BMAΠ‘ ΠΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ BMAC Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ : ΠΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ (Iran_N, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π·ΠΈΠ°Π³ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ) β Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ, β 60 %. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ (Anatolian Neolithic Farmers, ANF) β β 20 %. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ (ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π’ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ»Π°, Π’Π°Π΄ΠΆΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½), Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΅Π²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠ΅Π² (ANE) β β 15 %. ΠΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ (Ancient Ancestral South Indian, AASI) β ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, β 2 %.
Bactrian-Margian Archaeological Complex (BMAC, Oxus Civilization) The Bactrian-Margian Archaeological Complex (BMAC), also known as the Oxus Civilization, is one of the most significant Bronze Age archaeological cultures of Central Asia (circa 2300β1700 BCE). It was spread across the territories of modern-day Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, northern Afghanistan, and northeastern Iran. The complex was discovered and investigated in the 1970s by the Soviet archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi. Excavations revealed a highly organized urban society with monumental architecture (including fortifications and temple complexes), a developed irrigation system, craft production, and distinctive glyptics and metalwork, demonstrating connections with the civilizations of the Near East and the Indus Valley. Genetic contribution to modern populations According to current paleogenetic data, the BMAC made a substantial contribution to the gene pool of Eastern Iranian peoples, particularly the Tajiks. The BMAC component in Tajiks averages around 45%, ranging from 25% to 55% depending on the population. Genetic composition of the BMAC population Paleogenetic analysis indicates that the BMAC population was formed from several main sources, in roughly the following proportions: Iranian Neolithic farmers (Iran_N, associated with Zagros and Eastern Iranian Neolithic populations) β dominant component, β 60%. Anatolian Neolithic farmers (ANF) β β 20%. Local Central Asian Neolithic (represented by specimens from Tutkaul, Tajikistan), including a significant admixture from Ancient North Eurasians (ANE) β β 15%. Ancient Ancestral South Indian component (AASI) β minor, β 2%.https://t.me/Eurasiadna
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Facial reconstruction of a 4,000-year-old Aryan girl from Samara
This young woman (about 14-15 years old), from a collective burial at the Utyovka VI burial ground (kurgan 2, burial 6, Neftegorsky District, Samara Region), belonged to the Potapovka-Sintashta cultural block of the early Late Bronze Age. The Potapovka culture was a syncretism of the Abashevo and Poltavka cultures and was closely related to the Sintashta culture. Potapovka burial practices are highly diverse. Central graves are large (4.5β10 mΒ³) and are surrounded by smaller peripheral burials. They feature wooden coverings, stepped walls, and internal pits or grooves. Some graves, such as Utyovka VI, contained complex wooden structures with horse sacrifices and dismantled chariots placed inside. Bodies were usually laid on the left side or on the back, slightly flexed, with bent arms. Grave goods at Utyovka VI are abundant and varied: numerous metal tools and weapons (knives, daggers, spearheads), ornaments (bracelets, pendants, beads), and stone tools for sharpening. Some items show Near Eastern connections. Rare silver and gold ornaments were also found. Burials often included full quivers with flint arrowheads (up to 16 per grave). Arrows were about 50 cm long, and bows up to 1 m, with a range of about 300 m. Clothing was decorated with beads made of metal, faience, and stone. A distinctive feature is the presence of antler cheekpieces (psalia), linked to horse gear and sometimes decorated, with parallels across the Eurasian steppe. Bone artifacts (arrowheads, beads, combs, discs) are also common and diverse (Vasiliev I.B., Kuznetsov P.F., Turetski M.A., 2000).Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° 4000-Π»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π²ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π° (ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 14β15 Π»Π΅Ρ), ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π£ΡΡΠ²ΠΊΠ° VI (ΠΊΡΡΠ³Π°Π½ 2, ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 6, ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½, Π‘Π°ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ), ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π°Π±Π°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ (4,5β10 ΠΌΒ³) ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ»Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π£ΡΡΠ²ΠΊΠ° VI, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡ. Π’Π΅Π»Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π² Π£ΡΡΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ VI ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Π½: ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ΅ (Π½ΠΎΠΆΠΈ, ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ°Π»Ρ, Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ), ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Π±ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π±ΡΡΡ), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π·Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π» (Π΄ΠΎ 16 Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ). ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π» ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 50 ΡΠΌ, Π° Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² β Π΄ΠΎ 1 ΠΌ, Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 300 ΠΌ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π° ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π°, ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ½Ρ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ΅Π² (ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°), ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ , Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ (Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π», Π±ΡΡΡ, Π³ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ) ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½Ρ (ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π² Π.Π., ΠΡΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π.Π€., Π’ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π.Π., 2000).https://t.me/Eurasiadna
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ΠΡΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ (Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ) ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΊ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π» ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Π² (Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π²). ΠΠ½ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Β«ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΒ» β ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΠΎΡ, Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π² Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Β«ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈΒ». ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π° Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π’ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Airya-Varka (Β«Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΈΒ»), Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΡ. Π‘ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ varka (Β«Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΒ») ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ volk, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΊ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½Π° β ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅, β ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π»ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ².
The Wolf Cult in Indo-Iranian (Aryan) Traditions The wolf held a central place in the religious and warrior traditions of the Indo-Iranians (Aryans). It symbolized βsacred furyββa controlled, ritualized rage necessary for battle, personal growth, and the development of martial skills. This symbolism went far beyond depicting an animal, representing ideals such as courage, aggression, and disciplined ferocity expected of warriors. Young men underwent initiation rites in which they symbolically βbecame wolves.β These rituals marked their transition into full warrior status and emphasized liminalityβa period in which the initiates were separated from ordinary society, inhabiting a space between human and wild, ordinary and sacred. These rites reflect the deep Indo-European archetype of the wolf as a guide and a symbol of warrior transformation. The tradition can be traced back to the Corded Ware culture and was also present among the Neurians and other Corded Ware-related Indo-European groups, showing that the wolf cult was widespread among early Aryan-descended peoples. In Indo-Iranian sources, ritual warrior bands were called Airya-Varka (βAryan Wolvesβ), and texts of the Avesta describe warriors adopting wolf-like qualities to demonstrate courage, strength, and divine favor. Linguistically, the Iranian word varka (βwolfβ) is cognate with the Slavic volk, highlighting the deep Indo-European roots of the wolf as an archetype of initiation, martial transformation, and sacred ferocity. Across generations and cultures, the wolf remained a symbol of the liminal warriorβa being bridging the human and divine, the natural and ritualizedβmaking it central to the identity and ideology of Aryan warrior societies.http://t.me/eurasiadna
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Π ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΡΠ·Π΅Π΅ ΠΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π°Π΄ ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠ»Π°Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΠ·ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ Π£ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·, Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΠΈ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΈ Π°Π»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅, Π² ΠΡΡΠΌΡ, Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ β Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠ΅Π½Π³ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠΎΠ»Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅ β ΠΈ Π² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
