کانال علمی و پاسخ به شایعات وشبهات پزشکی

A Cochrane review of 23 studies (3938 participants) investigated giving probiotics containing either one or a combination of the following: Bacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacilli spp., Lactococcus spp., Leuconostoc cremoris, Saccharomyces spp., or Streptococcus sp. Results from 22/23 trials that reported on the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea show a significant benefit from probiotics compared to active, placebo, or no treatment control (8% in the probiotic group compared to 19% in the control group). None of the 16 trials (n = 2455) that reported on side events documented any serious side events attributable to probiotics with the most common ones being rash, nausea, gas, flatulence, abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, vomiting, increased phlegm, chest pain, constipation, taste disturbance, and low appetite. The author’s concluded that there was a protective effect of probiotics for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The relative risk was 0.46 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.61) and the NNT was 10. The authors considered Lactobacillus rhamnosus or Saccharomyces boulardii at 5 to 40 billion colony forming units/day to be the most appropriate choice. They also commented that although no serious adverse events were observed among the otherwise healthy children in these trials, serious adverse events have been observed in severely debilitated or immuno-compromised children with underlying risk factors (eg, central venous catheter use), and advised that probiotics should be avoided in pediatric populations at risk for adverse events until further research has been conducted. Drugs.com #probiotics تهیه شده توسط : کانال مطالعات تخصصی طب کودکان با نظارت دکتر منصور شیخ الاسلام https://t.me/pediatricarticles

💥سایمد درماتولوژی(SciMed Dermatology)💥 ⭐️اولین نرم افزار آموزشی در پوست ، مو و زیبایی⭐️ ویژه پزشکان ⭐️کاملا رایگان برای همه همکاران پزشک شامل: 📚ژورنال های درماتولوژی 📚ژورنال های پوست, مو و زیبایی 📚ژورنال های جراحی های زیبایی 📺ویدیو های آموزشی پروسیجر های زیبایی 📌اخبار پزشکی در پوست، مو و زیبایی 📕کتب کمیاب طب درماتولوژی و روش های زیبایی در پزشکی جهت ارتقا دانش پزشکی و مهارت در علم : Medical cosmetics تمامی ژورنال ها به صورت ماهیانه آپدیت خواهد شد. جهت جلوگیری از سواستفاده توسط افراد غیر پزشک، دسترسی فقط با احراز هویت ممکن خواهد بود. طراحی توسط : 👨‍⚕️دکتر سید امیدرضا علی احمدی(MD) 📱dr.ahmadi.omid 📲لینک های دانلود اندروید: https://cafebazaar.ir/app/com.scimed.app https://myket.ir/app/com.scimed.app 📱لینک وب اپلیکیشن برای گوشی های Apple: App.scimedpro.com در گوشی های اپل، لطفا Add to home screen نمایید تا به لیست نرم افزار های شما اضافه گردد. امیدوارم برای همکاران مفید واقع گردد. ارادتمند: دکتر امیدرضا علی احمدی ن.پ: ۱۰۹۳۶۰ شماره همراه: 09126584472 تماس فقط در واتس اپ ارادتمند

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مروری بر الگوریتم تشخیصی آمبولی ریه @emipcast

