༒︎❥︎♡︎𝗥.𝗞.𝗕𝘂𝗱𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗼𝘀♡︎❥︎༒︎𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹(𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹)

❤𝘾𝙝𝙖p𝙩𝙚𝙧 - 𝘽𝙞𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙡𝙚𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨🤍 1.The acid soluble contains small molecular mass(18-800 dalton), so know as micromolecules.It contains Amino acids, sugars, nucleotide 2.The acid insoluble having high molecular weight(10000daltons and above) caller macromolecules. It includes polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids. 3. Amino acid, sugars, chlorophyll, haems etc. are required for primary metabolic processes like photos, respiration, protein and lipid metabolic called 𝙥𝙧𝙞𝙢𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙢𝙚𝙩𝙖𝙗𝙤𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙨. 4. Many plant, fungi, microbes of certain genera and families synthesize a number of organic compounds Which are not involved in primary metabolism, called 𝙨𝙚𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙙𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙢𝙚𝙩𝙖𝙗𝙤𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙢. 🥀 𝙘𝙖𝙧𝙗𝙤𝙝𝙮𝙙𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙚𝙨- a) main source of energy. b) first respiratory substrate. c) Cx(H2O) y d) they are polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketones e) soluble in water and sweet in taste. 2. 𝘼𝙉𝙊𝙈𝙀𝙍𝙎 -position of H and OH groups are changed an C1 carbon atom in glucose 3. 𝙀𝙋𝙄𝙈𝙀𝙍𝙎 - Interchange of -OH and -H groups on carbon 2,3,4,of glucose. 4. 𝙂𝙡𝙪𝙘𝙤𝙨𝙚- grape sugar -blood sugar 5. 𝙁𝙧𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙤𝙨𝙚 -sweetest carbohydrate -fruit sugar. 6. 𝙂𝙖𝙡𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙤𝙨𝙚- Brain sugar 7. 𝙈𝙖𝙡𝙩𝙤𝙨𝙚 - Malt sugar 8. 𝙇𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙤𝙨𝙚- sweet sugar. 9. 𝙨𝙪𝙘𝙧𝙤𝙨𝙚 - invert sugar. 10. 𝙜𝙡𝙮𝙘𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙣- Animal starch. 11. 𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙣- Fungal cellulose 12. 𝙃𝙚𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙞𝙣- Anticoagulant of blood. 🥀 𝙇𝙞𝙥𝙞𝙙𝙨. ⚡Fat derivative. ⚡Insolubles in water ⚡Solubles in oraganic solvent(acetone, chloroform benzrne. ⚡2 types- simple/neutral Conjugated/compound.

❤Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium🤍 🥀Equilibrium ⚡Equilibrium is the state of a process in which the properties like temperature, pressure, and concentration etc of the system do not show any change with passage of time. ➖In all processes which attain equilibrium, two opposing processes are involved. ➖Equilibrium is attained when the rates of the two opposing processes become equal. ➖If the opposing processes involve only physical changes, the equilibrium is called Physical Equilibrium. ➖If the opposing processes are chemical reactions, the equilibrium is called Chemical Equilibrium. 🥀Physical Equilibrium ➖Solid – liquid Equilibrium: H2O(s) = H2O(l) ➖Liquid – Gas Equilibrium: H2O(l) = H2O(g) ➖Solid – Solution Equilibrium: Salt(Solid) = Salt(in solution) ➖Gas –Solution equilibrium: CO2(g) = CO2(in solution) 🥀Equilibrium in Chemical Process Reversible reaction: ⚡A reaction in which not only the reactants react to form the products under certain conditions but also the products react to form reactants under the same conditions 🌷Examples: 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) \rightleftharpoons Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g) 🥀Irreversible reaction: ⚡A reaction cannot take place in the reverse direction, i.e. the products formed do not react to give back the reactants under the same condition. 🌷Example: AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(g) 🥀Characteristics of Equilibrium State ⚡It can be attained only if the reversible reaction is carried out in closed vessel. ⚡It can be attained from either side of the reaction. ⚡A catalyst can hasten the approach of equilibrium but does not alter the state of equilibrium. ⚡It is dynamic in nature i.e. reaction does not stop but both forward and backward reactions take place at equal rate. ⚡Change of pressure, concentration or temperature favours one of the reactions (forward or backward) resulting in shift of equilibrium point in one direction. ⚡Law of Mass Action & Equilibrium Constant “The rate at which a substance reacts is directly proportional to its active mass and rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to product of active masses of reactants each raised to a power equal to corresponding stoichiometric coefficient appearing in the balanced chemical equation”. 💫For reaction aA + bB \rightleftharpoons cC + dD 💫Rate of reaction ∝ Aa.Bb 💫or rate of reaction = KAaBb ⚡where K is rate constant or velocity constant of the reaction at that temperature. ⚡Unit of rate constant (K) K = \frac{Rate\ of\ reaction}{A^aB^b}=\frac{molL^-^1 s^-^1}{(molL^1^)^a^+^b } = (molL^-^1)^1\ ^t^o\ ^n\ s^-^1 🥀Ionic Product: a) Product of ionic concentration due to ions already present in water or from a salt. b) I.P. may be and may not be equal to Ksp. c) If ionic Product (IP) > Ksp ; precipitation takes place till I.P. equals Ksp d) If Ionic Product < Ksp ; a precipitate will not be formed and the solution will be unsaturated. e) If Ionic Product = Ksp ; a precipitate will not form an the solution is satuated in that salt. #Point_to_remember 😇