The National Museum of Vladikavkaz has unveiled two life-sized reconstructions of medieval Alanian riders. The figures took five years to create and are based on archaeological finds, with clothing, weapons, and horse equipment accurately recreated. The Alans were an Iranian-speaking nomadic people who migrated from the Ural region and Central Asia to the Caucasus, later spreading into parts of Europe and even North Africa. Their language descended from the Sarmatian languages, and they are closely linked to the Late Sarmatians both culturally and genetically. Descendants of the Alans still exist today in the Caucasus, Crimea, parts of Europe such as France, Spain, Hungary, England, and Moldova, and in North Africa. The reconstructions offer a vivid glimpse of what these riders once looked like.http://t.me/Eurasiadna
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ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½Π³ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠΠ, Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 98.5 %), ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° (β1.5 %).ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ autosomal ΠΠΠ Π²Π΅Π½Π³ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ: Π―ΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ancestry (Yamnaya Steppe Proto-Indo-Europeans) β β48.2 %. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ (Early European Farmers, Globular Amphora culture) β β43.4 %. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ, Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ. Π Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ / ΡΠ³ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° β β8.0 %. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎ-ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ (Proto-Uralic) β Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ β0.4 %, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π° ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π΄ΡΡΡ. Π Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ (ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π΅ΠΊ β ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅) Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ³ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ admixture: ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠΎ-ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ (Balto-Slavic, β900β350 Π΄ΠΎ Π½.Ρ.) β β29.2 %. ΠΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (Paenonian, 750β100 Π΄ΠΎ Π½.Ρ.) β β29.2 %. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (Germanic, β100β630 Π½.Ρ.) β β25.2 %. Π‘Π»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (Slavic, β540β1270 Π½.Ρ.) β β42.6 % (ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄). ΠΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ / ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (Italian / Roman Italy, β650β1450 Π½.Ρ.) β β12.6 %. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (Balkans, β500β1000 Π½.Ρ.) β β14.6 %. ΠΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (Volga Finn, β700β400) β β3.2 %. ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΈ (Iron Age Karelia) β β4.6 %. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π½Π³ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ: ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ (EEF) Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²Π΅ΠΊ (Yamnaya-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ) Π Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ (ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π² ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ VIβVII Π²Π².)
The genetic profile of modern Hungarians, according to ancient DNA models, displays a typical Central European pattern with a predominance of West Eurasian components (around 98.5%), and a minimal proportion of East Eurasian contribution (β1.5%). The main ancient autosomal DNA components of Hungarians are composed as follows: Β· Yamnaya Steppe Proto-Indo-European ancestry β β48.2%. This is the primary Bronze Age steppe component that arrived in the region with the migrations of the Yamnaya culture and its descendants. Β· Early European Farmers (Globular Amphora culture) β β43.4%. The Neolithic agricultural substrate of Central Europe, which dominated before the arrival of steppe groups. Β· Early European Farmers of Greece / Southeast Europe β β8.0%. Β· Proto-Uralic component β only β0.4%, corresponding to an extremely weak preservation of the genetic trace from the Volga-Kama ancestors of the Magyars. In later periods (Iron Age β Early Middle Ages), migrations and admixture played a significant role: Β· Balto-Slavic component (β900β350 BC) β β29.2%. Β· Pannonian (750β100 BC) β β29.2%. Β· Germanic (β100β630 AD) β β25.2%. Β· Slavic (β540β1270 AD) β β42.6% (the largest late contribution). Β· Italian / Roman (β650β1450 AD) β β12.6%. Β· Balkan (β500β1000 AD) β β14.6%. Β· Volga Finn (β700β400 BC) β β3.2%. Β· Iron Age Karelia β β4.6%. Thus, the genome of modern Hungarians is mainly shaped by three major layers: 1. Neolithic European Farmers (EEF) 2. Bronze Age Steppe (Yamnaya-like) 3. Early Medieval Slavic influx (particularly strong in the Pannonian Basin after the 6thβ7th centuries AD)
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Physical Characteristics of Srubnaya, Sintashta and Andronovo Cultures
