THE UNKNOWN SOLUTION TEAM

IGBO above ☝️

HEALTH EDUCATION 1-10: DEEBBCCCEE 11-20: BDAACDCBBA 21-30: BDBEDCACBA 31-40: BAECABDDEB 41-50: CBBABDECDD 51-60: BDCBADBCCB

(1ai) The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." (1aii) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Health education empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their health, lifestyle, and habits, enabling them to take control of their well-being. (ii) Health education helps individuals understand the risk factors and prevention strategies for various diseases, reducing the likelihood of illness and promoting health. (iii) Health education leads to better health outcomes by encouraging healthy behaviors, early detection, and timely treatment of health issues. (iv) Health education raises awareness about healthy habits, nutrition, and wellness, promoting a culture of health and encouraging individuals to adopt healthy lifestyles. (1b) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Growth refers to a quantitative increase in size, weight, or volume, often measured numerically WHILE Development is a qualitative change, involving improvements in structure, function, or complexity. (ii) Growth typically focuses on physical changes, such as increases in height or weight WHILE Development encompasses physical, mental, emotional, and social changes, leading to maturity and enhanced capabilities. (iii) Growth can be reversible, as in weight gain or loss WHILE Development is generally irreversible, as in the maturation of tissues or the acquisition of skills. (iv) Growth often occurs over a short period, such as during childhood or adolescence WHILE Development is a long-term process, spanning an individual's entire lifespan, from conception to old age (1ci) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Plasma (ii) Red Blood Cells (RBCs) (iii) White Blood Cells (WBCs) (iv) Platelets (1cii) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Oxygen (ii) Carbon dioxide (iii) Nutrients (iv) Hormones (v) Waste products (vi) Electrolytes (vii) Proteins (Viii) Heat (1di) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Cerebrum (ii) Cerebellum (iii) Brainstem (iv) Frontal lobe (v) Parietal lobe (vi)Temporal lobe (vii) Occipital lobe (viii) Hippocampus (ix) Amygdala Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Meninges Corpus callosum Basal ganglia Thalamus (1dii) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Frontal bone (ii) Parietal bone (iii) Occipital bone (iv) Temporal bone (v) Sphenoid bone (vi) Ethmoid bone

(5ai) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Food and nutrition - Example: Checking the nutritional value and ingredients in food products. (ii) Drugs and pharmaceuticals - Example: Ensuring the safety and efficacy of over-the-counter medications. (iii) Medical devices - Example: Verifying the reliability and safety of medical equipment. (iv) Environmental health - Example: Monitoring the quality of air, water, and soil. (v) Health insurance - Example: Understanding the coverage and benefits of health insurance plans. (vi) Consumer education - Example: Providing information on making informed healthcare decisions. (5aii) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) (ii) Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) (iii) Consumer Protection Council (CPC) (iv) Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) (v) National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) (vi) National Tobacco Control Committee (NTCC) (5bi) 'Elderly' is a term used to describe individuals who are generally considered to be in the later stages of their lifespan, typically those aged 65 years and above. (5bii) Dying is the process of approaching the end of life, While death is the permanent cessation of all vital functions, including the heartbeat, breathing, and brain activity. (5ci) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Promoting and monitoring global health. (ii) Shaping the health research agenda. (iii) Setting norms and standards. (iv) Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options. (v) Providing technical support and expertise. (vi) Monitoring and assessing health trends. (5cii) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Federal Ministry of Health (Nigeria) (ii) National Primary Health Care Development Agency (Nigeria) (iii) National Health Insurance Scheme (Nigeria) (iv) National Agency for the Control of AIDS (Nigeria) (v) National Malaria Elimination Program (Nigeria) (vi) National Orientation Agency (Nigeria) [7/23, 2:13 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION (THEORY)* (2ai) Environmental health refers to the branch of public health that focuses on the relationships between human health and the environment. It involves assessing, understanding, and mitigating the impact of environmental factors on human health (2aii) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Health Education (ii) Health Services (iii) Nutrition Services (iv) Healthful School Environment (v) Physical Education (vi) School Health Records (vii) Health Promotion (viii) Disease Prevention (ix) Mental Health Services (2bi) Nutrition is the process by which the body takes in and utilizes food, nutrients, and other substances to maintain its functions, promote growth, and support overall health (2bii) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) cultural background (ii) personal preferences (iii) nutritional knowledge (iv) economic status (v) social environment (vi) emotional state (vii) age and gender (viii) health and wellness goals (ix) convenience and accessibility (x) marketing and advertising (2ci) A wound is a disruption in the continuity of the skin or mucous membrane, resulting in damage to the underlying tissues (2cii) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Incised: sharp object cutting the skin Bruised: blunt trauma leading to blood vessel rupture (ii) Incised: Characterized clean, straight edge Bruised: Characterized swelling, discoloration, and pain (iii) Incised: profuse, but controlled Bruised: no open bleeding, but blood accumulation under the skin (iv) Incised: lower risk Bruised: higher risk due to tissue damage and blood accumulation (v) Incised: faster and more predictable Bruised: slower, with potential scarring or discoloration (2ciii) Arterial bleeding is a type of bleeding that occurs when an artery is damaged or cut, resulting in a rapid loss of blood from the circulatory system. [7/23, 2:13 PM] UNKNOWN: HEALTH EDUCATION 1-10: DEEBBCCCEE 11-20: BDAACDCBBA 21-30: BDBEDCACBA 31-40: BAECABDDEB 41-50: CBBABDECDD 51-60: BDCBADBCCB [7/23, 2:14 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION (THEORY)*

