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I have a very tricky but interesting question to ask
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Repost from Pavel Durov
💎 Telegram has applied for the .gram domain zone.
If the application is approved by ICANN, a billion Telegram users could get their own second-level domains.
🖥 For example, @durov would get durov.gram, and @monk would get monk.gram.
Users would be able to set up their interactive websites hosted by Telegram — just by typing one prompt ✨
Let me peg it here on cryptography I believe you have learnt new stuff today...
Hashing is like a digital fingerprint
Now think about your fingerprint which helps identify you.
Also note that a cryptographic hash can act somewhat like a fingerprint for data.
Now check this out
Suppose you download a file.
The website says "Expected SHA-256: ABC123..."
Your computer hashes the downloaded file.
Now If the calculated hash matches the expected hash, that's strong evidence that the file is unchanged but If the hash doesn't match, something is different.
3. What is hashing?
Hashing is different from encryption.
This is extremely important.
A hash function takes data and produces a fixed-size value called a hash or digest.
2. Asymmetric cryptography
Asymmetric cryptography uses two related keys:
i. Public key which can be shared.
ii. Private key which ust be kept secret.
Think of it as mailbox where anyone can put a letter inside
but only you have the key to open it.
You will notice that the opening mechanism is publicly accessible, but the secret key belongs only to you.
That's a useful mental model for asymmetric cryptography.
1. Symmetric cryptography
This is probably the easiest to understand.
Imagine you and your friend have one secret key.
You use that key to lock the box.
Your friend uses the same key to unlock it.
That is it
Lol
Examples include:
AES and ChaCha20.
Three major types of cryptographic techniques
A useful way to organize cryptography is:
1. Symmetric cryptography
2. Asymmetric cryptography
3. Hash functions
Non-repudiation
In certain systems, a digital signature can provide evidence that a particular private key was used to approve/sign some data.
It's similar to signing a document, except the cryptographic process provides much stronger technical guarantees than simply writing your name.
Authentication
Proving that someone or something is really who they claim to be.
For example, when your phone communicates with a website, cryptographic mechanisms can help establish that you're communicating with the legitimate server.
2. Integrity
Making sure information hasn't been changed.
Imagine you send something like "Give John ₦5,000." then Someone changes it to "Give John ₦50,000."
That's a serious problem.
Cryptographic techniques can help detect that the information was modified.
That's integrity.
Cryptography isn't just "making things secret"
This is one of the most important things to understand.
Cryptography can provide several different security properties.
The major ones are:
1. Confidentiality
Keeping information secret.
Example:
You send a private message to your friend.
Someone intercepts it, but they can't understand it.
That's confidentiality.
What's an algorithm?
An algorithm is simply a defined procedure for solving a problem.
Imagine telling someone to make fried rice, first heat the pan, then add oil, then add vegetables..
That's a procedure.
So cryptographic algorithms are procedures for performing cryptographic operations.
Examples include:
AES
RSA
ChaCha20
SHA-256
ECC