❤Expected questions to total chapters in Neet🤍 ​

❤Breathing & exchange of gases🤍 • 1 gm Haemoglobin carry 1.34 ml of Oxygen. • 100 ml blood contain 15 gm (12-16 gm) Haemoglobin. • 100 ml Blood carries 20 ml of Oxygen (1.34x15). • But under normal physiological processes, 100 ml Blood delivers 25% (5ml) of Oxygen. • 1 molecule of Haemoglobin can carry maximum 4 Oxygen molecules. #Point_to_remember 😇 ​

❤𝘾𝙝𝙖𝙥𝙩𝙚𝙧 - 𝙈𝙞𝙘𝙧𝙤𝙗𝙚𝙨 𝙞𝙣 𝙝𝙪𝙢𝙖𝙣 𝙬𝙚𝙡𝙛𝙖𝙧𝙚🤍 1. Curd also known as lactobacillus or lactic acid bacteria(LAB) with high nutritional quality by increasing vitamin B12. 2. Large holes in Swiss cheese are due to production of a large amount of CO2 by bacteria named 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙥𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙞𝙗𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙪𝙢 𝙨𝙜𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙞. 3. Camemcert cheese(soft) - penicillium camemberti 4. Roquefort cheese( semi-hard) -penicillium Roqueforti 5. Baker's yeast- Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 6. 'Toddy' prepared from sap of palms by fermentation. 7. Yeast fermentation are a) Beer- produced from hordeum vulgare and alcohal content is 3-6% b) Wine - from grapes and alcohol amount is 10-20% c) brands - distillation of wine and alcohol amount is 60-70% d) Rum produced from molasses of sugarcane and alcohol amount is 40% 8.penicillin was the first antibiotic by 𝘼𝙡𝙚𝙭𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙁𝙡𝙚𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙜. 9. The bottle juice was cleared by 𝙥𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙨𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙩𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙚. 10. Streptokinase (by Bacterium streptococcus)- clot buster 11. Cyclosporin A ( by fungus trichiderma polysporum) - immunosuppressive agent. 12. Statins (by yeast monascus purpureus) - blood cholesterol lowering agent. 13. 𝘽𝙞𝙤𝙥𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙞𝙙𝙚- those biological agents that are used for control of weeds, insects,pathogens by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa 14. 𝘽𝙖𝙘𝙪𝙡𝙤𝙫𝙞𝙧𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙨 used as biological agents are in the genus nucleopolyhedrovirus. 15. 𝘽𝙞𝙤𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙧𝙨- organisms that are enrich the nutrient quality of soil by bacteria, fungi, cyanobacteria. 16. In 𝘽𝙞𝙤(𝙜𝙤𝙗𝙖𝙧) 𝙜𝙖𝙨 - 𝙢𝙚𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙚(50-70%), 𝘾𝙊2(30-40%), 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙚𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙝𝙮𝙙𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙣, 𝙣𝙞𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙣, 𝙝𝙮𝙙𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙚𝙣 𝙨𝙪𝙡𝙥𝙝𝙞𝙙𝙚. #Point_to_remember 😇