[7/23, 2:11 PM] UNKNOWN: . . . . .. *NEXT YOU ARE GOING TO SEE IS THEORY PART OF THE HEALTH EDUCATION* [7/23, 2:12 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION (THEORY)* (4ai) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Peer pressure and social influence (ii) Curiosity and experimentation (iii) Stress and emotional struggles (iv) Lack of parental guidance and supervision (v) Easy access and availability of drugs (vi) Low self-esteem and seeking escape (vii) Media and celebrity influence (viii) Mental health issues and self-medication (ix) Rebellion and desire for independence (x) Ignorance about drug risks and consequences (4aii) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Smoking causes irreversible damage to lungs, leading to COPD, making breathing difficult and causing chronic disability. (ii) Smoking increases heart rate and blood pressure, leading to heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes. (iii) Smoking damages lung cells, leading to lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. (iv) Infertility and Erectile Dysfunction (v) Digestive Problems and Increased Risk of Ulcers (4bi) Marriage is a legally recognized union between two people, typically a man and a woman, who commit to share their lives and responsibilities together. It involves emotional, physical, and financial support, and often includes raising children together. (4bii) Ovulation is the process by which a mature egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized by sperm. This typically occurs once a month in females of reproductive age, around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle. (4biii) Adolescence is the stage of human development between childhood and adulthood, typically spanning from around age 10 to 19. During this period, individuals undergo significant physical, emotional, and psychological changes as they transition from dependence to independence and develop their identities. (4ci) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Genetics (ii) Trauma (iii) Stress (iv) Social relationships (v) Physical health (vi) Substance abuse (vii) Childhood experiences (viii) Socioeconomic status (4cii) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Practice self-care (ii) Exercise regularly (iii) Meditate and relax (iv) Connect with others (v) Get enough sleep (vi) Eat a healthy diet [7/23, 2:12 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION (THEORY)* (3ai) It is caused by Yellow Fever virus (Flavivirus genus). (3aii) Bite of infected mosquitoes. (3aiii) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Fever (ii) Muscle pain (especially in the back and knees) (iii) Headache (iv) Nausea and vomiting (v) Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) (vi) Fatigue (3aiv) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Vaccination (ii) Mosquito repellents (iii) Wearing protective clothing (iv) Eliminating mosquito breeding sites (v) Screening blood donations (vi) Using air conditioning or screened windows (3b) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Heat: Boiling, pasteurization, or autoclaving can kill bacteria (ii) Chemicals: Disinfectants, antiseptics, and antibiotics can destroy bacterial cells (iii) Radiation: Ultraviolet (UV) light and X-rays can damage bacterial DNA (iv) Filtration: Using filters with small pores can remove bacteria from water and air (v) Desiccation: Depriving bacteria of water can cause them to die or become dormant (vi) High Pressure: Applying high pressure can disrupt bacterial cell membranes (vii) Phagocytosis: White blood cells can engulf and digest bacterial cells (viii) Antimicrobial peptides: Natural peptides can disrupt bacterial cell membranes (ix) Essential oils: Certain essential oils have antibacterial properties (x) Soap and detergents: Can disrupt bacterial cell membranes and wash them away (3c) (PICK ANY FIVE) (i) Vaccination (ii) Improved Ventilation (iii) Enhanced Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (iv) Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered Contact Tracing (v) Ultraviolet (UV) Light Disinfection [7/23, 2:12 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION (THEORY)*

[7/23, 1:18 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICAL* *NUMBER THREE* (3a) Human heart. (3b) E - Right Atrium F - Right Ventricle G - Left Atrium H - Left Ventricle I - Aorta (3c) [In a Tabular form] -Pulmonary Circulation- (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. (ii) Oxygenates the blood in the lungs. (iii) Returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium. (iv) Involves the pulmonary arteries and veins. (v) Operates under lower pressure compared to systemic circulation. (vi) Facilitates gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) in the lungs. -Systemic Circulation- (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. (ii) Delivers oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. (iii) Returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. (iv) Involves the aorta and systemic veins. (v) Operates under higher pressure compared to pulmonary circulation. (vi) Facilitates the removal of waste products from body tissues. [7/23, 1:43 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICAL* *NUMBER TWO* (2a) Human large intestine. (2b) A - Caecum B - Ascending colon C - Transverse colon D - Descending colon E - Sigmoid colon F - Rectum (2c) (PICK ANY THREE) (i) Water Absorption (ii) Formation of Feces (iii) Bacterial Fermentation (iv) Production of Vitamins (v) Storage of Feces (vi) Immune Function