The Bronze Age steppe cultures of Srubnaya, Sintashta, and Andronovo show both similarities and variation in their physical characteristics. Their phenotypic composition, hair colors, and eye colors reflect a mixture of northern Eurasian and steppe-associated traits, with the Nordic phenotype forming the dominant element across the three cultures. Srubnaya Culture: The Srubnaya culture displays a relatively mixed phenotypic composition. The largest component is Mediterranean (31.3%), followed by Nordic (25%) and Alpinid (25%). Smaller contributions include Volgid (6.3%), Strandid (6.3%), and Indo-Nordic (6.3%), indicating a diverse but balanced phenotypic structure. In terms of eye color, Srubnaya individuals show a slight predominance of Brown eyes (61,2), while brown eyes account for 38,8% of the population. The hair color distribution is dominated by darker shades, particularly dark-brown (29.41%) and black (21.57%). However, lighter hair is also common, including blonde (19.61%) and dark-blonde (7.84%). Additional categories include brown (13.73%), light shades (5.88%), and red hair (1.96%), which occurs only rarely. Sintashta Culture: The Sintashta culture is more strongly dominated by the Nordic phenotype (48.1%), making it the most Nordic-leaning population among the three groups. Secondary elements include Mediterranean (22.2%) and Alpinid (14.8%), while smaller influences come from Nord-Iranid (7.4%), Strandid (3.7%), and Pamirid (3.7%). The hair color spectrum in Sintashta shows both dark and light shades. The largest categories are dark-brown/black (29.6%) and blonde/dark-blonde (25.9%). Other hair types include black (11.1%), dark-blonde/brown (11.1%), light hair (7.4%), blonde (3.7%), dark (3.7%), brown/dark-brown (3.7%), and red hair (3.7%). Eye color among Sintashta individuals appears to include a mixture of lighter and darker shades, reflecting the combination of Nordic and other steppe-related phenotypic influences. Andronovo Culture: The Andronovo culture also shows a strong Nordic dominance (41.7%), though slightly lower than in Sintashta. Other phenotypic elements include Alpinid (16.7%), while Uralid, Strandid, Berberid, Indo-Nordid, and Mediterranean each represent 8.3% of the sample. The eye color distribution in Andronovo is very similar to Srubnaya. Blue eyes form the majority at 55%, while brown eyes account for 45%. The hair color distribution again shows a mixture of darker and lighter shades. The most common categories are dark-brown/black (30%) and blonde/dark-blonde (25%). Other hair types include black (10%), dark-blonde/brown (7.58%), brown/dark-brown (6.3%), blonde (6.38%), dark (5%), red (7.58%), and light shades (2.58%). Combined Characteristics of the Three Cultures When Srubnaya, Sintashta, and Andronovo are considered together, the combined phenotypic composition is dominated by Nordic types (38.3%), followed by Mediterranean (20.6%) and Alpinid (18.8%). Smaller elements include Strandid (6.1%) and Indo-Nordid (4.9%), while Uralid, Berberid, Nord-Iranid, Volgid, and Pamirid occur only in minor percentages. In terms of eye color, the combined populations show a slight predominance of blue eyes, with approximately 55% blue and 45% brown, indicating a strong presence of lighter pigmentation typical of northern Eurasian populations. The hair color distribution across all three cultures shows a mixture of shades but with a tendency toward dark-brown and black hair, which form the largest portion. Nevertheless, blonde and dark-blonde hair make up a substantial secondary component, while red and very light hair appear only in small proportions. Overall, these Bronze Age steppe populations show a predominantly Nordic-leaning phenotype combined with a mixture of light and dark pigmentation traits, reflecting the complex biological diversity of the Eurasian steppe during this period.Russian textβ¬οΈ
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ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Ρ (ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ-ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ) ΠΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡ, Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊ. 7500 Π»Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π½.Π². ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°: I2a1bπ‘οΈ ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² 1909 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΠΎ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΡ. ΠΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 30 000 Π»Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 7500 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ ΠΊ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ-ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ, Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ 30β40 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π·ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π·ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π° Π½Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π‘ΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²-ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ , ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΌΡΠ³Π»Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ°, ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΠ΅ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π° (Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅) ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ β ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ. ΠΡΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π². ΠΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠΌΠ±-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ Π² Π½Π΅Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ»Π΅ Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ (Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ), ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΄Π°.