Abbreviations: AAP, American Academy of Pediatrics; ACOG, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; ADH, antidiuretic hormone; AFB, acid-fast bacilli; AHA, American Heart Association; ALT, alanine transaminase; AmB, amphotericin B; amox/clav, amoxicillin/clavulanate; AOM, acute otitis media; ARF, acute rheumatic fever; AST, aspartate transaminase; AUC:MIC, area under the curve (the mathemati- cally calculated area below the serum concentration-versus-time curve) to minimum inhibitory concentration; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; bid, twice daily; BL, beta- lactamase; CA-MRSA, community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus; cap, capsule; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; cephalo- sporin-R,cephalosporin-resistant; CF, cystic fibrosis; CMV, cytomegalovirus; CNS, central nervous system; CRP, C-reactive protein; CSD, cat-scratch disease; CSF, cere- brospinal fluid; CT, computed tomography; DAT, diphtheria antitoxin; div, divided; DOT, directly observed therapy; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ETEC, enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli; FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; GC, Neisseria gonorrhoeae; gentamicin-S,gentamicin-susceptibe; GI, gastrointestinal; HACEK, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Car- diobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, Kingella species; HSV, herpes simplex virus; HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome; I&D, incision and drainage; ID, infectious disease; IDSA, Infectious Diseases Society of America; IM, intramuscular; INH, isonia- zid; IV, intravenous; IVIG, intravenous immune globulin; KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase; L-AmB, liposomal amphotericin B; LFT, liver function test; LP, lumbar puncture; max, maximum; MDR, multidrug resistant; MIS-C, multisystem inflamma- tory syndrome in children; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MRSA, methicillin- resistant S aureus; MRSE, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis; MSM, men who have sex with men; MSSA, methicillin-susceptible S aureus; MSSE, methicillin- sensitive S epidermidis; ophth, ophthalmic; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PCV13, Prevnar 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; pen-R, penicillin-resistant; pen-S, penicillin-susceptible; PIDS, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society; PIMS-TS, pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2; pip/ tazo, piperacillin/tazobactam; PMA, postmenstrual age; PO, orally; PPD, purified protein derivative; PZA, pyrazinamide; q, every; qd, once daily; qid, 4 times daily; qod, every other day; RIVUR, Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction; soln, solution; SPAG-2, small particle aerosol generator-2; spp, species; staph, staphy- lococcal; STEC, Shiga toxin–producing E coli; STI, sexually transmitted infection; strep, streptococcal; tab, tablet; TB, tuberculosis; Td, tetanus, diphtheria; Tdap, tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis; tid, 3 times daily; TIG, tetanus immune globulin; tol/ taz, ceftolozane/tazobactam; TMP/SMX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; ULN, upper limit of normal; UTI, urinary tract infection; VDRL, Venereal Disease Research Labo- ratories; WBC, white blood cell. #abbreviations تهیه شده توسط : کانال مطالعات تخصصی طب کودکان با نظارت دکتر منصور شیخ الاسلام https://t.me/pediatricarticles

Urine casts are cylindrical, cigar-shaped structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease conditions. All casts are composed of a mucoprotein known as Tamm-Horsfall protein which is secreted by the distal loop of Henle, the distal tubule and the collecting ducts at a fairly constant rate. A significant number of urinary casts usually indicates the presence of renal disease. Urinary casts are formed only in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) or the collecting duct. The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and loop of Henle are not locations for cast formation. Casts are the result of solidification of material (protein) in the lumen of the kidney tubules. Once formed, these casts of the tubule are eliminated via the urine and may be seen in the urine sediment. They may contain RBCs, WBCs, renal epithelial cells, fat globules, bacteria, and degenerated forms of any of these structures, which are seen as granules. Aggregates of plasma proteins, including fibrinogen, immune complexes, and globulins, may also be seen as granules within a cast. #cast تهیه شده توسط : کانال مطالعات تخصصی طب کودکان با نظارت دکتر منصور شیخ الاسلام https://t.me/pediatricarticles

Complications of HZO have been doc­umented in the eye and central nervous system. Some studies suggest that up to 50% of untreated patients with HZO will go on to develop ocular compli­cations. These commonly include corneal involvement , often in the form of neurotrophic keratitis. Intraocular pressure (IOP) should be measured during treatment because of the risk of IOP spikes, which may be related to the ocular disease or to steroid use. Complications can extend to the posterior segment, resulting in ocular apex syndrome, optic neuritis, and acute retinal necrosis. Notably, HZO has been associated with central nervous system patholo­gy, including cerebral stroke.Within one year of a patient’s initial episode, those with HZO have a risk of stroke 4.3 times higher than that of all HZ patients (whose risk is 1.3 times that of؟ controls). It is believed that the virus can cause vascular inflammation and occlusion, as the trigeminal nerve fibers extend along the middle, anterior, and inferior cerebellar arteries. Currently, no data have shown that treatment of HZO reduces the risk of stroke. Al­though rare, additional neurologic sequelae have been documented, including cerebellar ataxia and meningo­encephalitis. AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY #zoster تهیه شده توسط : کانال مطالعات تخصصی طب کودکان با نظارت دکتر منصور شیخ الاسلام https://t.me/pediatricarticles

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - American Academy of Ophthalmology https://www.aao.org/eyenet/article/herpes-zoster-ophthalmicus-pearls#zoster تهیه شده توسط : کانال مطالعات تخصصی طب کودکان با نظارت دکتر منصور شیخ الاسلام https://t.me/pediatricarticles

امرپ فارسی، اردیبهشت ۱۴۰۳ @emipcast

The Effect of Helicobacter pylori on the Presentation and Clinical Course of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection 2021 ESPGHAN #covid19 تهیه شده توسط : کانال مطالعات تخصصی طب کودکان با نظارت دکتر منصور شیخ الاسلام https://t.me/pediatricarticles