[7/23, 1:11 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICAL* *NUMBER FOUR* (4a) Human teeth (4b) W - Incisor X - Canine Y - Premolar Z - Molar (4c) -Y- (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Crushing food. (ii) Grinding food. (iii) Assisting molars in chewing. (iv) Maintaining the height of the bite. (v) Maintaining the shape of the face. (vi) Transitioning food from canines to molars. -Z- (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Grinding food. (ii) Crushing food. (iii) Chewing food thoroughly (iv) Maintaining the vertical dimension of the face (v) Maintaining the structure of the jaw. (vi) Aiding in proper alignment of other teeth. (4d) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Dental caries (cavities). (ii) Gingivitis. (iii) Periodontitis (iv) Tooth abscess. (4e) Canine [7/23, 1:18 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICAL* *NUMBER THREE* (3a) Human heart. (3b) E - Right Atrium F - Right Ventricle G - Left Atrium H - Left Ventricle I - Aorta (3c) [In a Tabular form] -Pulmonary Circulation- (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. (ii) Oxygenates the blood in the lungs. (iii) Returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium. (iv) Involves the pulmonary arteries and veins. (v) Operates under lower pressure compared to systemic circulation. (vi) Facilitates gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) in the lungs. -Systemic Circulation- (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body. (ii) Delivers oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. (iii) Returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. (iv) Involves the aorta and systemic veins. (v) Operates under higher pressure compared to pulmonary circulation. (vi) Facilitates the removal of waste products from body tissues.

[7/23, 12:41 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICAL* *NUMBER FIVE* (5a) Skeleton is the internal framework of bones and cartilage that provides structure, support, and protection for the body. It consists of the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. (5b) -Flat bones- (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Skull bones (ii) Scapula (iii) Sternum (iv) Ribs (v) Pelvic bones (vi) Patella -Short bones- (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Carpals (ii) Tarsals (iii) Phalanges (iv) Sesamoid bones (v) Auditory ossicles (vi) Hyoid bone (5ci) External respiration refers to the exchange of gases between the lungs and the external environment. It involves the inhalation of oxygen-rich air and the exhalation of carbon dioxide-rich air. (5cii) Tissue respiration, also known as cellular respiration, is the process by which cells in the body convert the chemical energy from nutrients (such as glucose) into a form of energy that the cell can use, known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process involves the use of oxygen and the production of carbon dioxide. [7/23, 12:41 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICAL* *NUMBER EIGHT* (8a) (PICK ANY TWO) (i) Herbalists (ii) Bone setters (iii) Traditional birth attendants (iv) Traditional healers (v) Spiritualists (vi) Diviners (8b) Pollution is the contamination of the environment by the introduction of substances or energy that have harmful or poisonous effects on living organisms, including humans. (8c) Mortality rate refers to the number of deaths in a particular population, usually expressed as deaths per 1,000 individuals per year. (8di) Safety education refers to the process of teaching individuals about potential hazards and how to avoid or mitigate them, with the goal of promoting safe behavior and preventing accidents or injuries. (8dii) (PICK AY TWO) (i) Wearing personal protective equipment, such as safety goggles, gloves, and lab coats. (ii) Proper handling and storage of chemicals and other hazardous materials. (iii) Maintaining a clean and organized work area to prevent accidents and spills. (iv) Following safety protocols for the use of equipment and instruments. (v) Proper disposal of waste materials in designated containers. (vi) Participating in safety training and being aware of emergency procedures. [7/23, 12:41 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICAL* *NUMBER SEVEN* (7a) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Eating a balanced, nutritious diet (ii) Exercising regularly (iii) Getting enough sleep (iv) Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water (v) Practicing good hygiene, such as handwashing (vi) Managing stress through relaxation techniques or seeking support (7b) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Fever (ii) Chills (iii) Fatigue (iv) Headache (v) Nausea and vomiting (vi) Body aches (7c) A vector is a living organism that can transmit infectious pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites, from one host to another. Vectors are often insects or arthropods, like mosquitoes, ticks, or fleas, that can carry and spread these harmful organisms. [7/23, 12:42 PM] UNKNOWN: *HEALTH EDUCATION PRACTICAL* *NUMBER SIX* (6ai) Polyandry: A form of marriage where a woman is married to multiple husbands at the same time. (6aii) Polygamy: A form of marriage where an individual has multiple spouses, either simultaneously (as in polygyny, where a man is married to multiple wives) or consecutively (as in serial monogamy). (6b) (i) For men - Vasectomy (ii) For women - Tubal ligation (6c) (PICK ANY FOUR) (i) Drying/dehydration (ii) Salting (iii) Smoking (iv) Pickling (v) Canning/jarring (vi) Fermentation