The Combe-Capelle WHG. Mesolithic Perigord, France. c.7,500ybp. Haplogroup: I2a1bπ‘οΈ The Combe-Capelle remains, discovered in 1909 in France, are an important Mesolithic find, initially thought to date back to around 30,000 years before present (YBP). However, more recent radiocarbon dating suggests the remains are approximately 7,500 years old. This individual, associated with Western Hunter-Gatherers (WHG), provides critical insight into early human populations in Europe. The man from Combe-Capelle is estimated to have been aged 30-40 at the time of his death. This age estimate is based on detailed analysis of his skeletal remains, including dental wear and the degree of bone fusion. These indicators suggest a more mature adult, rather than a young man. The Combe-Capelle skeleton is particularly valuable for understanding the genetics and lifestyle of WHGs. Genetic analysis reveals that WHGs typically had tan or olive skin, light eyes (blue, hazel, or green), and a sturdy build, traits well-adapted to the post-glacial environments of prehistoric Europe. These genetic traits contributed significantly to the gene pool of modern Europeans. Burial practices observed at the Combe-Capelle site indicate a level of ritualistic behavior. The man was buried in a shallow grave with a few stone tools and ornaments (a headband of threaded snail shells), signifying some form of burial rite.
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Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΡΠΈ (Γtzi), ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π’ΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°: Y-Π΄Π½ΠΊ:G-PF3146 ΠΡΠ΄Π½ΠΊ:K1f Π 1991 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΠ»ΡΠΏ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 5300 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΡΡΠΈ (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎ Β«Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΒ». ΠΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π» ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅, ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ β Π° ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ β ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ΅ Π·ΡΠ±Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ Π΅Π», Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π°, ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½ β Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ± Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊ 2012 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎ ΠΠΠ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΡΡΠΈ β Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΆΠ΅. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΠ½ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ. Π ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΠΠ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΠ ΠΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ Π² Cell Genomics Π²ΡΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠ»Π°Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Β«Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°Β». ΠΠ° 92% ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠΠ Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 8000 ΡΡΡ. Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ.
Reconstruction of the appearance of Γtzi, also known as the Tyrolean Iceman. Haplogroup: Y-dna: G-PF3146 MtDNA: K1f In 1991, a human mummy about 5,300 years old was found in a melting glacier in the Γtztal Alps in Austria. It became known as Γtzi (after the location) or simply the "Iceman." Γtzi became the oldest mummy in Europe, and heβfor the remains were maleβbecame the subject of intense study. Researchers working on Γtzi gradually reported that he had bad teeth, that his last meal was ibex meat, and that many wounds were found on his bodyβsuggesting he likely died in a bloody fight. Attention eventually turned to his genome, which was fully sequenced by 2012. The DNA suggested that Γtzi's ancestors came from the Circum-Pontic Steppe (the steppe region around the Black Sea and Caspian Sea). However, it was previously believed that peoples from the Pontic-Caspian steppe did not appear in Europe until several hundred years later. At the same time, analysis of the genome revealed significant contamination with modern DNA. The sequencing and analysis methods available at the time were not sufficiently advanced to reliably separate Γtzi's own DNA from contaminants. But improved methods soon became available, and now a paper published in Cell Genomics by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and the University of Vienna presents a refined genome of the Iceman. It shows that 92% of his DNA originates from early Anatolian farmers who migrated to Europe around 8,000 years ago.
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ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π§ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°:N-L708π‘οΈ Π£ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Π.Π. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ°Π·Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π² 2004 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π§ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡΠ°, Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ³Π΅Π½. ΠΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΆΡΡΠ½Π°Π»Π΅ Journal of Human Genetics. ΠΡΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π² Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡ Π² Π―ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΌΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅, ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ 2200 ΠΏΠΎ 1300 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π½. Ρ. Π ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π»ΡΠΊ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ» ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 4200 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ 40β50 Π»Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π» Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΠ, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ Y-Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ 256 ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ 11 Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ ΠΠΌΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π°. ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ Y-Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ·ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° N-L708 Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ°Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ 7 ΡΡΡ. Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄. ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 4β3 ΡΡΡ. Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ, Π―ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠΎΠ½Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π§ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ.
Genetic Studies Show That the Most Direct Descendants of Neolithic Yakuts Are the Indigenous Peoples of Kamchatka and Chukotka. Haplogroup:N-L708π‘οΈ Scientists from the Research Centre for Medical Genetics named after Academician N.P. Bochkov, in collaboration with colleagues from Kazakhstan, conducted a DNA study of an ancient warrior whose remains were found in 2004 near the village of Churapcha, in the Kerdyugen area. It turned out that his paternal male lineage continues to be found among modern residents of Northeastern Russia. The results of the scientific work were published in the Journal of Human Genetics. The male burial, discovered during archaeological excavations in Yakutia, belonged to the Ymyyakhtakh culture, which existed in Siberia from approximately 2200 to 1300 BC. The grave contained weapons, including a shield and a bow, as well as elements of protective gear consisting of many parts. The remains, approximately 4,200 years old, belonged to a man aged 40β50 who, according to archaeologists, held a high social status and may have been a noble warrior. Analyzing the extracted DNA, the researchers studied samples of the man's Y-chromosome and compared them with similar samples from 256 representatives of 11 ethnic groups from the Russian Far East, inhabiting territories from the northern regions to the Amur Basin. Literature data on Y-chromosome polymorphism indicate that the descendants of Neolithic Yakuts spread across all of North Asia. Carriers of the ancient N-L708 haplotype began migrating from Transbaikalia to Northeastern Eurasia approximately 7,000 years ago. Around 4,000β3,000 years ago, they arrived in the territories of modern-day Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Mongolia, and Chukotka.https://science.mail.ru/news/44421-potomki-voina-kerdyugena/
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Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° (Π‘Π°ΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΉ) ΠΎΡ Ancestral Whispers. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏ Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄, Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²-ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Π· Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ» Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ EHG ΠΈ CHG,ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π³Π»ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡ Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄.
Reconstruction of the Mesolithic man from the North-West Caucasus (Satanai) from Ancestral Whispers. The skull dates back to the Mesolithic. According to anthropological and genetic data, this individual was probably associated with populations of eastern hunter-gatherers who occupied Eastern Europe after the ice age. Interestingly, the North-West Caucasus in the Mesolithic was apparently a contact zone between EHG and CHG, which Is reflected in both genetics and morphology. The reconstruction clearly shows what the people who inhabited this region thousands of years ago could look like.
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ΠΠΈΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ U2e1h1a5 Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΠΈ
ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π±Π°Π·Ρ YFull MTree, Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ: U2e1h1a5π‘οΈ ΠΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π³Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ U2e, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ U2e ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ,Π‘ΡΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡ ΠΠ²ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ 2000-1500 Π³Π³. Π΄ΠΎ Π½.Ρ. ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΠΈ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ·ΠΈΠΈ.
Mitochondrial lineage U2e1h1a5 in the Ingush and its steppe parallels According to the YFull MTree database, a mitochondrial line was discovered in one of the Ingush samples: U2e1h1a5π‘οΈ This branch belongs to the U2e haplogroup, which is widespread in the steppe zone of Eurasia and is recorded in ancient populations of the Bronze Age. In particular, U2e lineages were found in archaeogenetic samples from the Andronovo, Srubnaya and Sintashta cultures These cultures existed in the steppes of Eurasia approximately 2000-1500. BC and are often associated with Bronze Age steppe Indo-European populations. This may reflect ancient connections between the steppe populations of Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
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π‘οΈY-Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ° β ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°; ΠΌΡΠΠΠ β ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΡ; ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ β ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ².
π‘οΈY-DNA β straight from dad (paternal path only) mtDNA β straight from mom (maternal path only) Autosomes β from literally all your ancestors (the full genetic remix!)