[7/23, 10:26 AM] UNKNOWN: *IRS ANSWER* (7ai) Muslim faithful wished to travel to Mecca to perform the holy pilgrimage (Umrah), but they were not prepared for a confrontation with the Quraysh. Therefore, they sought a peaceful agreement with the pagans of Mecca. When the idolaters of Mecca prevented them from entering the city, the Muslim caravan, led by Prophet Muhammad, decided to stay at Hudaybiyyah and camp there. Upon hearing rumors that the Makkans were preparing for war, Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) sent a message to the Quraysh, clarifying that they had not come to fight but to perform a peaceful pilgrimage. (7aii) The Muslims would return to Medina that year and be permitted to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca the following year, staying for a period of three days. (7b) (PICK THREE ONLY) (i) Earning of interest on loans had been prohibited. (ii) Women should be honored and their rights should be given to them. (iii) The homicide has been prohibited. (iv) Muslims should engage in Da'wah activities. (v) Every Muslim should teach others what he knows about Islam. [7/23, 10:27 AM] UNKNOWN: IRS OBJ 1-10: ACEEDEEBEE 11-20: BCEAABBCBB 21-30: DEBDDCEBAA 31-40: EEBAAEADEA 41-50: CBDDCAEACA 51-60: CAABACDDBE

*IRS ANSWER* (4a) (IN TABULAR FORM) -Hadith Qudsi- (Pick three only) (i) The subject matter of Hadith Qudsi is often restricted to specific spiritual and ethical matters. (ii) The chain of transmission ends with Allah (SWT). (iii) Hadith Qudsi are direct revelation from Allah to the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) but conveyed to the people in the Prophet’s own words. (iv) Hadith Qudsi are fewer in number. (v) When quoting Hadith Qudsi, one opens by saying, "The Prophet (S.A.W) said that Allah (SWT) said...". -Hadith Nabawi- (Pick three only) (i) The subject matter of the Hadith Nabawi is general and covers all aspects of life. (ii) The chain of transmission ends with the Prophet (S.A.W). (iii) Hadith Nabawi are sayings or actions of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) (iv) Hadith Nabawi are many in number. (v) When quoting Hadith Nabawi, one opens by saying, "The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) said...". (4b) (i) Hadith Sahih (Authentic): This type of Hadith is highly reliable, featuring a strong, unbroken chain of trustworthy narrators with excellent memory, and a text free from defects or inconsistencies. The reliability of its narrators and the consistency of its content with other established Hadiths ensure its authenticity. (ii) Hadith Hasan (Good Hadith): Hasan Hadiths are considered reliable and acceptable but not as strong as Sahih Hadiths. They have a generally trustworthy chain of narrators, though there may be minor issues with memory or precision. The text is sound and consistent with other Hadiths. (iii) Hadith Da'if (Weak Hadith): This type has flaws in its chain of transmission or text, making it less reliable. Issues can include missing links in the chain, unreliable narrators, or contradictions in the text. Da'if Hadiths are generally not used for legal rulings but may be cited for moral teachings. (iv) Hadith Mawdu' (Fabricated Hadith): These are egregious, baseless forgeries that have been erroneously ascribed to the Prophet Muhammad. Such narrations have been proven false and hold no status in Shari’ah. Consequently, no legal rulings or religious teachings can be derived from Da'if and Mawdu' Hadiths. (v) Mutawatir (Consecutive): A Hadith reported by multiple narrators at different times, increasing its authenticity. The large number of narrators at each level of the chain makes it nearly impossible for the Hadith to be fabricated, providing a high degree of certainty. (vi) Ahad (Isolated): A Hadith reported by a single narrator or a small group of narrators, making it less reliable compared to Mutawatir Hadiths. Ahad Hadiths can still be classified as Sahih, Hasan, or Da'if depending on the reliability of their narrators and the consistency of their text. (vii) Marfu' (Elevated): A Hadith attributed directly to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) without any intermediary, providing a direct connection to the source. Marfu' Hadiths are significant because they convey the Prophet’s own words, actions, or approvals. (viii) Mursal (Loose): A Hadith attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) but with an incomplete chain of narrators. One or more narrators may be missing, typically the companion who directly heard it from the Prophet, making the Hadith less reliable.

*USE THE ABOVE NUMBER 1 ONLY* 👆👆

ISLAMIC STUDIES